Infectious Diseases and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Respiratory Virus Vaccines: Pathways to Recommendations and Enhanced Coverage for At-Risk Populations.","authors":"Stefania Maggi, Odile Launay, Rachel Dawson","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01082-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01082-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While marked differences exist between influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is substantial overlap in the vulnerability of populations most at risk for severe disease following infection, chief among them being advanced age, multiple comorbidities, and immunocompromise. Vaccination is an established and effective preventative strategy to protect against respiratory viral infections (RVIs), reducing morbidity and mortality, minimizing the potential for long-term complications, and mitigating exacerbation of existing health conditions. Despite the demonstrated benefits of immunization throughout the life course and recommendations by health authorities, coverage rates of at-risk populations against vaccine-preventable diseases remain suboptimal and vary considerably by country and demographic strata. The objective of this supplement's concluding article is to discuss the current barriers to vaccination and strategies to enhance coverage against RVIs among adult at-risk populations. Identified barriers include low awareness of the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases, low perceived benefits of vaccination, and doubts regarding vaccine safety, which together contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, logistical issues related to vaccine supply, access, and costs present further challenges in achieving optimal coverage. Potential strategies to overcome these barriers and improve uptake include strengthening and harmonizing immunization guidelines and improving respiratory disease surveillance systems to appropriately identify needs and direct resources. Co-administration or use of combination vaccines against multiple viruses may be a viable strategy to enhance coverage by simplifying schedules and improving access, together with future utilization of enhanced vaccine platforms to develop novel vaccines. In addition, vaccination-focused healthcare provider training and consumer education are recommended to address vaccine hesitancy. Reaching vaccination targets and expanding coverage in adult at-risk populations are increasingly achievable with the availability of new and updated vaccination strategies for respiratory viruses, but will require collective efforts across providers, policymakers, scientists, health officials, and the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of mRNA-1273.815 Against COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Adults Aged ≥ 18 Years in the United States.","authors":"Amanda Wilson, Neloufar Rahai, Ekkehard Beck, Elisha Beebe, Brian Conroy, Daina Esposito, Priya Govil, Hagit Kopel, Tianyi Lu, James Mansi, Morgan A Marks, Katherine E Mues, Rohan Shah, Michelle Skornicki, Tianyu Sun, Astra Toyip, Mitra Yousefi, David Martin, Andre B Araujo","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01091-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01091-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In September 2023 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an updated mRNA COVID-19 vaccine targeting the XBB.1.5 sublineage. This study evaluates the effectiveness of mRNA-1273.815, a 2023-2024 Omicron XBB.1.5-containing mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in preventing COVID-19-related hospitalizations and medically attended COVID-19 in US adults aged ≥ 18 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational, matched cohort study used medical and pharmacy claims data from HealthVerity. Adults vaccinated with mRNA-1273.815 between September 12, 2023, and December 31, 2023, were followed through January 26, 2024. Vaccinated individuals were matched with individuals unvaccinated with any 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine on demographic and clinical characteristics. The primary and secondary outcomes were COVID-19 hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19, respectively. Inverse probability of treatment weighting and Cox proportional hazards regression were utilized to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 1,272,161 vaccinated individuals matched 1:1 with unvaccinated individuals, with a maximum follow-up of 128 (median 84) days. The VE against COVID-19 hospitalization was 51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48-54%). Subgroup analyses showed a VE of 56% (95% CI 51-61%) among adults ≥ 65 years and 46% (95% CI 39-52%) in immunocompromised adults. For medically attended COVID-19, the VE was 25% (95% CI 24-27%). Time-varying analyses showed that while VE declined over time, VE remained significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the 2023-2024 respiratory season, the mRNA-1273.815 vaccine significantly protected against COVID-19-related hospitalizations and medically attended COVID-19 across diverse adult populations and demonstrated durability of the effect. These results support the continued use of updated COVID-19 vaccines to mitigate severe outcomes and maintain public health safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"199-216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in China, 2014-2021.","authors":"Hanli Wang, Shirong Li, Haoyu Ji, Yixin Hu, Susheng Zhou, Xingwu Chen, Zhiwei Lu, Qinghai You, Yusheng Cheng, Lei Zha","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01099-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01099-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen associated with various nosocomial infections and is known for its intrinsic multidrug resistance. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and resistance patterns of S. maltophilia in China from 2014 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS) and the Blood Bacterial Resistance Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS), encompassing 1412 medical institutions across 31 provinces in China. We analyzed the prevalence of S. maltophilia in clinical isolates, focusing on specific patient populations and departments, as well as resistance profiles to recommended first-line antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, levofloxacin, and minocycline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 514,768 S. maltophilia strains were analyzed. The overall prevalence of S. maltophilia among all clinical bacterial isolates remained stable at approximately 2.1%, with higher rates observed in intensive care units and elderly patients. Resistance rates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim decreased from 9.8% in 2014 to 7.5% in 2021. In contrast, resistance to levofloxacin showed a slight upward trend, increasing from 8.5% in 2014 to 9.5% in 2021. Meanwhile, minocycline resistance remained low, fluctuating marginally from 2.7% in 2014 to 1.7% in 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the stable prevalence of S. maltophilia in clinical settings in China and the overall low resistance rates to recommended first-line antibiotics. However, alarmingly high resistance rates were observed in specific specimen types, particularly in blood cultures, suggesting that minocycline may be the only reliable therapeutic option among the six tested antibiotics for treating such infections in China. Continuous surveillance and effective infection control measures are essential to manage S. maltophilia infections, particularly in vulnerable populations. Future research should focus on measuring the true burden of these infections and monitoring the susceptibility of the newly introduced antibiotics, such as cefiderocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"261-274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Treatment for Japanese Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis.","authors":"Takahiro Takazono, Yoshiyuki Saito, Masato Tashiro, Masataka Yoshida, Kazuaki Takeda, Shotaro Ide, Naoki Iwanaga, Naoki Hosogaya, Noriho Sakamoto, Hiroshi Mukae, Koichi Izumikawa","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01094-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01094-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the ongoing efforts to refine treatment durations and methods for patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, the clinical use of antifungal agents remains unclear. This study aimed to describe the treatment practices, trajectories, and prognoses of newly diagnosed patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a longitudinal database from hospitals in Japan was used. The target population included patients who started antifungal treatment following their initial diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary aspergilloma, or chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis between October 2015 and September 2017. We described patient characteristics and treatment practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 680 patients analyzed, 253 (37.2%), 231 (34.0%), 155 (22.8%), 31 (4.6%), and 10 (1.5%) patients received the initial treatment with voriconazole, itraconazole, micafungin, caspofungin, and liposomal amphotericin B, respectively. Over 50% of the patients initially treated with micafungin or caspofungin switched to azoles within a month. Of the patients treated with antifungal agents, only 46.8% continued treatment for 6 months, indicating a lower retention rate. The overall mortality rate at 1 year was 24.7%. The median treatment duration of initial treatment until switching was 83 days (interquartile range [IQR], 159) for voriconazole and 162 days (IQR, 310) for itraconazole, indicating a significant variation in treatment duration. Notably, 15.7% (76/484) of the patients underwent a treatment switch between voriconazole and itraconazole in the initial azole treatment group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the challenges associated with sustaining long-term antifungal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"245-259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Claims Data Analysis on the Burden of COVID-19-Related Hospitalization in Adults at High Risk for Severe Disease Progression in Germany.","authors":"Timotheus Stremel, Svitlana Schnaidt, Nicole Bihrer, Emma Fröling, Christian Jacob, Agnes Kisser","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01088-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01088-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Individuals at increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression have a higher probability of being hospitalized. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) is an antiviral drug aiming to prevent severe disease courses. Our study aimed to assess the resource utilization and costs of adults hospitalized for COVID-19 at high risk for severe disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted using German claims data. The presence of high-risk criteria was determined through recorded diagnoses, operations, procedures, and prescriptions. Individuals at high risk for severe COVID-19 progression, primarily hospitalized for COVID-19, required a recorded diagnosis for COVID-19 and additionally a diagnosis of sepsis, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, or a remdesivir prescription. Patients were grouped by eligibility for NMV/r treatment (eligible, eligible with restrictions, and not eligible). The outcomes of interest were reported for the timeframe of the last dominant virus variant available in the database, i.e., Delta (June 21, 2021 to December 31, 2021).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of approximately 3.7 million individuals continuously observable in the database, about 60% were identified as being at high risk for severe COVID-19 progression. Among high-risk individuals, 2938 patients were primarily hospitalized for COVID-19 between June 21, 2021, and December 31, 2021, two-thirds of which were suitable for NMV/r treatment (half without restrictions). Advanced age (86.3%) and cardiovascular conditions (83.9%) were the most prevalent of the predefined risk factors. Identified patients stayed, on average, 11.3 days in hospital, with inpatient mortality of 18.9%. These COVID-19-related hospitalizations resulted in mean healthcare costs of €8728.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reflects the economic burden of hospitalized adult individuals with COVID-19 at high risk for severe disease progression from payer's perspective in Germany. Our findings highlight the need to prevent severe disease courses and associated hospitalizations to relieve healthcare systems regarding costs and resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"149-165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Severe COVID-19 with Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab in Hematological Patients Treated with Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies: An International Multicenter Study.","authors":"Hovav Azuly, Tali Shafat, Daniel Grupel, Tzvika Porges, Ran Abuhasira, Ana Belkin, Ofir Deri, Yonatan Oster, Shadi Zahran, Ehud Horwitz, Netanel A Horowitz, Hazim Khatib, Marjorie Vieira Batista, Anita Cassoli Cortez, Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Yafit Segman, Linor Ishay, Regev Cohen, Alaa Atamna, Amy Spallone, Roy F Chemaly, Juan Carlos Ramos, Michal Chowers, Evgeny Rogozin, Noga Carmi Oren, Şiran Keske, Orit Wolfovitz Barchad, Lior Nesher","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01089-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01089-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the declining public health emergency status, COVID-19 still poses significant risks, especially for immunocompromised individuals. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tixagevimab-cilgavimab (T-C) prophylaxis in preventing severe COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) treated with anti-CD20 therapy during the early Omicron variant phase of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV) conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study involving 15 centers from 5 countries. The study included 749 patients with HM treated with anti-CD20 between February 15 and June 30, 2022, comparing 215 who received T-C prophylaxis to 534 who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed a significant reduction in the risk of COVID-19 among patients who received T-C prophylaxis compared to those who did not (11.2% vs 23.4%, p < 0.001), with hazard ratio (HR) of 0.40 (95% CI 0.26-0.63), adjusted for age, sex, vaccination status, baseline HM malignancy and type of anti-CD-20. We also demonstrated a reduction for severe-critical diseases within all study populations, 1.4% vs 5.2%, p = 0.017, HR 0.26 (95% CI 0.08-0.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T-C prophylaxis effectively prevented COVID-19 and severe-critical COVID-19 in patients with HM treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies during the early Omicron variant phase of the pandemic. Even though T-C is ineffective against current variants, these findings highlight the importance of additional protective measures and the continued development of monoclonal antibodies to protect immunocompromised individuals to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and other respiratory viral diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 with Consideration of Older Adults: A Narrative Review.","authors":"William P Hanage, William Schaffner","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01080-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01080-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are acute respiratory infections (ARIs) that can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among at-risk individuals, including older adults. In this narrative review, we summarize themes identified in the literature regarding the epidemiology, seasonality, immunity after infection, clinical presentation, and transmission for these ARIs, along with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on seasonal patterns of influenza and RSV infections, with consideration of data specific to older adults when available. As the older adult population increases globally, it is of paramount importance to fully characterize the true disease burden of ARIs in order to develop appropriate mitigation strategies to minimize their impact in vulnerable populations. Challenges associated with characterizing the burden of these diseases include the shared symptomology and clinical presentation of influenza virus, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, which complicate accurate diagnosis and highlight the need for improved testing and surveillance practices. To this end, multiple regional, national, and global virologic and disease surveillance systems have been established to provide accurate knowledge of viral epidemiology, support appropriate preparedness and response to potential outbreaks, and help inform prevention strategies to reduce disease severity and transmission. Beyond the burden of acute illness, long-term health consequences can also result from influenza virus, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include cardiovascular and pulmonary complications, worsening of existing chronic conditions, increased frailty, and reduced life expectancy. ARIs among older adults can also place a substantial financial burden on society and healthcare systems. Collectively, the existing data indicate that influenza virus, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections in older adults present a substantial global health challenge, underscoring the need for interventions to improve health outcomes and reduce the disease burden of respiratory illnesses.Graphical abstract and video abstract available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"5-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological, Clinical, and Epidemiological Characteristics of Acute Viral Gastroenteritis in an Adult Population in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Spain.","authors":"Sara Herranz-Ulldemolins, Anna Sellarès-Crous, Miriam J Álvarez-Martínez, M Eugenia Valls, Marta Aldea Novo, Anna Vilella Morató, Laura Rodriguez, Mireia Navarro, Roser Vendrell, Josep Barrachina, Miguel J Martínez, M Ángeles Marcos","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01076-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01076-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) represents a significant global health burden, with enteric viruses being a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, there are limited data on adults seeking care due to AGE of viral etiology. This study aimed to describe the etiological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of viral AGE in adult patients presenting for medical consultation in a tertiary hospital over a 2-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, with 8886 stool samples from 8356 adult patients presenting acute diarrhea between January 2021 and December 2022. A molecular real-time RT-PCR panel was used to screen for common bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens. Clinical and demographic data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate possible associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enteric viruses constituted 10.3% (307 cases) of all AGE of known etiology, with norovirus being the predominant pathogen (196, 63.8%), followed by rotavirus (82, 26.7%) and adenovirus (29, 9.4%). The different viruses showed a distinct seasonal predominance. Coinfection with other microorganisms was common. Most cases exhibited a self-limiting course. Mortality and hospitalization rates were high in patients with higher comorbidity indices, mainly in individuals with immunosuppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Viruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in adults presenting for medical consultation. The new multiplex molecular tests with high sensitivity and specificity allow early differential diagnosis in AGE. It is therefore necessary to identify which special populations particularly with higher comorbidity indices, would benefit from the implementation of these techniques, to guide decision-making related to appropriate treatments and avoid unnecessary interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"121-132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Phage's Lytic Activity Against Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Using a High-Throughput Microbroth Growth Inhibition Assay.","authors":"Paschalis Paranos, Spyros Pournaras, Joseph Meletiadis","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01092-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01092-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The host range of phages is usually assessed with the agar overlay method. However, this method is both cumbersome and subjective. Therefore, a microbroth assay was developed to assess host range and lytic activity patterns of phages in the agar overlay method against a collection of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The host range of 11 K. pneumoniae-specific phages against 8 non-repetitive well-characterized CRKP isolates was assessed with the agar overlay method and a microbroth assay by monitoring optical density (OD) at 630 nm for 24 h at different phage concentrations (5 × 10⁹-5 × 10³ PFU/ml) and two bacterial inocula (5 × 10⁶ and 5 × 10⁸ CFU/ml). The lytic activity of phage-bacteria pairs with transparent/semi-transparent (N = 7), turbid (N = 6), and no (N = 6) lysis in overlay agar method was compared statistically with the growth inhibition at 6 and 24 h in the microbroth assay with analysis of variance (ANOVA), receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) curves and Fisher's exact test. Optimal cutoffs were determined, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences of growth inhibition at 6 and 24 h for phage concentrations ≥ 5 × 10⁸ PFU/ml for both inocula were found between phages with transparent/semi-transparent, turbid, and no lysis. ROC curve analysis indicated an optimal growth inhibition cutoff of ≥ 31% at high phage and bacteria concentrations for detecting phages with lysis and ≥ 61% at high-phage and low-bacteria concentrations for detecting phages with transparent/semi-transparent lysis with sensitivity/specificity 100%/100% and 100%/86%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The microbroth growth inhibition assay provided fast, reliable, and objective results for K. pneumoniae phage host-range lytic activity differentiating different patterns of lysis in a high-throughput format.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"217-228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword: Prevention of COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in At-Risk Populations.","authors":"Stefan Gravenstein","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01078-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01078-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}