Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"A long cold storage protocol for Anisopteromalus calandrae based on promoting prepupal development and arresting early pupal growth under low temperature.","authors":"Jiapeng Yang, Yue Zhang, Li Liu, Die Liu, Guy Smagghe, Maofa Yang, Xiaoyulong Chen, Hong Yang, Renhuai Dai","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) shows great promise as an ectoparasitoid for controlling various coleopteran pests in warehouses. However, for a large-scale release, it is crucial to establish an ample supply of A. calandrae while carefully maintaining their quality and effectiveness. Appropriate cold storage techniques are the key to achieving these goals. Previous studies on cold storage have focused on specific developmental stages and explored cold storage conditions that can be applied only to those stages. Herein, we examined the development, survival and reproductive capacity of A. calandrae at different temperatures (13, 16, and 19 °C) and storage durations (30, 60, and 90 d) and evaluated the fitness of the offspring. A. calandrae completed its egg-to-larva development and pupated at 16 °C, but its development was arrested at an early pupal stage. Even after 90 d of cold storage at 16 °C, the survival rate of A. calandrae remained high at 77%, with no significant impact on reproductive capacity. Furthermore, cold storage showed no negative effect on the F₁ generation. In contrast, eggs stored at 13 °C failed to hatch, whereas those stored at 19 °C developed. Adults emerged after > 60 d. This indicates that storage at 19 °C is only suitable for short durations. Our findings highlight the developmental pattern of A. calandrae at 16 °C, indicating that the parasitic wasp can be stored for a long time at this temperature across all stages of development before pupation, substantially facilitating its mass reproduction and industrial production.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of integrins in cellular immunity of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata.","authors":"Yuting Mao, Seiichi Furukawa","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect hemocytes eliminate foreign substances from the hemocoel through various immune reactions. Integrins, receptor proteins present on the cell membrane, are formed as a heterodimer from α and β subunits and are known to be involved in various immune reactions. To elucidate the role of integrins in the immunity of the lepidoptera Mythimna separata, genes encoding integrins were screened from the genome, resulting in the identification of eight α and four β integrin genes. The expression levels of the integrin genes did not change in response to the injection of small abiotic beads undergoing phagocytosis in M. separata larvae. However, significant inductions of some integrin gene expressions were observed in hemocytes that formed capsules around large abiotic beads during encapsulation, especially in MysIntα2. Under biotic stimulation, induction of the MysIntα2 was evident after exposures to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae), but not to Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus). Immunostaining analysis revealed that MysIntα2 was specifically localized to hemocytes surrounding the beads during the encapsulation reaction. Furthermore, the spreading and encapsulation abilities of hemocytes were significantly inhibited by incubation with MysIntα2 antibodies. Suppression of MysIntα2 expression in M. separata larvae by injecting double-stranded RNA also resulted in a decrease in encapsulation activity. Collectively, these results indicate that MysIntα2 plays pivotal roles in the cellular immune response of M. separata, particularly during encapsulation. This likely occurs through the regulation of hemocyte spreading activity, thereby facilitating the formation of multilayered capsules around large invaders.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighbors sharing pathogens: the intricate relationship between Apis mellifera and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nesting in hives.","authors":"Rossella Tiritelli, Daniele Giannetti, Enrico Schifani, Donato A Grasso, Giovanni Cilia","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ants are ubiquitous and eusocial insects that exhibit frequent physical contact among colony members, thereby increasing their susceptibility to diseases. Some species are often found in beehives and in their surroundings, where they exploit the food resources of honey bees. This intricate relationship may facilitate the interspecific transmission of honey bee pathogens to ants, although ants themselves may contribute to spillback phenomena. The objective of this study was to assess the presence and abundance of honey bee pathogens in ants sampled from Italian apiaries. A total of 37 colonies within 24 apiaries across 7 regions were monitored. In total, 6 pathogens were detected in adult ants and 3 in the brood. In particular, the study revealed a high prevalence of honey bee pathogens in ants, with DWV, BQCV, and CBPV being the most commonly encountered. The brood also tested positive for the same viruses. Notably, all analyzed viruses were found to be replicative in both adult ants and ant broods. Furthermore, co-infections were prevalent, suggesting complex pathogen interactions within ant populations. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences in pathogen prevalence and abundance among ant species and sample types. The findings highlight active infection in both the ants and the brood, suggesting a potential role of ants as reservoir hosts and vectors of honey bee pathogens emphasizing the need for further research to understand the implications of interspecific pathogen transmission on ant and bee health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for transient deleterious thermal acclimation in field recapture rates of an invasive tropical species, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae).","authors":"Kevin Malod, Anandi Bierman, Minette Karsten, Aruna Manrakhan, Christopher W Weldon, John S Terblanche","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowing how environmental conditions affect performance traits in pest insects is important to improve pest management strategies. It can be informative for monitoring, but also for control programs where insects are mass-reared, and field-released. Here, we investigated how adult thermal acclimation in sterile Bactrocera dorsalis affects dispersal and recapture rates in the field using a mark-release-recapture method. We also considered how current abiotic factors may affect recapture rates and interact with thermal history. We found that acclimation at 20 or 30 °C for 4 d prior to release reduced the number of recaptures in comparison with the 25 °C control group, but with no differences between groups in the willingness to disperse upon release. However, the deleterious effects of acclimation were only detectable in the first week following release, whereafter only the recent abiotic conditions explained recapture rates. In addition, we found that recent field conditions contributed more than thermal history to explain patterns of recaptures. The two most important variables affecting the number of recaptures were the maximum temperature and the average relative humidity experienced in the 24 h preceding trapping. Our results add to the handful of studies that have considered the effect of thermal acclimation on insect field performance, but notably lend support to the deleterious acclimation hypothesis among the various hypotheses that have been proposed. Finally, this study shows that there are specific abiotic conditions (cold/hot and dry) in which recaptures will be reduced, which may therefore bias estimates of wild population size.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond adult models: Tribolium castaneum larval timekeeping reveals unexpected robustness and insights into circadian clock.","authors":"Miriam Benita, Ariel Menahem, Animesha Rath, Inon Scharf, Daphna Gottlieb","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are self-sustained endogenous oscillations that are found in all living organisms. In insects, circadian rhythms control a wide variety of behavioral and physiological processes, including feeding, locomotion, mating, and metabolism. While the role of circadian rhythms in adult insects is well-understood, it is largely unexplored in larvae. This study investigates the potential for larval synchronized activity in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), a species exhibiting solitary and aggregation phases. We hypothesized that, similar to adults, larvae would exhibit a daily activity pattern governed by an endogenous circadian clock. We further predicted that the transition between the solitary and gregarious phases extends to unique temporal activity patterns. Our results revealed unique timekeeper gene expression in larvae, leading to a distinct daily rhythm characterized by nocturnal activity. Cues indicating on potential cannibalism did not change daily activity peak. However, the absence of these cues significantly reduced the proportion of rhythmic larvae and led to higher variation in peak activity, highlighting the crucial role of social interactions in shaping their rhythmicity. This study sheds light on the evolution and function of larval synchronization in group-living insects, offering novel insights into this complex behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ebony gene editing in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella.","authors":"Li-Lin Luo, Shun-Hua Gui, Zhen-Ping Guo, Jia-Wei Feng, Guy Smagghe, Tong-Xian Liu, Man Liu, Tian-Ci Yi","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), is a major bee pest that inflicts considerable harm on beehives, leading to economic losses. It also serves as a valuable resource insect and a model organism. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system plays a crucial role in improving economic insect breeding and developing efficient agricultural pest management systems in Lepidoptera. However, the CRISPR/Cas9 protocols have not been developed for G. mellonella. Here, the Gmebony knockout (KO) strain was established using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. We obtained Gmebony KO strain in the G4 generation, which took approximately 10 months. When compared with wild-type, the head, notum, and the terminal abdominal surface of 1st to 4th instar larvae in the KO strain changed from yellow to brown, and these regions of the KO strain gradually transformed into a black color from the 5th instar larvae, and the body color of the adult moth in the KO strain changed to black. The developmental period of the early larval and the following larval instars extended. The embryonic hatchability of the Gmebony KO strain was significantly decreased. The pupal body weight of the Gmebony KO strain was not affected. The feasibility of the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology was validated by single-target editing of Gmebony. Our findings provide the first evidence that the ebony gene can serve as a pigmentation reference gene for genetic modifications of G. mellonella. Meanwhile, it can be utilized in the development of genome editing control strategies and for gene function analyses in G. mellonella.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of host plants on aphid feeding behavior, fitness, and Buchnera aphidicola titer.","authors":"Shen Liu, Xiao-Bei Liu, Tian-Tao Zhang, Shu-Xiong Bai, Kang-Lai He, Yong-Jun Zhang, Frédéric Francis, Zhen-Ying Wang","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphids are sap-feeding plant pests that depend on their symbiotic relationships with the primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola to adapt to impoverished diets. However, how the host plant affects the aphid primary symbiont and aphid adaptation to host plant transfer are poorly known. In this study, aphid symbiont screening and genotype identification were used to establish 2 aphid strains (Rhopalosiphum maidis [Rm] and Rhopalosiphum padi [Rp] strains) containing only Buchnera without any secondary symbionts for both wheat aphid species (R. maidis and R. padi). Aphid fitness and Buchnera titers were unstable on some of these host plants after transferring to novel host plants (G1-G5), which were influenced by host plant species and generations; however, they stabilized after prolonged feeding on the same plants for 10 generations. The electropenetrography (EPG) records showed that the allocation of aphid feeding time was significantly distinct in the 6 host plants; aphids had more intracellular punctures and spent more nonprobing time on green bristlegrass which was not conducive to its growth compared with other plants. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and amino acid in the leaves of the 6 host plants were also clearly separated. The correlation coefficient analysis showed that the nutrient contents of host plants had significant correlations with aphid feeding behaviors, fitness, and Buchnera titers. In the meantime, aphid fitness, and Buchnera titers were also affected by aphid feeding behaviors. Also, Buchnera titers of aphid natural populations on 6 host plants showed a visible difference. Our study deepened our understanding of the interaction among aphids, endosymbionts, and host plants, indicating that the host plant nutrient content is a predominant factor affecting aphid adaptation to their diet, initially affecting aphid feeding behaviors, and further affecting aphid fitness and Buchnera titers, which would further contribute to exploiting new available strategies for aphid control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval diet impacts black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) thermal tolerance and preference.","authors":"Chujun Li, Travis W Rusch, Amy J Dickerson, Aaron M Tarone, Jeffery K Tomberlin","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal tolerance and preference are key parameters impacting agricultural production systems. In this study, the impact of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference across life-stages and sexes was examined. Larvae were fed either a low-protein high-carbohydrate synthetic diet (i.e., P₇C₃₅), a high-protein low-carbohydrate synthetic diet (i.e., P₃₅C₇), or the Gainesville diet (i.e., C) as a control and reference. Our results demonstrate that the impacts of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference could be stage and sex specific. The mean heat knockdown temperatures (HKT) ranged between 46.6 and 47.9 °C. Synthetic diets resulted in greater HKT and the difference decreased form larvae (e.g., ∼1 °C) to adults (e.g., ∼0.2 °C). The mean chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) ranged between 8.3 and 21.6 min. Not much differences were detected between diets, but CCRT became longer from larvae to adults. The mean thermal preference ranged between 13.6 and 29.5 °C. Larvae fed synthetic diets preferred much lower temperatures than the control diet. A bimodal distribution was observed for adults regardless of sex. Differences on body mass, lipid, and protein contents were detected among diets; however, more research should be done before any conclusions can be linked to their thermal traits. These findings highlight the importance of considering the ingredients and nutritional makeup of larval diets when optimizing temperature management protocols for mass production of black soldier flies. Conversely, specific diets can be developed to promote survival under extreme rearing temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific and interspecific resource partitioning between bumblebee workers and males related to nectar quantity and quality.","authors":"Xiao-Fang Jin, Zhong-Ming Ye, Yong-Deng He, Chun-Feng Yang, Michael Orr, Arong Luo, Paul Williams, Chao-Dong Zhu","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bumblebees are important pollinators for many natural and agricultural systems in temperate regions. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in floral resource preferences have been proposed to influence bumblebee community structure. In particular, sexual dimorphism is a major source of intraspecific niche variation. Although interspecific resource partitioning is well studied, few studies have explored the intraspecific dynamics between workers and males. Here, we report a study on a total of 11 528 workers and 2220 males of 14 bumblebee species recorded over 5 years in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China. We first compared the potential for interspecific and intraspecific competition between workers and males using visitation records and resource partitioning indices (overlap index). We then evaluated the influence of nectar traits on flower preference, including nectar volume and the levels of hexose, sucrose and 10 essential amino acids (EAAs). We found that the niche overlap between intraspecific workers and males was higher than that between different species, and temporal overlap alone did not strongly determine diet overlap. Males of most species preferred flowers with high levels of EAAs and hexose, whereas workers of some species preferred flowers with high nectar volume and sucrose levels. This study suggests that there is floral resource partitioning among bumblebee species, and between workers and males, which may play a key role in alleviating interspecific and intraspecific competition. These findings also provide a useful guide for which kinds of plants might be most valuable for bumblebees, especially the understudied males, in this biodiversity hotspot.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding behavior and hormoligosis associated with imidacloprid resistance in Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri.","authors":"Xue Dong Chen, Justin George, Lauren M Diepenbrock, Hunter Gossett, Guoping Liu, Jawwad A Qureshi, Lukasz L Stelinski","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13293","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used for managing the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, which serves as vector of phytopathogens causing citrus greening. However, development of resistance to neonicotinoids among populations of D. citri has coincided with occasional control failures in the field. The objectives of this research were to (1) survey current levels of imidacloprid resistance in Florida citrus; (2) compare feeding behavior between imidacloprid-resistant and susceptible D. citri using electrical penetration graph recordings, and (3) investigate the possible amplification of insecticide hormoligosis associated with resistance. Field surveys confirmed that the susceptibility of D. citri populations to imidacloprid has decreased in commercial Florida citrus groves compared with a laboratory-susceptible population. Following 12 generations of selection, resistance to imidacloprid increased by 438 fold compared with the susceptible strain. Imidacloprid-susceptible D. citri feeding on citrus exhibited significantly more bouts associated with intercellular pathway (C), phloem penetration (D), phloem salivation (E1), and nonprobing (Np) activities than imidacloprid-resistant counterparts. However, there were no differences observed in the frequency or duration of phloem ingestion or xylem feeding between susceptible and resistant D. citri. There was no statistical difference in fecundity between resistant and susceptible strains. However, the fecundity of imidacloprid-susceptible female D. citri treated with a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid (LC₂₅) increased significantly compared with controls, while such hormoligosis was less pronounced among imidacloprid-resistant psyllids. Our results suggest that imidacloprid-resistant psyllids may cease feeding sooner than susceptible counterparts following sublethal exposure to this insecticide, indicative of a behavioral resistance mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134648909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}