Insect Science最新文献

Correction to "Eocene and modern entomofauna differ-a Cretaceous-like larva in Rovno amber". 对“始新世和现代昆虫动物的差异——罗夫诺琥珀中白垩纪样幼虫”的修正。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70083

引用次数: 0

SV2B is a crucial factor for early larval development in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. SV2B是家蚕早期幼虫发育的关键因子。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70070

Yuting Zhang, Zhiping Xing, Hui Dong, Tao Lu, Yuping Deng, Zhipeng Li, Bo Hu, Anjiang Tan

{"title":"SV2B is a crucial factor for early larval development in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.","authors":"Yuting Zhang, Zhiping Xing, Hui Dong, Tao Lu, Yuping Deng, Zhipeng Li, Bo Hu, Anjiang Tan","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.70070","url":null,"abstract":"Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (SV2B) gene plays a crucial role in neuromodulation and neurotransmission and is a key regulator of synaptotagmin trafficking. However, physiological functions of this gene in insects remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function of the BmSV2B gene in growth and development of silkworms. Tissue expression profiling revealed that BmSV2B is highly expressed in head and midgut. A phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment demonstrated that this gene is highly conserved among lepidopteran insects. Knockout of BmSV2B using the clustered regularly interspaced small palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system resulted in smaller body size compared to the wild type (WT) strain. In the BmSV2B mutants, the levels of triacylglycerol were dramatically lower than that in WT. Furthermore, we found that deletion of BmSV2B extended the developmental time of larvae and led to early larval death. High-throughput RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression levels of juvenile hormone-degrading genes, digestive genes, 20-hydroxyecdysone -response genes and forkhead box O (FOXO) were significantly affected by the absence of BmSV2B. Taken together, BmSV2B is essential for early larval development in silkworms and could serve as a potential target for insecticides, offering a more effective approach to pest control management.","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mycotoxins-contaminated wheat matrices bioconversion by Tenebrio molitor larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). 霉毒素污染的小麦基质在黄粉虫幼虫中的生物转化。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70066

Valentina Candian, Valentina Scarpino, Alessandro Bona, Rosemarie Tedeschi, Massimo Blandino

{"title":"Mycotoxins-contaminated wheat matrices bioconversion by Tenebrio molitor larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).","authors":"Valentina Candian, Valentina Scarpino, Alessandro Bona, Rosemarie Tedeschi, Massimo Blandino","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.70066","url":null,"abstract":"Tenebrio molitor is proposed for the valorization of mycotoxins-contaminated substrates no longer usable for other purposes. Larvae were reared on three different wheat matrices (wholegrain flour, shorts and bran) contaminated with different levels of mycotoxins. Nine diets (3 matrices × 3 contamination levels) were assessed. Larval development time, average daily gain (ADG), substrate consumption, survival rate, and the capacity of T. molitor to accumulate and excrete different mycotoxins, through exuviae and frass, were evaluated. Larval development time, ADG, survival rate and substrate consumption were not negatively affected by the mycotoxins, but only by the rearing matrix, depending on the nutritive value. The ability of larvae to excrete DON and its derivatives through exuviae and frass was observed. Within each matrix, DON contamination in larvae increased significantly moving from poorly to highly contaminated ones. Overall, the ratio between the modified form (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside) and the native one (DON), increased from 7%, in the raw materials, to 101% in the larvae, highlighting their ability to modify this mycotoxin and accumulate it in their body. Larvae accumulated also nivalenol, zearalenone, and enniatins showing a higher concentration in larvae reared on substrates with high level of contamination, while moniliformin was never found in larvae. Overall, the levels of mycotoxins recorded in larvae was always below the current legal limits for livestock feed, thanks to their ability to excrete them through exuviae and frass. These interesting data open new scenarios on the valorization of mycotoxin-contaminated matrices, not suitable for other livestock farming, by means of insects.","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impacts of colorful oilseed rape on pollinator diversity and its pollination services. 彩色油菜对传粉媒介多样性及其传粉服务的影响。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70063

Qian Lai, Yu-Lin Zhu, Song Wu, Hai-Nan Chong, De-Song Zheng, Yi Zou, Hai-Jun Xiao

{"title":"The impacts of colorful oilseed rape on pollinator diversity and its pollination services.","authors":"Qian Lai, Yu-Lin Zhu, Song Wu, Hai-Nan Chong, De-Song Zheng, Yi Zou, Hai-Jun Xiao","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.70063","url":null,"abstract":"Flower color serves as a key trait for pollinators to locate pollen and nectar, potentially influencing pollinator diversity and pollination effectiveness, which may subsequently increase crop productivity. Based on large-scale cultivation and popularization of colorful flower oilseed rape, we assessed the impact of its flower color variation on pollinator communities and pollination functions. The experiments were conducted with a randomized block design (6 different flower-colored varieties of oilseed rape, each with 5 replications) over 2 consecutive years (2021-2022). Results showed that colorful oilseed rape attracts a diverse array of pollinators and enhances pollination efficiency. Across the 2-year sampling period, we identified insect pollinators from 4 orders, 34 families, and 108 species, with Apis mellifera, Lasioglossum politum, and Delia platura emerging as dominant pollinators. No significant differences in pollinator attraction were observed across different flower colors of oilseed rape. Furthermore, the results revealed that insect pollination significantly enhanced the yield of colorful oilseed rape. However, this effect varied by year. In 2021, the fruit setting rate of the main branch and the fertilization rate of the main and lateral branches in open cages were significantly higher than those in closed cages, which excluded insect-pollinators. However, no significant yield differences were observed between flower colors in response to insect pollination in 2021. In conclusion, colorful oilseed rape can serve as a nectar resource and habitat for pollinators, aiding in the restoration of the diversity and abundance of wild pollinators, improving species turnover, and providing pollination services.","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MicroRNA novel-miR-90-5p modulates larval molt development in Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) by targeting OfCYP18A1. MicroRNA novel-miR-90-5p通过靶向cyp18a1调节Ostrinia furnacalis （guen<s:1>）的幼虫脱壳发育。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70071

Hong-Yun Ruan, Xue Tang, Jian-Yu Meng, Chang-Yu Zhang

{"title":"MicroRNA novel-miR-90-5p modulates larval molt development in Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) by targeting OfCYP18A1.","authors":"Hong-Yun Ruan, Xue Tang, Jian-Yu Meng, Chang-Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.70071","url":null,"abstract":"The hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays an important role in the physiological processes of insect growth, development, and ecdysis, whereas CYP18A1, a 20E hydroxylase, participates in 20E degradation and maintains its equilibrium state, which is an indispensable part of the 20E signaling pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and mediate various biological processes. However, whether and how miRNAs regulate CYP18A1 remains unclear. Herein, OfCYP18A1 was expressed in different developmental stages and tissues. After OfCYP18A1 knockdown, the survival and ecdysis rates of larvae as well as their body weight and length significantly decreased, causing the larvae to molt early but not completely, resulting in death. The concentration of 20E in larvae significantly increased, whereas that of juvenile hormone (JH) significantly decreased. To further investigate the regulatory mechanism of OfCYP18A1, an miRNA (novel-miR-90-5p) targeting OfCYP18A1 was proposed. Novel-miR-90-5p was expressed in different developmental stages and tissues of Ostrinia furnacalis, and it exhibited an inverse trend to OfCYP18A1. Novel-miR-90-5p overexpression in O. furnacalis significantly decreased larval survival and ecdysis rates, delayed their development, decreased the larval body size, increased 20E concentration, and decreased JH concentration. However, after novel-miR-90-5p expression inhibition, the survival rate of 3rd-instar larvae did not significantly differ, their body weight and length significantly increased, ecdysis was delayed, 20E concentration significantly decreased, and JH concentration did not significantly change. These findings reveal that miRNAs are involved in OfCYP18A1 regulation during insect growth and development, thus enhancing our understanding of insect defense strategies.","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional validation of a white pupae minimal gene construct in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). 头角绦虫（双翅目：绦虫科）白色蛹最小基因结构的功能验证。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70058

Lucas Henrique Figueiredo Prates, Roswitha A Aumann, Inga Sievers, Tanja Rehling, Marc F Schetelig

{"title":"Functional validation of a white pupae minimal gene construct in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae).","authors":"Lucas Henrique Figueiredo Prates, Roswitha A Aumann, Inga Sievers, Tanja Rehling, Marc F Schetelig","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.70058","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic sexing strains (GSS) are important tools for the sterile insect technique (SIT), an environmentally friendly and species-specific insect pest control method. GSS feature sex-specific phenotypes, enabling sex sorting in mass-rearing facilities and male-only releases, which significantly improve the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of SIT programs. In classical GSS, sex linkage of marker gene(s), such as white pupae (wp), is achieved through an irradiation-induced translocation between the marker-carrying autosome and the Y chromosome. However, this approach may render GSS males semisterile. The recently proposed neo-classical GSS concept suggests using genome editing to achieve sex linkage by directly inserting the wild-type marker allele onto the Y chromosome, potentially yielding GSS males with higher fertility. In this study, we examined the Ceratitis capitata wp gene as a genetic marker for the neo-classical GSS concept and developed a minimal, intronless version of this gene, termed mini-wp. We demonstrate that a single copy of mini-wp is sufficient to restore the wild-type brown puparium phenotype and is functional when integrated at various positions within the C. capitata genome, including the X chromosome. Due to its smaller size (4689 bp, including 2000 bp of putative promoter region) relative to the full wild-type wp allele (20868 bp), mini-wp may facilitate its precise insertion into the Y chromosome, representing an important step toward realizing neo-classical GSS. Furthermore, the methodology developed for designing and testing mini-wp in medfly may be adapted to other Tephritid species with an identified wp gene.","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food nutrition and facultative endosymbiont modulate dietary breadth of a polyphagous aphid. 食物营养和兼性内共生体调节多食性蚜虫的饮食宽度。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70069

Chun-Yan Chang, Ya-Ni Zhao, Hui-Fang Guo, Xiang-Dong Liu

{"title":"Food nutrition and facultative endosymbiont modulate dietary breadth of a polyphagous aphid.","authors":"Chun-Yan Chang, Ya-Ni Zhao, Hui-Fang Guo, Xiang-Dong Liu","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.70069","url":null,"abstract":"While host plants and endosymbionts have been implicated in influencing dietary breadth in polyphagous herbivores, the underlying mechanism remains vague. In this study, we focused on the food nutrition and nutrition provision of endosymbionts to elucidate the determination of dietary breadth in a polyphagous aphid Aphis gossypii. Our findings demonstrated that high sugar and riboflavin presence in food decreased aphid fitness, while Arsenophonus infections improved aphid performance. Aphids collected from cotton could not use cucumber whether they were infected with Arsenophonus or not, signifying a distinct specialization toward cotton. Further, both the Arsenophonus-infected and free aphids fed on artificial diet varying in sugar titer failed to utilize cucumber. However, Arsenophonus-free aphids attained the ability to utilize cucumber after feeding on the riboflavin-free diet, but not on the riboflavin-containing diet, indicating riboflavin and Arsenophonus-absent expansion in dietary breadth. Notably, up-regulated expression of riboflavin synthase genes of the obligated symbiont Buchnera aphidicola was detected in the Arsenophonus-infected aphids which may provide more riboflavin. Arsenophonus promoting riboflavin synthesis in the obligated symbiont B. aphidicola and riboflavin ingestion enhancing host specialization of aphids to cotton modulate dietary breadth of A. gossypii.","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AMPK regulates HIF-1α to induce pupal diapause in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. AMPK调控HIF-1α诱导棉铃虫蛹滞育。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70068

Zhiren Su, Songshan Jiang, Wei-Hua Xu

{"title":"AMPK regulates HIF-1α to induce pupal diapause in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera.","authors":"Zhiren Su, Songshan Jiang, Wei-Hua Xu","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.70068","url":null,"abstract":"Diapause is an adaptive strategy employed by insects to endure adverse environmental conditions and is characterized by reduced metabolic activity, primarily due to a decreased respiratory rate. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as an intracellular energy regulator, modulating energy metabolism in response to metabolic fluctuations. However, its role in pupal diapause of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, remains unclear. In this study, we found that AMPK and its active form, P-AMPK, are highly expressed in diapause-destined pupae. Furthermore, activation of AMPK delayed the development of nondiapause-destined pupae, suggesting a critical role for AMPK in the regulation of pupal diapause in H. armigera. Manipulating AMPK activity in H. armigera epidermal (HaEpi) cells and pupae significantly influenced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which our laboratory previously reported as a key inducer of pupal diapause through the reduction of mitochondrial activity in H. armigera. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a shuttle protein phosphorylated by AMPK which translocates between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, was found to exhibit significantly higher expression in diapause-destined pupal brains compared to their nondiapause counterparts. AMPK in both HaEpi cells and pupae positively regulated the protein levels of P-HDAC4 by binding to the HDAC4 promoter. Additionally, HDAC4 was shown to enhance HIF-1α expression in diapause-destined individuals. HDAC4 binds to and deacetylates heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and reduced acetylation of HSP70 was found to significantly elevate HIF-1α protein levels. The AMPK-HIF-1α signaling pathway appears to play a pivotal role in reducing mitochondrial activity and facilitating diapause induction in H. armigera pupae.","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

fmd/fmd2/DHX16-dsx cascade in sex determination of one Hemiptera species, Laodelphax striatellus. fmd/fmd2/DHX16-dsx级联反应在半翅目褐家鼠性别决定中的作用。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70062

Youyuan Chen, Zeping Mao, Yangwei Gao, Haiqiang Wang, Jinjun Ying, Lin Wang, Xinghua Wang, Shan Xiao, Jianghua Chen, Junmin Li, Chuanxi Zhang, Jichong Zhuo

{"title":"fmd/fmd2/DHX16-dsx cascade in sex determination of one Hemiptera species, Laodelphax striatellus.","authors":"Youyuan Chen, Zeping Mao, Yangwei Gao, Haiqiang Wang, Jinjun Ying, Lin Wang, Xinghua Wang, Shan Xiao, Jianghua Chen, Junmin Li, Chuanxi Zhang, Jichong Zhuo","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.70062","url":null,"abstract":"Although recent investigations have identified a novel regulatory cascade involving female determiner (fmd), female determiner 2 (fmd2), and doublesex (dsx) in Hemiptera species, the evolutionary conservation and molecular mechanisms governing the fmd/fmd2-dsx pathway remain poorly characterized. The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), represents an ideal model system for elucidating the evolutionary dynamics of sex determination pathways, as its underlying mechanism remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that the fmd2 homolog (Lsfmd2) in L. striatellus is functionally involved in sex determination through a specific splicing isoform, LsFMD2315, the protein of which contains a specific carboxyl-terminal sequence - GTGGGYGGGGKQRGGGRGQRHTPY. Functional characterization in 293T cells revealed that LsFMD2315 interacts with LsFMD-F to regulate female-specific splicing of Lsdsx. Importantly, we identified DHX16, an ATP-dependent RNA helicase and pre-messenger RNA splicing factor, as a novel binding partner of LsFMD2315. RNA interference-mediated depletion of DHX16 resulted in the ectopic expression of male-specific Lsdsx isoforms in female individuals and induced significant ovipositor malformations. Intriguingly, while LsFMD2315 exhibited simultaneous binding capacity with both LsFMD-F and LsDHX16, no direct interaction was observed between LsDHX16 and LsFMD-F, indicating that LsFMD2315 serves as a molecular scaffold in the fmd/fmd2/DHX16-dsx regulatory cascade. These findings provide robust evidence for the evolutionary conservation of the fmd/fmd2-dsx regulatory cascade across Hemiptera species. Moreover, the newly identified component DHX16 significantly enhances our mechanistic understanding of this non-canonical sex determination pathway.","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Camptothecin weakens the mechanical properties of insect cuticle by inhibiting tanning. 喜树碱通过抑制鞣制而削弱了昆虫角质层的力学性能。

IF 2.9 1区农林科学

Insect Science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.70065

Yi Ding, Yuntian Cui, Huijie Xie, Jinhui Liang, Huan Liu, Fenghou Yuan, Tian Liu

引用次数: 0