Infectious Diseases and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Lifetime Health and Economic Burden of Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases Attributable to V116 Serotypes Among Adults in the United States","authors":"Zinan Yi, Kelly D. Johnson, Kwame Owusu-Edusei","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00988-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00988-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>This study aimed to estimate and compare the lifetime clinical and economic burden of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) attributable to the serotypes contained in a new 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (V116) vs. the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) among adults aged 18 years and above in the USA.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A state-transition Markov model was used to track IPD cases and deaths as well as the associated direct medical costs (in 2023 US dollars) from a US healthcare payer perspective at 3% annual discount rate. The results were summarized for V116, PCV20, and eight unique serotypes contained in V116. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the most influential inputs on the overall total direct lifetime cost.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>For the total population of US adults aged 18 years and above in 2021 (approx. 258 million residents), the estimated lifetime numbers of cases of IPD, post-meningitis sequelae (PMS), and IPD-related deaths attributable to the serotypes contained in V116 were approximately 1.4 million, 17,608, and 186,200, respectively, with a total discounted lifetime direct cost of $32.6 billion. A substantial proportion (approx. 31%) of those were attributable to the unique eight serotypes. The corresponding estimates for PCV20 were approximately 35% lower—934,000, 11,500, and 120,000, respectively—with a total discounted direct lifetime cost of $21.9 billion.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These results show that V116 serotypes (compared to PCV20) are associated with substantially higher clinical and economic burden of IPD. The addition of V116 to vaccination recommendations can help to reduce the residual burden of IPD in US adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Universal 8-Week Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir for Treatment-Naïve Patients from a Nationwide HCV Registry in Taiwan","authors":"Chun-Chi Yang, Chung-Feng Huang, Te-Sheng Chang, Ching-Chu Lo, Chao-Hung Hung, Chien-Wei Huang, Lee-Won Chong, Pin-Nan Cheng, Ming-Lun Yeh, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Chien-Yu Cheng, Jee-Fu Huang, Ming-Jong Bair, Chih-Lang Lin, Chi-Chieh Yang, Szu-Jen Wang, Tsai-Yuan Hsieh, Tzong-Hsi Lee, Pei-Lun Lee, Wen-Chih Wu, Chih-Lin Lin, Wei-Wen Su, Sheng-Shun Yang, Chia-Chi Wang, Jui-Ting Hu, Lein-Ray Mo, Chun-Ting Chen, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Chun-Chao Chang, Chia-Sheng Huang, Guei-Ying Chen, Chien-Neng Kao, Chi-Ming Tai, Chun-Jen Liu, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Hsing-Tao Kuo, Pei-Chien Tsai, Chia-Yen Dai, Jia-Horng Kao, Han-Chieh Lin, Wang-Long Chuang, Kuo-Chih Tseng, Chi-Yi Chen, Ming-Lung Yu","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00968-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00968-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Eight-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) is indicated for treatment-naïve (TN) patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), with or without compensated cirrhosis. Given that the Taiwanese government is committed to eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2025, this study aimed to measure real-world evidence for TN patients using 8-week GLE/PIB in the Taiwan HCV Registry (TACR).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The data of patients with CHC treated with 8-week GLE/PIB were retrieved from TACR, a nationwide registry program organized by the Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver (TASL). Treatment efficacy, defined as a sustained virologic response at posttreatment week 12 (SVR12), was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population, which excluded patients who were lost to follow-up or lacked SVR12 data. The safety profile of the ITT population was assessed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 7246 (6897 without cirrhosis; 349 with cirrhosis) patients received at least one dose of GLE/PIB (ITT), 7204 of whom had SVR12 data available (mITT). The overall SVR12 rate was 98.9% (7122/7204) among all patients, 98.9% (6780/6856) and 98.3% (342/348) among patients without and with cirrhosis, respectively. For the selected subgroups, which included patients with genotype 3 infection, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, people who injected drugs, and those with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, the SVR12 rates were 95.1% (272/286), 98.9% (1084/1096), 99.0% (1171/1183), 97.4% (566/581), and 96.1% (248/258), respectively. Overall, 14.1% (1021/7246) of the patients experienced adverse events (AEs). Twenty-two patients (0.3%) experienced serious AEs, and 15 events (0.2%) resulted in permanent drug discontinuation. Only one event was considered treatment drug related.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Eight-week GLE/PIB therapy was effective and well tolerated in all TN patients, regardless of cirrhosis status.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance in Japan: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tetsuya Matsumoto, A. Yuasa, Hiroyuki Matsuda, D. Ainiwaer, Naohiro Yonemoto","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00960-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00960-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling COVID-19 Vaccination in the UK: Impact of the Autumn 2022 and Spring 2023 Booster Campaigns.","authors":"Diana Mendes, Sheeja Machira Krishnan, Esmé O'Brien, Thomas Padgett, Cale Harrison, W. D. Strain, Andrea Manca, Andrew Ustianowski, Rebecca Butfield, E. Hamson, Charlie Reynard, Jingyan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00965-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00965-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Virologic Outcomes with Molnupiravir in Nonhospitalized Adult Patients with COVID-19 from the Randomized, Placebo-Controlled MOVe-OUT Trial.","authors":"Julie M Strizki, Jay A Grobler, Nicholas Murgolo, Arthur Fridman, Matthew G Johnson, Jiejun Du, Patricia Carmelitano, M. Brown, Amanda Paschke, C. De Anda","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00947-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00947-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Literature Review on the Incidence of Herpes Zoster in Populations at Increased Risk of Disease in the EU/EEA, Switzerland, and the UK.","authors":"Alen Marijam, N. Vroom, Amit Bhavsar, I. Posiuniene, N. Lecrenier, H. Vroling","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00963-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00963-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Significance of NLR and PLR in COVID-19: A Multi-Cohort Validation Study","authors":"Marta Colaneri, Camilla Genovese, Federico Fassio, Marta Canuti, Andrea Giacomelli, Anna Lisa Ridolfo, Erika Asperges, Giuseppe Albi, Raffaele Bruno, Spinello Antinori, Antonio Muscatello, Bianca Mariani, Ciro Canetta, Francesco Blasi, Alessandra Bandera, Andrea Gori","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00967-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00967-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Recent studies have highlighted the prognostic value of easily accessible inflammatory markers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for predicting severe outcomes in patients affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our study validates NLR and PLR cut-off values from a prior cohort at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (OSM) of Pavia, Italy, across two new cohorts from different hospitals. This aims to enhance the generalizability of these prognostic indicators.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective cohort study, conducted at Milan’s Ospedale Luigi Sacco (OLS) and IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (OMP) hospitals, we assess the predictive capacity of NLR and PLR for three main outcomes—non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) usage, invasive ventilation (IV), and death—in patients with COVID-19 at admission. For each outcome, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were computed separately for male and female cohorts. Distinct NLR and PLR cut-off values were used for men (7.00, 7.29, 7.00 for NLR; 239.22, 248.00, 250.39 for PLR) and women (6.36, 7.00, 6.28 for NLR; 233.00, 246.45, 241.54 for PLR), retrieved from the first cohort at OSM.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 3599 patients were included in our study, 1842 from OLS and 1757 from OMP. OLS and OMP sensitivity values for both NLR and PLR (NLR: 24–67%, PLR: 40–64%) were inferior to specificity values (NLR: 64–76%, PLR: 55–72%). Additionally, PPVs generally remained lower (&lt; 63%), while NPVs consistently surpassed 68% for PLR and 72% for NLR. Finally, both PLR and NLR exhibited consistently higher NPVs for more severe outcomes (&gt; 82%) compared to NPVs for CPAP/NIV.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Consistent findings across diverse patient populations validate the reliability and applicability of NLR and PLR cut-off values. High NPVs emphasize their role in identifying individuals less likely to experience severe outcomes. These markers not only aid in risk stratification but also guide resource allocation in emergencies or limited-resource situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underlying Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Improvement in Fronto-striatal Response Inhibition in People Living with HIV Switching Off Efavirenz: A Randomized Controlled BOLD fMRI Trial","authors":"Patrick G. A. Oomen, Charlotte S. Hakkers, Joop E. Arends, Guido E. L. van der Berk, Pascal Pas, Andy I. M. Hoepelman, Berend J. van Welzen, Stefan du Plessis","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00966-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00966-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>It is unclear whether neurotoxicity due to the antiretroviral drug efavirenz (EFV) results in neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH). Previously, we found that discontinuing EFV was associated with improved processing speed and attention on neuropsychological assessment. In this imaging study, we investigate potential neural mechanisms underlying this cognitive improvement using a BOLD fMRI task assessing cortical and subcortical functioning.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Asymptomatic adult PLWH stable on emtricitabine/tenofovirdisoproxil/efavirenz were randomly (1:2) assigned to continue their regimen (<i>n</i> = 12) or to switch to emtricitabine/tenofovirdisoproxil/rilpivirine (<i>n</i> = 28). At baseline and after 12 weeks, both groups performed the Stop-Signal Anticipation Task, which tests reactive and proactive inhibition (indicative of subcortical and cortical functioning, respectively), involving executive functioning, working memory, and attention. Behavior and BOLD fMRI activation levels related to processing speed and attention Z-scores were assessed in 17 pre-defined brain regions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Both groups had comparable patient and clinical characteristics. Reactive inhibition behavioral responses improved for both groups on week 12, with other responses unchanged. Between-group activation did not differ significantly. For reactive inhibition, positive Pearson coefficients were observed for the change in BOLD fMRI activation levels and change in processing speed and attention Z-scores in all 17 regions in participants switched to emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil/rilpivirine, whereas in the control group, negative correlation coefficients were observed in 10/17 and 13/17 regions, respectively. No differential pattern was observed for proactive inhibition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Potential neural mechanisms underlying cognitive improvement after discontinuing EFV in PLWH were found in subcortical functioning, with our findings suggesting that EFV’s effect on attention and processing speed is, at least partially, mediated by reactive inhibition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Trial Registration</h3><p>Clinicaltrials.gov identifier [NCT02308332].</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Prosthetic Joint Infection: A Case Series and Review of the Literature","authors":"Victoria Starnes, Joan Duggan, Caitlyn Hollingshead","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00964-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00964-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Fungal prosthetic joint infections comprise less than 1% of prosthetic joint infections. Thus, little is known regarding optimal management. This study aims to characterize the microbiology, surgical and medical management, and outcomes for these complex infections. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of surgical approach, antifungal treatment, fungal species, and time to onset of infection from initial surgery on patient outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A retrospective record review over 12 years was performed in two health systems that included patients with a deep culture positive for a fungal isolate and the presence of a prosthetic joint. A literature review was performed using the same inclusion criteria. A total of 289 cases were identified and analyzed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>Candida</i> was the most common isolate, and a two-stage revision was the most commonly employed surgical modality<b>.</b> The type of surgical intervention had a statistically significant relationship with outcome (<i>P</i> = 0.022).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Two-stage revision with extended antifungal therapy is preferred in these infections due to higher rates of positive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ritonavir: 25 Years’ Experience of Concomitant Medication Management. A Narrative Review","authors":"Romina Quercia, Giovanni Di Perri, Carolina Pein, Jennifer Bodie, Ravi Shankar P. Singh, Victoria Hendrick, Marta Boffito","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-00959-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00959-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme and is commonly used as a pharmacokinetic (PK) enhancer in antiviral therapies because it increases bioavailability of concomitantly administered antivirals. Decades of experience with ritonavir-enhanced HIV therapies and, more recently, COVID-19 therapies demonstrate that boosting doses of ritonavir are well tolerated, with an established safety profile. The mechanisms of PK enhancement by ritonavir result in the potential for drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with several classes of drugs, thus making co-medication management an important consideration with enhanced antiviral therapies. However, rates of DDIs with contraindicated medications are low, suggesting these risks are manageable by infectious disease specialists who have experience with the use of PK enhancers. In this review, we provide an overview of ritonavir’s mechanisms of action and describe approaches and resources available to mitigate adverse events and manage concomitant medication in both chronic and short-term settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}