Infectious Diseases and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Post-Marketing Active Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Quadrivalent Subunit Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Participants Aged ≥ 3 Years in China.","authors":"Mingwei Wei, Yu Pan, Kangning Wang, Ming Li, Shaowen Tang, Qianqian Huang, Hongying Chen, Zengqiang Kou, Na Xie, Xiang Guo, Jing An, Jikai Zhang, A Kezhong, Yanjun Chen, Youcai An, Liuyang Kang, Hang Tao, Hongxing Pan","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01354-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-026-01354-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The observational phase IV study through an active surveillance system aimed to assess the safety of the subunit influenza vaccine in healthy individuals aged ≥ 3 years and explore the feasibility of using an active adverse event (AE) surveillance system based on a WeChat Mini Program incorporating electronic diary cards (e-diary cards) in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between October 30, 2023, and April 28, 2025, a multi-center, open-label, single-arm prospective active surveillance study was conducted. Healthy individuals aged 3 years and above who voluntarily and at their own expense came to the outpatient department to receive the target vaccine (Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China) were recruited as research participants. The WeChat Mini Program was employed to record baseline information and the occurrence of AEs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) within 28 days after vaccination. A post hoc subgroup analysis was conducted to assess the safety characteristics of participants in different age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 42,881 participants, 495 (11.54‰) reported a total of 682 AEs. No vaccine-related serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported. A total of 293 participants (6.83‰) reported 374 ADRs. Among these, 29 participants (0.68‰) reported 34 unsolicited ADRs, including pharyngalgia (n = 10, 0.23‰) and rhinorrhea (n = 4, 0.09‰) among others. The incidence rates (IR) of AEs across 3-8, 9-17, 18-64, ≥ 65 years groups, from youngest to oldest, were 16.29‰ (n = 269), 10.63‰ (n = 58), 10.53‰ (n = 145), and 3.21‰ (n = 23). A statistically significant difference in AE incidence was observed among the age groups (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The vaccine demonstrated a favorable safety profile in healthy individuals aged 3 years and above. Moreover, the active surveillance method with the Mini Program was helpful in detecting very rare ADRs.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT073326896. Retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational, Post-marketing Surveillance of Safety and Effectiveness of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Korean Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.","authors":"Jin-Woo Lee, Sang Hoon Ahn, Jeong Gil Park, Jae Youn Jeong, Ki Tae Yoon, Won Young Tak, Yang Hyun Baek, Su Jong Yu, Myeong Jun Song, Yeon Seok Seo, Ji Young Jeong, Jeong Heo","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01349-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-026-01349-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) is a pan-genotypic, interferon-free, direct-acting antiviral regimen approved for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment. While clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and safety, real-world data in the Korean population remain limited. This post-marketing surveillance study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of G/P in Korean patients with CHC in routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted across 56 institutions in Korea from January 2018 to January 2024. Adult and adolescent patients (aged ≥ 12 years) with CHC receiving G/P were enrolled. Safety outcomes evaluated adverse events (AEs), including serious AEs (SAEs), and treatment-related AEs. Effectiveness was assessed by sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) in evaluable patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3061 patients enrolled, 51.1% were female and 18.6% had cirrhosis. AEs were reported in 9.7% of patients, with pruritus (2.0%) and headache (1.0%) being most common. SAEs occurred in 1.2% of patients, and 0.3% discontinued treatment due to AEs. No new safety signals were identified. SVR12 was achieved in 98.2% of the effectiveness population (n = 2434). Among patients whose hepatitis C virus RNA was monitored during therapy, on-treatment virologic failure occurred in 1.3%, while post-treatment relapse was observed in 1.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>G/P therapy demonstrated a manageable safety profile and high effectiveness in Korean patients with CHC in real-world settings, supporting its continued use and coverage under national health programs.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03740230).</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-Care Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Detection in Children and Adults: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Kashmira Date, Kyle Fowler, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Katherine K Perez, Sima S Toussi, Elaine Thomas, Katherine T Schneider, Ornella Ruiz, Suzie Seabroke, Konstantina Chatzikonstantinidou, Laura E Sarabia, Bradford Gessner, Elizabeth Begier","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01356-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-026-01356-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rapid point-of-care (PoC) nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), including reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), provide timely detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) closer to patient care. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the characteristics and performance of PoC NAATs for RSV in comparison to standard laboratory RT-PCR diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched Embase, MEDLINE, and gray literature (2018-2024) for studies evaluating PoC RT-PCR and other NAATs for RSV, without language restrictions. Eligible studies were identified, and data on test characteristics and performance were extracted (PROSPERO-CRD42024611164).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3939 articles identified, 74 studies were included, evaluating 39 distinct PoC assays, comprising 18 RT-PCR-based platforms and 21 other NAAT methods (e.g., loop-mediated isothermal amplification). Only 8% of studies were conducted exclusively in adults and 18% in children, while 37% included both age groups; age was not specified in the rest. Most studies originated from the Western Pacific region (n = 29, 39%), Europe (n = 22, 30%), and the Americas (n = 19, 26%). Compared to laboratory-based RT-PCR, PoC NAATs had high specificity (median 100% in all age groups) but variable sensitivity. Median sensitivities were 96% (range 73-100%) in children, 91% (63-100%) in adults, and 99% (67-100%) in mixed-age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PoC RSV NAATs offer high specificity, with a modest sensitivity reduction compared with laboratory RT-PCR (notably in adult populations). Wider availability of reliable, affordable PoC testing could facilitate rapid and accurate RSV diagnosis, improve disease surveillance and patient management, and guide public health interventions such as vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Health Service Utilization for Febrile Illness and Malaria in Malaria-Endemic States in India: LLINs as a Pillar of Control Strategies.","authors":"Vani H Chalageri, Shrinivasa B Marinaik, Richa Singhal, Sanjeev K Gupta, Sujith Nath Nathan, Alex Eapen, Chander P Yadav, Piyoosh K Singh, Praveen K Tripathi, Waseem A Malla, Suresh C Pradhan, Diamond P Sinha, Shri P Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Pranab J Bhuyan, Manju Rahi, Tanu Jain, Rinku Sharma, Anupkumar R Anvikar","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01359-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-026-01359-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malaria elimination remains a global public health priority, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. India has set a target of eliminating malaria by 2030, making it essential to understand gaps in healthcare access, utilization, and preventive practices in endemic areas to guide focused interventions to achieve national and global malaria elimination targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A subnational, cross-sectional study surveying 37,849 households in ten malaria-endemic states in India, which covered 177,644 individuals, was carried out to estimate the health service and long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) utilization for febrile illness and malaria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the accessibility of a government healthcare facility was within 2.5 km (interquartile range [IQR] 1-5 km), with 57.4% of febrile individuals visiting a government healthcare center or approaching a government-designated healthcare provider for fever within 24-48 h. Adequate knowledge and behavior regarding prevention were observed in 89.2% households, while 73.6% households reported using LLINs regularly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lack of formal education and belonging to the tribal population were found to be high risk factors for malaria. Healthcare-seeking behavior played a crucial role in malaria burden. This study highlights the gap between accessibility of health facility and its utilization, as well as LLIN ownership and its regular utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult RSV Vaccination: What Is the Role of RSV Subgroup in Disease Prevention?","authors":"S Elizabeth Williams, Giovanni Checcucci Lisi, Kate Luisi, Kumar Ilangovan, Cassandra Hall-Murray, Kyla Hayford, Elizabeth Begier","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01351-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-026-01351-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cocirculates as two antigenic subgroups, RSV A and RSV B, with irregular dominance by season. Despite highly conserved fusion (F) protein epitopes, sequence, and antigenic differences between A and B, especially within prefusion F, can modulate neutralization and susceptibility. First-in-class adult RSV vaccines licensed in 2023 adopt two antigen strategies: monovalent stabilized prefusion F based on sequences from the RSV A subgroup, and bivalent stabilized prefusion F antigens from both RSV A and RSV B subgroups to decrease reliance on RSV A cross-protection. Clinical data from bivalent vaccine studies support high efficacy against disease from both subgroups, while monovalent vaccine studies suggest that RSV B cross-protection may wane more quickly. Emerging and continued real-world vaccine effectiveness monitoring of both monovalent and bivalent RSV vaccines will be needed to assess this early signal.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Shifting Landscape of HIV-Tuberculosis Co-Infection in the MENA Region with a Focus on Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Epidemiological Analysis over Three Decades.","authors":"Zikria Saleem, Masaad Saeed Almutairi, Huda Arooj, Faris S Alnezary","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01358-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-026-01358-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The interaction between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) presents a persistent public health challenge, particularly with the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region shows complex TB patterns, and Saudi Arabia continues to face challenges in TB control within the regional context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 estimates, we analyzed age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and incidence trends for HIV and drug-susceptible TB, MDR-TB, and XDR-TB in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region from 1990 to 2023. Temporal patterns were quantified using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across MENA and Saudi Arabia, the burden of drug-susceptible TB increased during the 1990s to early 2000s and subsequently declined in 2023 (MENA age-standardized DALY rate [ASDR]: 6.60 in 1990, peaking at 13.11 in 1999, declining to 7.39 in 2023; Saudi Arabia ASDR: 13.63 in 1990, peaking at 20.56 in 2003, declining to 4.94 in 2023). A similar temporal pattern was observed for MDR-TB (MENA ASDR (Age-Standardized DALY Rate): 0.03 in 1990, peaking at 1.04 in 2002, declining to 0.40 in 2023; Saudi Arabia ASDR: 0.03 in 1990, peaking at 1.93 in 2003, declining to 0.33 in 2023). In contrast, XDR-TB showed an overall decline in MENA (ASDR: 1.72 in 1991, declining to 0.02 in 2023), while in Saudi Arabia, ASDR declined from 2.42 in 1991 to 0.02 in 2023. MENA estimates are presented to provide regional context and enable comparison with national trends in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From 1990 to 2023, the TB burden among people with HIV in Saudi Arabia declined substantially, particularly for drug-susceptible TB, indicating progress in TB control and HIV management. Drug-resistant forms (MDR-TB and XDR-TB) showed complex trends with early increases followed by stabilization or gradual reductions in absolute burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infections Caused by Fusobacterium Species: Microbiology, Clinical Syndromes and Management: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Michal Paret, Guy Katzenellenbogen, Tal Zilberman, Michal Stein, Ili Margalit, Dafna Yahav","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01348-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-026-01348-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusobacterium spp. are Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria associated with a broad clinical spectrum, including head and neck infections; soft tissue infections; gastrointestinal and genitourinary infections; and bacteremia without an identified source. Clinical manifestations vary by species and site of colonization. F. necrophorum is linked to head and neck infections that may culminate in Lemierre syndrome, a life-threatening septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Although Fusobacterium bacteremia is uncommon, it is associated with substantial mortality. F. necrophorum bacteremia may occur as a complication of head and neck infection in younger, healthy individuals, whereas F. nucleatum bacteremia is reported predominantly in older patients with malignancy, secondary to an abdominal source or without an identified origin. Fusobacterium isolates are usually susceptible to penicillins, cephalosporins, aminopenicillins with β-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, and metronidazole, while resistance to clindamycin and moxifloxacin has been increasingly reported. Because susceptibility testing is not routinely performed and susceptibility data remain limited, severe infections are commonly treated with a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor, a carbapenem, or a β-lactam in combination with metronidazole. This review provides an overview of the microbiology, clinical spectrum, and treatment of Fusobacterium spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide from Rilpivirine or Other Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed People with HIV: A Retrospective Analysis (DRIVE-SWITCH Study).","authors":"Roberta Gagliardini, Alessandro Caioli, Marisa Fusto, Sandrine Ottou, Federica Forbici, Lavinia Fabeni, Fabrizio Maggi, Maria Maddalena Plazzi, Federico De Zottis, Rita Bellagamba, Jessica Paulicelli, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Elisabetta Grilli, Carmela Pinnetti, Valentina Mazzotta, Roberto Caldera, Gabriele Forcina, Andrea Antinori","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01330-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01330-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extensive real-world data in people with HIV (PWH) switching from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), in particular from rilpivirine (RPV)-based regimens to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF), are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were PWH aged ≥ 18 years, virologically suppressed on NNRTI triple antiretroviral regimens. The primary endpoint was the proportion of PWH with HIV-RNA < 50 cp/mL at 12 months from time of switch to B/F/TAF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 214 PWH were included, of whom 105 (49.1%) were switching from RPV/FTC/TAF. After 12 months, the proportion of PWH with HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL was 82.7% (95% confidence interval, CI, 77.1-87.2) at intention-to-treat (ITT) and 95.7% (95% CI 91.7-97.8) at missing=excluded (M=E) analysis. In the group switching from RPV/FTC/TAF, the proportion of PWH with HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL at 12 months was 74.3% (95% CI 65.2-81.7) at ITT and 95.1% (95% CI 88.1-98.1) at M=E analysis. Two PWH (0.93%, 95% CI 0.26-3.34) experienced virological failure after switching to B/F/TAF, with no resistance mutations detected. Six treatment discontinuations were observed (2.8%, 95% CI 1.3-5.6). A decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was documented when switching from RPV/FTC/TAF to B/F/TAF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Switching to B/F/TAF from NNRTI-based regimens, particularly if RPV-based, showed high virological effectiveness and rare treatment discontinuations. No resistance mutations were detected at failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1565-1575"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact and Effectiveness of a Two-Dose Varicella Immunization Program Among School Children: Evidence from Quasi-experimental Analyses.","authors":"Huiqiao Gu, Xu Xie, Qiuying Lv, Yuantian Cui, Ziyan Lu, Zaure Akhmetova, Zarina Shulgau, Fang Huang, Yawen Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01331-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01331-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Varicella, caused by the varicella zoster virus, poses a significant public health challenge, particularly among children. To address this, the city of Shenzhen, China, introduced a publicly funded vaccination program offering free two-dose varicella vaccines to eligible school-aged cohorts. This study aims to evaluate the program's impact on disease incidence, vaccination uptake, and the comparative effectiveness of two-dose versus single-dose regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the individual-level data from official immunization and surveillance systems, covering pupils born between 1 September 2014 and 31 August 2015. Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we compared the disease incidence and vaccination uptake between the eligible cohort and ineligible cohort. Additionally, to further evaluate the effectiveness of the two-dose vaccination schedule, we implemented a regression discontinuity design using the policy cutoff date.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The policy reduced varicella incidence by 22.96% (95% CI 8.98-34.79%, p < 0.05) in the eligible cohort relative to the ineligible one, while boosting first- and second-dose coverage by 34.97% (95% CI 28.19-2.11%, p < 0.05) and 98.05% (95% CI 91.98-104.31%, p < 0.05), respectively. The regression discontinuity design indicated that the two-dose schedule conferred 75.19% (95% CI 70.62-79.06%) relative vaccine effectiveness against breakthrough varicella after a single dose. This study's main limitation is that, while reporting of varicella cases is mandatory, underreporting and misdiagnosis remain possible, potentially underestimating true incidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate the program's success in reducing disease burden and enhancing immunization rates, underscoring the superior protection of two-dose vaccination and providing strong evidence for policymakers to expand such initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1369-1384"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Preparing for Tuberculosis Vaccine M72/AS01E Implementation: A Global Demand Forecast and Key Influential Factors.","authors":"Judith Kallenberg, Dominique Milea, Thomas Breuer, Agathe Philippot","doi":"10.1007/s40121-026-01338-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-026-01338-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147498694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}