Infectious Diseases and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Prognostic Significance of NLR and PLR in COVID-19: A Multi-Cohort Validation Study\".","authors":"Jiahua Zhang, Xinjie Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01045-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01045-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2469-2470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Prognostic Significance of NLR and PLR in COVID-19: A Multi-Cohort Validation Study\".","authors":"Marta Canuti, Federico Fassio, Camilla Genovese, Andrea Giacomelli, Anna Lisa Ridolfo, Erika Asperges, Giuseppe Albi, Raffaele Bruno, Spinello Antinori, Antonio Muscatello, Bianca Mariani, Ciro Canetta, Francesco Blasi, Alessandra Bandera, Andrea Gori, Marta Colaneri","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01047-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01047-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2471-2474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric Pathogen Detection Using Multiplex PCR Assay in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Diarrhea-Retrospective Before-After Study.","authors":"Alaa Atamna, Ruth Rahamimov, Aviel Levit, Loulou Saleh, Haim Ben Zvi, Jihad Bishara, Dafna Yahav","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01056-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01056-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diarrhea is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation, however the etiology is often not identified. Multiplex PCR assays may increase the detection of diarrheal pathogens among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), leading to improved management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective before-after study, conducted in a high-volume transplant center. In September 2017, multiplex PCR assay was introduced. We reviewed all hospitalized KTRs with diarrhea during 1/2015-8/2017 (pre-GI PCR, n = 111) and 9/2017-12/2021 (GI PCR, n = 159) and followed them for 3 years. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis for predictors of pathogen identification, introducing the study period as an independent variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 270 hospitalized KTRs with diarrhea, 64 (24%) had an identified diarrheal pathogen. The proportion of KTRs with an identified pathogen increased from 20% (13/64) in the pre-GI PCR to 80% (51/64) post GI PCR (p < 0.01). Of 51 KTRs with an identified pathogen in the post GI PCR, 44 (86%) were diagnosed using GI PCR. GI PCR was more likely used in younger KTRs with more recent transplantation and higher creatinine level at admission. The most common non-C. difficile diarrheal pathogens in the post-GI PCR cohort were enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (n = 23, 58%), norovirus (n = 11, 28%), and Campylobacter (n = 11, 28%). Implementing GI PCR significantly increased the detection and identification of GI pathogens (odds ratio [OR] = 21, CI 95% 10-44; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infectious etiologies of diarrhea were identified in a higher proportion of KTRs after the implementation of GI PCR. This emphasizes the importance of integrating this diagnostic tool into diarrhea workup in KTRs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2415-2422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Versus Monotherapy for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Species Serious Infections: A Prospective IPTW Adjusted Cohort Study.","authors":"Abi Manesh, Mithun Mohan George, Prasannakumar Palanikumar, V Nagaraj, Kundakarla Bhanuprasad, Ramya Krishnan, G Nivetha, Binesh Lal, K Rajitha Triveni, Priyanka Gautam, Biju George, Uday Kulkarni, Vikram Mathews, K Subramani, Shoma Rao, Binila Chacko, Anand Zachariah, Sowmya Sathyendra, Samuel George Hansdak, Ooriapadickal Cherian Abraham, Ramya Iyadurai, Rajiv Karthik, John Victor Peter, Yin Mo, Balaji Veeraraghavan, George M Varghese, David Leslie Paterson","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01042-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01042-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>International guidelines recommend definitive combination antibiotic therapy for the management of serious infections involving carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter (CRAB) species. The commonly available combination options include high-dose sulbactam, polymyxins, tetracyclines, and cefiderocol. Scanty prospective data exist to support this approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with CRAB bacteraemia, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), or both were categorized based on whether they received combination therapy or monotherapy. The 30-day mortality was compared between the two groups. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was done using propensity score (PS) for a balanced comparison between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between January 2021 and May 2023, of the 161 patients with CRAB bacteraemia (n = 55, 34.2%), VAP (n = 46, 28.6%), or both (n = 60, 37.3%) who received appropriate intravenous antibiotic therapy, 70% (112/161) received monotherapy, and the rest received combination therapy. The overall 30-day mortality was 62% (99/161) and not different (p = 0.76) between the combination therapy (31/49, 63.3%) and monotherapy (68/112, 60.7%) groups. The propensity score matching using IPTW did not show a statistical difference (p = 0.47) in 30-day mortality for receiving combination therapy with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) P of 1.29 (0.64, 2.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combination therapy for CRAB infections needs further study in a randomised controlled trial, as this observational study showed no difference in 30-day mortality between monotherapy and combination therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2351-2362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: Delphi Consensus Statements for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patients.","authors":"Hersh D Ravkin, Lior Nesher","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01049-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01049-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2223-2225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Impact of Ensitrelvir on SARS-CoV-2 Dynamics and Its Application for Assessment of Transmission Mitigation of Patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Daichi Yamaguchi, Masaya M Saito, Ayano Hata, Ryosuke Shimizu, Shogo Miyazawa, Takamichi Baba, Ryuji Kubota, Yoshitake Kitanishi","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01046-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01046-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mathematical modeling can provide quantitative understanding of the viral dynamics and viral reduction effects of drugs and enable simulations of the dynamics in various scenarios. In this study, a drug effect model of ensitrelvir was developed to describe the viral reduction effect. Using the model, we also estimated the impact of treatment with ensitrelvir on the reduction in the number of infected patients at the population level in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The drug effect model of ensitrelvir was developed based on a viral dynamic model for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a population pharmacokinetic model of ensitrelvir using 10,477 samples of viral load from 1447 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a phase 2/3 study. It was assumed that the drug effect on SARS-CoV-2 promoted the viral clearance depending on the free plasma concentrations. We estimated the impact of ensitrelvir treatment on the reduction in the number of infected patients at the population level in Japan using the susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) model including transmission mitigation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The viral reduction effect of ensitrelvir was characterized as a promotion of viral clearance depending on the plasma ensitrelvir concentrations using the E_max model. The maximum reduction effect was considered to depend on the time from symptom onset to treatment. The maximum transmission mitigation effect was observed when treatment was initiated within 12-24 h of symptom onset, and secondary infections could be reduced by administering ensitrelvir as soon as possible after symptom onset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The viral reduction by ensitrelvir could be characterized based on the viral dynamics, and the dynamics could be estimated using the drug effect model. Furthermore, the drug effect on population level transmission based on the dynamics could be estimated. Thus, the simulation could be conducted for various conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2377-2393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor regarding Response to \"Letter to Editor: \"Real-World Effectiveness of Ensitrelvir in Reducing Severe Outcomes in Outpatients at High Risk for COVID-19\".","authors":"Takahiro Takazono, Satoki Fujita, Takuji Komeda, Shogo Miyazawa, Yuki Yoshida, Yoshitake Kitanishi, Masahiro Kinoshita, Satoshi Kojima, Huilian Shen, Takeki Uehara, Naoki Hosogaya, Naoki Iwanaga, Hiroshi Mukae","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01054-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01054-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2463-2467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Safety and Efficacy Analyses of Phase 3 Trials of a Microbiome Therapeutic for Recurrent CDI.","authors":"Colleen S Kraft, Matthew Sims, Michael Silverman, Thomas J Louie, Paul Feuerstadt, Edward S Huang, Sahil Khanna, Charles S Berenson, Elaine E L Wang, Stuart H Cohen, Louis Korman, Christine Lee, Colleen R Kelly, Alberto Odio, Paul P Cook, Bret Lashner, Mayur Ramesh, Princy Kumar, Ananya De, Asli Memisoglu, David A Lombardi, Brooke R Hasson, Barbara H McGovern, Lisa von Moltke, Darrell S Pardi","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01007-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01007-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often occurs after standard-of-care antibiotics. VOWST oral spores (VOS, previously SER-109), an FDA-approved orally administered microbiome therapeutic, is indicated to prevent rCDI following antibiotics for rCDI.</p><p><strong>Objective, design, and patients: </strong>To evaluate safety and efficacy of VOS from two phase 3 trials, (randomized, placebo-controlled [ECOSPOR III: NCT03183128] and open-label, single arm [ECOSPOR IV: NCT03183141]) of 349 adults with rCDI and prevalent comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>VOS or placebo [ECOSPOR III only] (4 capsules once daily for 3 days). Integrated analysis of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) collected through week 8; serious TEAEs and TEAEs of special interest collected through week 24; and rates of rCDI (toxin-positive diarrhea requiring treatment) evaluated through weeks 8 and 24.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TEAEs were mostly mild or moderate and gastrointestinal. Most common treatment-related TEAEs were flatulence, abdominal pain and distension, fatigue, and diarrhea. There were 11 deaths (3.2%) and 48 patients (13.8%) with serious TEAEs, none treatment-related. The rCDI rate through week 8 was 9.5% (95% CI 6.6-13.0) and remained low through 24 weeks (15.2%; 95% CI 11.6-19.4). Safety and rCDI rates were consistent across subgroups including age, renal impairment/failure, diabetes, and immunocompromise/immunosuppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VOS was well tolerated and rates of rCDI remained low through week 24 including in those with comorbidities. These data support the potential benefit of VOS following antibiotics to prevent recurrence in high-risk patients.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03183128 and NCT03183141.</p>","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2105-2121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Integrated Safety and Efficacy Analyses of Phase 3 Trials of a Microbiome Therapeutic for Recurrent CDI.","authors":"Colleen S Kraft, Matthew Sims, Michael Silverman, Thomas J Louie, Paul Feuerstadt, Edward S Huang, Sahil Khanna, Charles S Berenson, Elaine E L Wang, Stuart H Cohen, Louis Korman, Christine Lee, Colleen R Kelly, Alberto Odio, Paul P Cook, Bret Lashner, Mayur Ramesh, Princy Kumar, Ananya De, Asli Memisoglu, David A Lombardi, Brooke R Hasson, Barbara H McGovern, Lisa von Moltke, Darrell S Pardi","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01036-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01036-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2209-2210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Letter to the Editor Regarding 'Comparative Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines Among Older Adults: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis Using the GRADE Framework'.","authors":"Hannah R Volkman, Jennifer L Nguyen, Luis Jodar, John M McLaughlin","doi":"10.1007/s40121-024-01019-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40121-024-01019-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13592,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"2203-2206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}