Inorganica Chimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Physicochemical properties and anticancer activity of copper complexes [Cu(L-Leu-L-Phe)] and [Cu(L-Phe-L-Leu)]","authors":"Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuhong Du ,&nbsp;Jun Jiang ,&nbsp;Ke Shi ,&nbsp;Yunxia Guo ,&nbsp;Shuli Xing ,&nbsp;Jiehu Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate how the sequence of dipeptide isomers (L-Phe-L-Leu and L-Leu-L-Phe) influences the physicochemical properties and anticancer activity of their copper complexes, two complexes [Cu(L-Leu-L-Phe)] (<strong>1</strong>) and [Cu(L-Phe-L-Leu)] (<strong>2</strong>) were prepared using a method modified from literatures. The complexes were characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and IR spectroscopy. Assessments included optical rotation, UV–Vis spectra, and antiproliferative activity against the human esophageal carcinoma cell line Ec9706.<!--> <!-->Both complexes exhibit similar UV–Vis spectra and thermal stability but differ in specific optical rotation (<strong>1</strong>: 862.3; <strong>2:</strong> 476.3). In anticancer assays, complex <strong>1</strong> (<em>IC₅₀</em> = = 45.7, 95 % CI 37.2–55.9 μM) showed stronger activity against Ec9706 cells than complex <strong>2</strong> (<em>IC₅₀</em> = 71.4, 95 % CI 66.8–76.8 μM), with both showing an antiproliferative effect. These findings provide a basis for developing peptide-based anticancer agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methoxy-derivatized Pybox supports unique coordination structures in Ln(III) complexes","authors":"Ana de Bettencourt-Dias ,&nbsp;Patrick S. Barber ,&nbsp;Subha Viswanathan ,&nbsp;George Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attempts at isolating complexes with a 2:1 ligand-to-metal ion stoichiometry for the ligand PyboxOMe led to a new Ce(III) complex with the expected stoichiometry, [Ce(PyboxOMe)₂(NO₃)₃], where the metal ion has a coordination number of 12 in a distorted icosahedral geometry. However, in the case of other, smaller Ln(III) ions, four new complexes with a formal 3:2 ligand-to-metal stoichiometry were isolated, where one metal ion is surrounded by three PyboxOMe ligands, [Ln(PyboxOMe)₃]³⁺ (Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb, Er), with a pseudo-<em>D</em>_<em>3</em> symmetry around the metal ion, a coordination number of 9 and a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. A counter-anion is present, in which a second metal ion is bound to six bidentate nitrato anions, [Ln(NO₃)₆]³⁻ for Ln = Eu, Gd, or to five bidentate nitrato anions in [Tb(NO₃)₅]²⁻, or to a mixture of bidentate and monodentate nitrato anions in [Er(NO₃)₆]²⁻. In addition to the slight decrease in Ln(III) ion size and ligand steric requirements, structural changes in these complexes along the Ln(III) series were attributed to crystal packing effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of recent advances in CC bond formation catalyzed by Palladium Schiff base complexes","authors":"Mehdi Fallah-Mehrjardi ,&nbsp;Hadi Kargar ,&nbsp;Khurram Shahzad Munawar","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of carbon‑carbon bonds is an essential process in organic syntheses, but achieving these transformations without catalysts remains difficult. To address this, various catalytic systems have been developed. Initially, phosphine-based ligands were widely used; however, their toxicity and instability prompted a shift toward Schiff base complexes, which offer advantages such as ease of synthesis, stability, and versatility. Notably, palladium-based Schiff base complexes have gained significant recognition due to their efficiency in key reactions like Mizoroki-Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille, and Sonogashira couplings. This review focuses on the use of both homogeneous and heterogeneous Pd-Schiff base complexes in carbon‑carbon cross-coupling reactions, with an emphasis on advancements made since 2020.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of L-cysteine, DL-homocysteine and glutathione by trans-(diaqua)(salen)manganese(III) complex in aqueous medium: Structure optimization at the DFT level: Influence of externally added copper(II)","authors":"Akshaya K. Kar ,&nbsp;Guru C. Pradhan ,&nbsp;Achyuta N. Acharya ,&nbsp;Himansu S. Biswal ,&nbsp;Anadi C. Dash","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The kinetics of oxidation of L-cysteine (cys) by <em>trans</em>-Mn^III(salen)(OH₂)₂⁺ (H₂salen = <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>′-bis(salicylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine) is studied at 30.0–45.0 °C, 1.90 ≤ pH ≤ 7.46, <em>I</em> = 0.3 mol dm⁻³, and the same is investigated for DL-homocysteine (Hcys) at 35 °C for comparison. Similarly, kinetic studies are performed for glutathione (GSH) at 30.0–45. 0 °C, 4.35 ≤ pH ≤ 7.46. The product analysis indicated the formation of corresponding disulphides, and Mn^III is reduced to Mn^II. The same products are also formed when the oxidation is carried out in the presence of externally added Cu²⁺ ions. Although the oxidation is moderately catalyzed in the presence of Cu²⁺ ions but it is retarded by the chelating ligand EDTA. The stoichiometric ratio <span><math><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi>Mn</mi><mi>III</mi></msup><mfenced><mtext>salen</mtext></mfenced><msubsup><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></mfenced><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>:</mo><mo>∆</mo><mfenced><mi>X</mi></mfenced><mo>=</mo></math></span> 1:1 (X = cys, Hcys, and GSH). The reaction proceeds via fast equilibrium pre-association inner-sphere complexes between <em>trans</em>-Mn^III(salen)(OH₂)₂⁺ and X, followed by very slow intramolecular electron transfer steps. The kinetic parameters for various steps for cys, Hcys, and GSH are presented. The results indicate an outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism for the reduction of Mn^III to Mn^II. The DFT-optimized structures supported the carboxylate mode of binding and the ground state structural <em>trans</em> effect for all the species. In addition, it supports a proton-controlled electron transfer process (PCET).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the potential of click synthesized 1,2,3-triazole as an anticancer agent via in vivo, molecular docking and MD simulation approaches and its aptitude as plant growth regulator on Cajanus cajan","authors":"Gurjaspreet Singh ,&nbsp;Mithun ,&nbsp;Devina Sharma ,&nbsp;Vikas ,&nbsp;Daizy Rani Batish ,&nbsp;Amrit Pal ,&nbsp;Baljinder Singh Gill ,&nbsp;Deepanjali Baliyan ,&nbsp;Brij Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the standard management of invasive cervical cancer, radical surgery or radiotherapy are typically employed. As a consequence of these treatments, the possibility of childbearing is eliminated. Nonetheless, a fertility-preserving alternative, such as radical trachelectomy, has proven to be successful, given adherence to stringent selection criteria. A more conventional approach with high fertility rates and low recurrence rates to deal with cervical tumor is necessary. In this research, new 1,2,3-triazoles <strong>5(a-c)</strong> were synthesized utilizing click chemistry approach and their structures were well characterized using NMR (¹H and ¹³C), FT-IR and mass spectrometry techniques. The efficacy of compound <strong>5a</strong> against cervical cancer was tested, revealing a significant reduction in cell viability to 65.13 % compared to untreated control cells. Additionally, the impact of compound <strong>5a</strong> on the germination, growth, and physiological responses of <em>Cajanus cajan</em> (<em>C. cajan</em>) was investigated, highlighting its optimal effects at a concentration of 10 mg/L. The possible attachment of the HPV 16 anti-cancer protein to compound <strong>5a</strong> was explained using molecular docking, revealing notable outcomes with an excellent binding energy of −7.68 kcal/mol. The stability of the interaction between compound <strong>5a</strong> and HPV 16 was further assessed through molecular dynamics simulation. The results obtained from the compound <strong>5a</strong>'s studies suggest its potential as a promising anticancer agent and a possible plant growth regulator in future applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallographic insight and visible-light photodecolorization efficiency of a distinctive pentacoordinated zinc(II) porphyrin complex","authors":"Mohamed Achraf Bouicha ,&nbsp;Imen Zguir ,&nbsp;Frédérique Loiseau ,&nbsp;Mohamed Khalfaoui ,&nbsp;Habib Nasri","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A distinctive zinc(II) metalloporphyrin complex, formulated as [Zn(TMFPP)(4-CNpy)]•C₆H₅Cl•C₆H₁₄ (complex <strong>I</strong>), was synthesized and thoroughly examined through a combination of techniques, including elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Its molecular structure was unambiguously determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a five-coordinate zinc center with 4-cyanopyridine occupying the axial position. The complex was evaluated as a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for the decolorization of Acid Red 52 (AR52) dye in aqueous solution. It demonstrated significant photocatalytic activity, achieving a decolorization efficiency of 74 %, with a corresponding rate constant <em>k</em> = 0.00759 min⁻¹ and correlation coefficient R² = 0.9976, indicating a good fit to the applied kinetic model. Additionally, the effects of various experimental parameters including pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, and catalyst mass were assessed to better understand their roles in influencing the decolorization process. Scavenger experiments confirmed that superoxide radicals (^•O₂⁻) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) are the primary reactive oxygen species responsible for the photodecolorization of AR52. These findings underline the promise of this zinc porphyrin complex as an effective photocatalyst for environmental remediation under visible-light irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare-earth metal complexes with 4-methylbenzoic acid and 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine: crystal structures, thermal behavior, luminescence, and DFT analysis","authors":"Ruo-Bing Zhou ,&nbsp;Jin-Jin Zhao ,&nbsp;Ning Ren ,&nbsp;Zhan-Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian-Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article reports six new rare-earth complexes formed by coordinating 4-methylbenzoic acid combined with 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine with six rare-earth metal ions (Dy, Ho, Er, La, Ce, Nd,). X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals revealed two distinct structural types of complexes: the Dy, Ho, and Er complexes exhibit mononuclear structures, while the La, Ce, and Nd complexes form dinuclear structures. FT-IR and Raman spectra were employed to analyze the chemical bonds and vibrational modes of the complexes in detail, confirming the coordination between the ligands and metal ions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) further verified the crystal structures of the complexes and provided information on their unit cell parameters and space groups. The thermal decomposition behavior and pyrolysis products of six complexes were systematically analyzed by TG-DTG-DSC/FTIR/GC–MS combined methods. Furthermore, together with density functional theory (DFT) computations, the mechanism of energy migration from ligands towards rare-earth ions was elucidated, and the luminescence properties of the Dy³⁺ complex was examined. The results indicate that these complexes undergo multi-stage decomposition and release characteristic gas products when heated. Additionally, the luminescence characteristics of the Dy complex were explored: when excited by ultraviolet light, the complex displays unique Dy³⁺ emission bands at the specific wavelengths of 480 nm and 575 nm, and they are respectively attributed to the energy - level transitions of ⁴F₉/₂ → ⁶H₁₅/₂ and ⁴F₉/₂ → ⁶H₁₃/₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic properties and antioxidant activities of a binuclear ruthenium(II) complex with bis-bidentate N2O2 Schiff base ligand","authors":"Zhi-Cui Zhang,&nbsp;Tian-Tian Sun,&nbsp;Yi-Jie Li,&nbsp;Ai-Quan Jia,&nbsp;Qian-Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of bidentate N₂O₂ Schiff base ligands and a new binuclear ruthenium(II) complex with a Schiff base ligand were successfully synthesized. The molecular structures of bis-bidentate N₂O₂ Schiff base ligands <strong>H</strong>_{<strong>2</strong>}<strong>L</strong>^{<strong>1</strong>} (4,4’-Sulfonylbis(<em>N</em>-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)aniline)), <strong>H</strong>_{<strong>2</strong>}<strong>L</strong>^{<strong>2</strong>} (4,4’-Sulfonylbis(<em>N</em>-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorobenzylidene)aniline)), <strong>H</strong>_{<strong>2</strong>}<strong>L</strong>^{<strong>3</strong>} (4,4’-Sulfonylbis(<em>N</em>-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dibromobenzylidene)aniline)) and <strong>L</strong>^{<strong>1</strong>}<strong>-Ru</strong>_{<strong>2</strong>} (<strong>L</strong>^{<strong>1</strong>}[Ru(<em>CO</em>)H(PPh₃)₂]₂) were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and characterized by IR, NMR, and UV–vis spectroscopy along with microanalyses. The Ru(II) complex has N₂O₂ metal binding sites that are interconnected by biphenyl-sulfone bridge. The crystal structures of <strong>H</strong>_{<strong>2</strong>}<strong>L</strong>^{<strong>1–3</strong>} adopt the anti-closed conformer. The ruthenium atoms in the binuclear neutral complex species have identical coordination octahedron environments, RuNOP₂HCl. Furthermore, antioxidant activity and photocatalytic property of the Ru(II) complex was also investigated, exhibiting high antioxidant activity and stable photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122917"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pyridine- Thioether based colorimetric sensor for selective detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions in aqueous media","authors":"Kalpesh V. Patil ,&nbsp;Prashant A. Patil ,&nbsp;Suban K. Sahoo ,&nbsp;Chullikkattil P. Pradeep ,&nbsp;Umesh D. Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple pyridine based colorimetric receptor 3,3-bis(methylthio)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (<strong>BPP</strong>) was synthesized and its cations sensing ability was investigated. In UV–Vis absorption study, the receptor <strong>BPP</strong> showed an excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ over other tested metal cations (Ag⁺, Al³⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cs⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sr²⁺and Zn²⁺) with the detection limit down to 1.13 μM (Cu²⁺) and 1.15 μM (Hg²⁺). Colorimetrically, the receptor <strong>BPP</strong> showed a selective visual color change from colorless to dark yellow only in the presence of Hg²⁺. The receptor <strong>BPP</strong> was applied for the detection of Hg²⁺ by test paper strip and supported silica method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122918"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in PEPPSI–themed palladium NHC complexes: Applications ranging from homogeneous catalysis to electrocatalysis","authors":"Nalluchamy Muniyappan,&nbsp;Srinivasa Budagumpi","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2025.122915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N–heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have garnered significant interest particularly among theorists and organometallic chemists due to their structural diversity and ability to bind with almost every transition metal atom. However, their remarkable potential as catalysts and nucleophilic reagents is less widely recognized. Palladium catalysed reactions enable diverse organic transformations under mild reaction conditions with quantitative yields of the desired products, making them highly valuable. Traditionally, phosphorus-based ligands and catalysts have influenced the catalysis domain; however, their exorbitant prices, and susceptibility to degradation towards air and moisture exploits their practical application. These challenges have driven the exploration for robust and cost-effective alternatives with NHCs in combination with palladium gaining prominence for their remarkable stability and σ–donating properties. These Pd–NHC complexes have emerged as novel and versatile nucleophilic entities, representing as one of the most effective classes in organometallic chemistry. Within this category Pyridine Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation, (PEPPSI) type Pd complexes have attracted significant attention as efficient substitutes for phosphine-based Pd counterparts, their inherent air– and moisture– stability, combined with exceptional catalytic activity, mainly in cross–coupling and other key organic transformations, has further solidified their prominence in modern catalysis. Pd-PEPPSI complexes possess a pyridine molecule as a labile ligand (through-away entity), which facilitates substrates to bind with the metal centre and thereby renders the transformation reaction. The strong σ–donor facets of NHCs have led to their greater use as supporting ligands in organometallic chemistry predominantly in the industry sector relevant catalytic processes. Beyond their widespread application in catalysis, Pd–NHC complexes have also garnered increasing attention in materials science, explicitly for their potential applications as Pd–NHC complexes, with a focus on recent literature detailing their synthesis, structural diversity, and catalytic applications in both organic transformations as well as in electrocatalytic water splitting reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 122915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}