Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"Magnaporthe oryzae infection triggers rice resistance to brown planthopper through the influence of jasmonic acid on the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.","authors":"Su Chen, Zhihuan Tao, Yanjie Shen, Rui Yang, Siyuan Yan, Zixu Chen, Bo Sun, Xiaofang Yang","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13378","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In agroecosystems, plants are constantly exposed to attack from diverse herbivorous insects and microbes, and infestation with one species may change the plant defense response to other species. In our investigation of the relationships among rice plants, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we observed a significant increase in the resistance of rice treated with rice blast to N. lugens, as evidenced by improved plant survival rates in a small population resistance study. Subsequent transcriptome data analysis revealed that the rice blast fungus can induce the expression of genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) and flavonoid pathways. Similar to the flavonoid pathway, the JA pathway also contains 2 types of genes that exhibit similar and opposite trends in response to N. lugens and rice blast. Among these genes, the osjaz1 mutant and the osmyc2 mutant were phenotypically confirmed to positively and negatively regulate rice resistance to N. lugens and rice blast, respectively. Subsequent mass spectrometry and quantification experiments showed that the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can induce the accumulation of eriodictyol, naringenin and quercetin, as well as the expression of OsF3H, Os4CL5 and OsCHI in the flavonoid pathway. This suggests a close connection between the JA pathway and the flavonoid pathway. However, OsF3'H, which negatively regulates rice resistance to N. lugens and rice blast, did not show increased expression. Phenotypic and molecular experiments confirmed that OsMYC2 can bind to and inhibit the expression of OsF3'H, thus revealing the mechanism of rice resistance to N. lugens after treatment with rice blast. These findings will deepen our understanding of the interactions among rice, N. lugens and rice blast.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"243-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimodal alarm signals modulate responses to monomodal alarm signals in Camponotus modoc carpenter ants.","authors":"Asim Renyard, Gerhard Gries","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13375","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distressed western carpenter ants, Camponotus modoc, produce alarm pheromone and substrate-borne vibrations. The alarm pheromone attracts nestmates but the effects of vibratory signals, or of bimodal pheromonal and vibratory signals, are not known. Worker ants of two Camponotus congeners reportedly stand still (\"freeze\") or run fast in response to engineered drumming vibrations inputted on plastic, but many responses to ant-produced vibratory signals on wood have not yet been investigated. Generally, orientating toward signalers under vertebrate predator attack seems maladaptive and not beneficial to ant colonies. We tested the hypotheses (1) that vibratory alarm signals cause freezing, rapid running but not attraction of nestmates, and (2) that bimodal alarm signals modulate responses to monomodal alarm signals, thereby possibly reducing predation risk. Laser Doppler vibrometry recordings revealed that the ants' vibratory signals readily propagate through ant nest lamellae, and thus quickly inform nest mates of perceived threats. With a speaker modified to record and deliver vibratory signals, we obtained drumming signals of distressed ants on a Douglas fir veneer, and bioassayed signal effects on ants in an arena with a suspended veneer floor. In response playback of vibratory signals, ants ran rapidly, or froze, but did not approach the vibratory signals. Exposed to alarm pheromone, ants frequently visited the pheromone source. However, concurrently exposed to both alarm pheromone and vibratory signals, ants visited the pheromone source less often but spent more time \"frozen.\" The ants' modulated responses to bimodal signals seem adaptive but the reproductive fitness benefits are still to be quantified.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"343-355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long non-coding RNAs as promising targets for controlling disease vector mosquitoes.","authors":"Yujiao Han, Qian Pu, Ting Fan, Tianqi Wei, Yankun Xu, Lu Zhao, Shiping Liu","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13383","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematophagous female mosquitoes are important vectors of numerous devastating human diseases, posing a major public health threat. Effective prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases rely considerably on progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of various life activities, and accordingly, the molecules that regulate the various life activities of mosquitoes are potential targets for implementing future vector control strategies. Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in mosquitoes and significant progress has been made in determining their functions. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the research advances on mosquito lncRNAs, including their molecular identification, function, and interaction with other non-coding RNAs, as well as their synergistic regulatory roles in mosquito life activities. We also highlight the potential roles of competitive endogenous RNAs in mosquito growth and development, as well as in insecticide resistance and virus-host interactions. Insights into the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in mosquito life activities, viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmission will contribute to the development of novel drugs and safe vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"24-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-role regulator of a novel miR-3040 in photoperiod-mediated wing dimorphism and wing development in green peach aphid.","authors":"Yun-Hui Zhang, Xin Qian, Xin Zong, Shi-Heng An, Shuo Yan, Jie Shen","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13377","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wing dimorphism is regarded as an important phenotypic plasticity involved in the migration and reproduction of aphids. However, the signal transduction and regulatory mechanism of wing dimorphism in aphids are still unclear. Herein, the optimal environmental conditions were first explored for inducing winged offspring of green peach aphid, and the short photoperiod was the most important environmental cue to regulate wing dimorphism. Compared to 16 L:8 D photoperiod, the proportion of winged offspring increased to 90% under 8 L:16 D photoperiod. Subsequently, 5 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in aphids treated with long and short photoperiods were identified using small RNA sequencing, and a novel miR-3040 was identified as a vital miRNA involved in photoperiod-mediated wing dimorphism. More specifically, the inhibition of miR-3040 expression could reduce the proportion of winged offspring induced by short photoperiod, whereas its activation increased the proportion of winged offspring under long photoperiod. Meanwhile, the expression level of miR-3040 in winged aphids was about 2.5 times that of wingless aphids, and the activation or inhibition of miR-3040 expression could cause wing deformity, revealing the dual-role regulator of miR-3040 in wing dimorphism and wing development. In summary, the current study identified the key environmental cue for wing dimorphism in green peach aphid, and the first to demonstrate the dual-role regulator of miR-3040 in photoperiod-mediated wing dimorphism and wing development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"80-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musashi orchestrates melanism in Laodelphax striatellus.","authors":"Zeping Mao, Biyun Wang, Youyuan Chen, Jinjun Ying, Haiqiang Wang, Junmin Li, Chuanxi Zhang, Jichong Zhuo","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13372","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In insects, melanism, a fundamental pigmentation process, is of significant importance in evolutionary biology due to its complex genetic foundation. We investigated the role of the RNA-binding gene Musashi (msi) in melanism in Laodelphax striatellus, a Hemiptera species. We identified a single L. striatellus msi homolog, Lsmsi, encoding a 357 amino acid protein with 2 RNA recognition motifs. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LsMsi resulted in complete body melanism and increased cuticular permeability. Additionally, we found the involvement of G protein-coupled receptor A42 and tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) in L. striatellus melanism. Knockdown of LsTh lightened the epidermis, showing dehydration signs, while LsA42 knockdown enhanced LsTh expression, leading to melanism. Surprisingly, Lsmsi knockdown decreased both LsA42 and LsTh expression, which was expected to cause whitening but resulted in melanism. Further, we found that Lsmsi influenced downstream genes like phenoloxidase homolog LsPo and dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) homolog LsDdc in the tyrosine-mediated melanism pathway. Extending to Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, we demonstrated the conserved role of msi in melanism among Delphacidae. Given MSI proteins' roles in cancer and tumors in vertebrates, our study is the first to link msi in insects to Delphacidae body color melanization via the tyrosine-mediated pathway, offering fresh perspectives on the genetic basis of insect melanism and msi functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"140-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The circadian clock affects starvation resistance through the pentose phosphate pathway in silkworm, Bombyx mori.","authors":"Tai-Ming Dai, Jian-Feng Qiu, Cheng Luo, Wen-Zhao Cui, Kai Liu, Jiang-Lan Li, Ruji Peng, Yang-Hu Sima, Shi-Qing Xu","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13381","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disruption of the circadian clock can affect starvation resistance, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we found that starvation resistance was significantly reduced in the core gene BmPer deficient mutant silkworms (Per^-/-), but the mutant's starvation resistance increased with larval age. Under natural physiological conditions, the weight of mutant 5th instar larvae was significantly increased compared to wild type, and the accumulation ability of triglycerides and glycogen in the fat bodies was upregulated. However, under starvation conditions, the weight consumption of mutant larvae was increased and cholesterol utilization was intensified. Transcriptome analysis showed that beta-oxidation was significantly upregulated under starvation conditions, fatty acid synthesis was inhibited, and the expression levels of genes related to mitochondrial function were significantly changed. Further investigations revealed that the redox balance, which is closely related to mitochondrial metabolism, was altered in the fat bodies, the antioxidant level was increased, and the pentose phosphate pathway, the source of reducing power in cells, was activated. Our findings suggest that one of the reasons for the increased energy burden observed in mutants is the need to maintain a more robust redox balance in metabolic tissues. This necessitates the diversion of more glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway to ensure an adequate supply of reducing power.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic exposure alters the honeybee gut microbiota and may interfere with the honeybee behavioral caste transition.","authors":"Zijing Zhang, Xiaohuan Mu, Qina Cao, Yifan Zhai, Li Zheng, Yan Liu, Hao Zheng, Xue Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13374","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioral division is essential for the sustainability and reproduction of honeybee populations. While accumulating evidence has documented that antibiotic exposure interferes with bee behavioral divisions, how the gut microbiome, host physiology, and genetic regulation are implicated in this process remains understudied. Here, by constructing single-cohort colonies, we validated that the gut microbiota varied in composition between age-matched nurse and forager bees. Perturbing the gut microbiota with a low dose of antibiotic retained the gut bacterial size, but the structure of the microbial community continuously diverged from the control group after antibiotic treatment. Fewer foragers were observed in the antibiotic groups in the field experiment. A combinatorial effect of decreased gut metabolic gene repertoires, reduced brain neurotransmitter titers, and downregulated brain immune genes could potentially be related to behavioral tasks transition delay. This work indicates that the disturbance to both the gut microbiome and host physiologies after antibiotic exposure may have implications on social behavior development, highlighting the need for further research focusing on antibiotic pollution threatening the honeybee population's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"260-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive framework for the delimitation of species within the Bemisia tabaci cryptic complex, a global pest-species group.","authors":"Hua-Ling Wang, Teng Lei, Xiao-Wei Wang, Stephen Cameron, Jesús Navas-Castillo, Yin-Quan Liu, M N Maruthi, Christopher A Omongo, Hélène Delatte, Kyeong-Yeoll Lee, Renate Krause-Sakate, James Ng, Susan Seal, Elvira Fiallo-Olivé, Kathryn Bushley, John Colvin, Shu-Sheng Liu","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13361","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying cryptic species poses a substantial challenge to both biologists and naturalists due to morphological similarities. Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex containing more than 44 putative species; several of which are currently among the world's most destructive crop pests. Interpreting and delimiting the evolution of this species complex has proved problematic. To develop a comprehensive framework for species delimitation and identification, we evaluated the performance of distinct data sources both individually and in combination among numerous samples of the B. tabaci species complex acquired worldwide. Distinct datasets include full mitogenomes, single-copy nuclear genes, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, geographic range, host speciation, and reproductive compatibility datasets. Phylogenetically, our well-supported topologies generated from three dense molecular markers highlighted the evolutionary divergence of species of the B. tabaci complex and suggested that the nuclear markers serve as a more accurate representation of B. tabaci species diversity. Reproductive compatibility datasets facilitated the identification of at least 17 different cryptic species within our samples. Native geographic range information provides a complementary assessment of species recognition, while the host range datasets provide low rate of delimiting resolution. We further summarized different data performances in species classification when compared with reproductive compatibility, indicating that combination of mtCOI divergence, nuclear markers, geographic range provide a complementary assessment of species recognition. Finally, we represent a model for understanding and untangling the cryptic species complexes based on the evidence from this study and previously published articles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"321-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate triggers aggregation and tunneling preference of Formosan subterranean termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) and enhances the effectiveness of fipronil.","authors":"Wasim Javaid, Ting Zhu, Weiwen Chen, Zhidong Zhang, Tairu Zeng, Haroon, Cai Wang","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our previous study shows that Coptotermes formosanus (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) preferred to stay on filter paper treated with ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate, a metabolite in the soil fungus Trichoderma virens. Here, we hypothesized that adding ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate in sand could trigger aggregation and tunneling preferences of C. formosanus and improve the effectiveness of liquid termiticide. In aggregation-choice tests, significantly more termites were found on/in sand blocks containing ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate (250 µg/g) than untreated blocks throughout the 24-h experiments. In the tunneling-choice tests, termites also excavated significantly more tunnels in the sand treated with ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate (2.5, 25, or 250 µg/g) than untreated sand. However, in no-choice tests, ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate (2.5, 25, or 250 µg/g) did not significantly affect tunneling activities, termite survival, wood consumption, or activities of detoxification enzymes (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) compared to controls. Interestingly, in aggregation- and tunneling-choice tests, termites preferred to stay and made more tunnels in sand treated with both ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate (250 µg/g) and fipronil (1 µg/g) than untreated sand. In addition, in choice tests, sand treated with the combination of ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate (250 µg/g) and fipronil (1 µg/g) caused significantly higher termite mortality than the sand treated with only fipronil (1 µg/g). Our study showed that ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate may enhance the effectiveness of fipronil (1 µg/g in sand) by triggering aggregation and tunneling preferences of termites, thereby increasing the contact between termites and fipronil.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular evidence for the role of the ovipositor of the fall armyworm: Where to lay or not to lay?","authors":"Yong Xiao, Chun-Mei Lei, Fei Yin, Zheng-Ke Peng, Yong-Jun Zhang, Myron P Zalucki, Zhen-Yu Li","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oviposition behavior in insects has received considerable attention, but studies have mainly focused on the antennae, neglecting the role of the ovipositor. In this study, we investigated the functional characteristics of the ovipositor in oviposition site selection by the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, a destructive invasive pest of maize and other cereals. In oviposition choice assays females exhibited significant repellency to isothiocyanate (ITC), volatiles specific to non-preferred cruciferous plants. Females retained repellency to ITC or attraction to maize volatiles even after antennae removal. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the presence of olfactory-associated sensilla on the ovipositor. Comparative transcriptome analysis and in vitro functional studies showed that S. frugiperda odorant binding protein 30 (SfruOBP30), exclusively expressed in the ovipositor, displayed a broad sensitivity toward 18 maize volatiles and 10 ITC compounds. Site-directed mutant assay revealed that Ser71 and Ser85 were the key binding sites for SfruOBP30 interacting with ITCs and key maize volatiles, respectively. Silencing the expression of SfruOBP30 resulted in the loss of bias in oviposition of FAW, significantly inhibiting their ability to avoid ITCs and locate the maize substrate. Overall, we propose that the ovipositor does not just seek out advantageous conditions for immature stages but more importantly, avoids potential risks during the oviposition process. Apparently, the involvement of SfruOBP30 plays a critical role in detecting both beneficial and harmful substances during this intricate process.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}