Inflammation and Regeneration最新文献

{"title":"In vivo imaging of inflammatory response in cancer research.","authors":"Yoshinobu Konishi, Kenta Terai","doi":"10.1186/s41232-023-00261-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41232-023-00261-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation can contribute to the development and progression of cancer. The inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment are shaped by complex sequences of dynamic intercellular cross-talks among diverse types of cells, and recapitulation of these dynamic events in vitro has yet to be achieved. Today, intravital microscopy with two-photon excitation microscopes (2P-IVM) is the mainstay technique for observing intercellular cross-talks in situ, unraveling cellular and molecular mechanisms in the context of their spatiotemporal dynamics. In this review, we summarize the current state of 2P-IVM with fluorescent indicators of signal transduction to reveal the cross-talks between cancer cells and surrounding cells including both immune and non-immune cells. We also discuss the potential application of red-shifted indicators along with optogenetic tools to 2P-IVM. In an era of single-cell transcriptomics and data-driven research, 2P-IVM will remain a key advantage in delivering the missing spatiotemporal context in the field of cancer research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9903460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10687870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravital imaging of immune responses in intestinal inflammation.","authors":"Masaki Honda,&nbsp;Masashi Kadohisa,&nbsp;Daiki Yoshii,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Komohara,&nbsp;Taizo Hibi","doi":"10.1186/s41232-023-00262-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-023-00262-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, many kinds of immune cells have been identified, but their precise roles in intestinal immunity remain unclear. Understanding the in vivo behavior of these immune cells and their function in gastrointestinal inflammation, including colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neutrophil extracellular traps, is critical for gastrointestinal research to proceed to the next step. Additionally, understanding the immune responses involved in gastrointestinal tumors and tissue repair is becoming increasingly important for the elucidation of disease mechanisms that have been unknown. In recent years, the application of intravital microscopy in gastrointestinal research has provided novel insights into the mechanisms of intestine-specific events including innate and adaptive immunities. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of intravital imaging in gastrointestinal research and describe how to observe the intestines and immune cells using intravital microscopy. Additionally, we outline novel findings obtained by this new technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9896837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10665595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of self-advantageous niche by neural stem/progenitor cells during development via autocrine VEGF-A under hypoxia.","authors":"Taichi Kashiwagi,&nbsp;Yuuki Takazawa,&nbsp;Tetsushi Kagawa,&nbsp;Tetsuya Taga","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00254-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00254-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tissue stem cells are confined within a special microenvironment called niche. Stem cells in such a niche are supplied with nutrients and contacted by other cells to maintain their characters and also to keep or expand their population size. Besides, oxygen concentration is a key factor for stem cell niche. Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are known to reside in a hypoxic niche. Oxygen concentration levels are lower in fetal organs including brain than maternal organs. However, how fetal NSPCs adapt to the hypoxic environment during brain development, particularly before pial and periventricular vessels start to invade the telencephalon, has not fully been elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NSPCs were prepared from cerebral cortices of embryonic day (E) 11.5 or E14.5 mouse embryos and were enriched by 4-day incubation with FGF2. To evaluate NSPC numbers, neurosphere formation assay was performed. Sparsely plated NSPCs were cultured to form neurospheres under the hypoxic (1% O₂) or normoxic condition. VEGF-A secreted from NSPCs in the culture medium was measured by ELISA. VEGF-A expression and Hif-1a in the developing brain was investigated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here we show that neurosphere formation of embryonic NSPCs is dramatically increased under hypoxia compared to normoxia. Vegf-A gene expression and its protein secretion were both up-regulated in the NSPCs under hypoxia. Either recombinant VEGF-A or conditioned medium of the hypoxic NSPC culture enhanced the neurosphere forming ability of normoxic NSPCs, which was attenuated by a VEGF-A signaling inhibitor. Furthermore, in the developing brain, VEGF-A was strongly expressed in the VZ where NSPCs are confined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We show that NSPCs secret VEGF-A in an autocrine fashion to efficiently maintain themselves under hypoxic developmental environment. Our results suggest that NSPCs have adaptive potential to respond to hypoxia to organize self-advantageous niche involving VEGF-A when the vascular system is immature.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9893632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10636939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate immune recognition against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Taisho Yamada,&nbsp;Akinori Takaoka","doi":"10.1186/s41232-023-00259-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-023-00259-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative virus of pandemic acute respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most of the infected individuals have asymptomatic or mild symptoms, but some patients show severe and critical systemic inflammation including tissue damage and multi-organ failures. Immune responses to the pathogen determine clinical course. In general, the activation of innate immune responses is mediated by host pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as host damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which results in the activation of the downstream gene induction programs of types I and III interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines for inducing antiviral activity. However, the excessive activation of these responses may lead to deleterious inflammation. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in terms of innate recognition and the subsequent inflammation underlying COVID-19 immunopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9879261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10631789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating corneal wound healing using exosome-mediated targeting of NF-κB c-Rel.","authors":"Wenbo Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaozhen He,&nbsp;Ruiling Liu,&nbsp;Qingguo Ruan","doi":"10.1186/s41232-023-00260-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-023-00260-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integrity of the corneal epithelium is essential for the maintenance of the physiological function of the cornea. Studies have found that inflammation greatly delays corneal wound healing. NF-κB c-Rel is preferentially expressed by immune cells and promotes the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In the current study, we sought to investigate whether c-Rel could be used as a potential therapeutic target for treating a corneal injury. Our studies reveal that expressions of c-Rel and its inflammatory targets are significantly increased in the cornea of mice with corneal injury. In addition, we find that c-Rel-deficient mice exhibit accelerated corneal wound healing and reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines. Further studies show that topical treatment on the corneal surface using nano-polymers or exosomes loaded with c-Rel-specific siRNA (siRel) can effectively accelerate regular and diabetic corneal wound healing. More importantly, we find that exosomes, as carriers of siRel, showed better efficacy than nano-polymers in treating corneal injury. We further demonstrate that exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells can efficiently transfer siRNA into macrophages and dendritic cells but not T cells. Taken together, these results indicate that blocking c-Rel may represent an attracting strategy for the treatment of both regular and diabetic corneal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9881367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10631788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix remodeling associated 7 proteins promote cutaneous wound healing through vimentin in coordinating fibroblast functions.","authors":"Ying Shen,&nbsp;Jinling Ning,&nbsp;Lu Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Ting Wang,&nbsp;Jie Yu,&nbsp;Yiqiang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s41232-023-00256-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-023-00256-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing depends largely on the remodeling of the extracellular matrix around and reorganization of tissue-resident cells. Matrix remodeling associated 7 (MXRA7) is a member of the matrix remodeling-associated gene family and is involved in matrix remodeling-associated processes, such as inflammatory neovascularization, liver injury, and autoimmune skin disease. To investigate whether and how MXRA7 participate in cutaneous wound healing, an ear-punching model was utilized in wild-type (WT) and MXRA7-deficient mice, and the dermal fibroblasts from these mice were further studied in vitro. Results showed that the MXRA7 deficiency impaired the wound healing process in mice. Quantitative PCR indicated that lack of MXRA7 impaired the expression of several extracellular matrix genes (e.g., MMP-2) and inhibited signaling pathways (e.g., STAT3) in healing ear tissues. In in vitro culture system, migration, contraction, or proliferation of fibroblasts was impaired upon MXRA7 deficiency. Pull-down and mass spectrum assay revealed that vimentin was among the proteins that bound MXRA7 proteins in cells, and further investigations indicate MXRA7 was an autocrine factor in fibroblasts that involved vimentin in certain ways, such as JNK and STAT3/STAT5 signaling pathways in our study. In conclusion, MXRA7 proteins promote wound healing through vimentin in coordinating fibroblast functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9841631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humoral immunity for durable control of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.","authors":"Ryutaro Kotaki,&nbsp;Saya Moriyama,&nbsp;Yoshimasa Takahashi","doi":"10.1186/s41232-023-00255-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41232-023-00255-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ongoing because of the repeated emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, highlighting the importance of developing vaccines for variants that may continue to emerge. In the present review, we discuss humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the antibody breadth to the variants. Recent studies have revealed that the temporal maturation of humoral immunity improves the antibody potency and breadth to the variants after infection or vaccination. Repeated vaccination or infection further accelerates the expansion of the antibody breadth. Memory B cells play a central role in this phenomenon, as the reactivity of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) on memory B cells is a key determinant of the antibody potency and breadth recalled upon vaccination or infection. The evolution of memory B cells remarkably improves the reactivity of BCR to antigenically distinct Omicron variants, to which the host has never been exposed. Thus, the evolution of memory B cells toward the variants constitutes an immunological basis for the durable and broad control of SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9834039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10519021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of Covid-19 pneumonia.","authors":"Yoshiya Tanaka","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00253-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00253-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In inflamed tissue, immune cells are accumulated, and various intercellular signals are involved in the pathogenesis. Janus kinases (JAKs) are typical tyrosine kinases involved in mediating the signaling of multiple cytokines and growth factors and induce the transcription of molecules related to inflammation or immunity via the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Hence, they have garnered significant interest as a therapeutic target. JAK inhibitors have been evaluated as a major drug for remission induction in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. BODY: Covid-19 infection due to SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic, with approximately 660 million infections and 6.7 million deaths worldwide (January, 2023). The prognosis is poor and the major causes of death are respiratory failure attributed to rapid pneumonia, thromboembolism due to a cytokine storm, and multi-organ failure. As a treatment modality, molecular targeted therapy, such as cytokine-targeting therapy, is attracting attention, in addition to antiviral drugs. Baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor, is used for the treatment of severe pneumonia, in addition to antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids. The mechanism of action of baricitinib includes inhibition of viral receptor-mediated endocytosis, which involves the NF-κB activating kinase (NAK) family, and mediating the anti-cytokine effects via JAK 1/2 inhibition. It improves severe pneumonia and reduces mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, the development of molecular targeted drugs with elucidated pathological mechanisms may aid in controlling Covid-19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9826760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10498421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and risk of mRNA vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases.","authors":"Yasuhiro Kato,&nbsp;Takayoshi Morita,&nbsp;Atsushi Kumanogoh","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00247-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00247-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which spread worldwide from Wuhan, China, in 2019, appeared for a time to be overcome by the remarkable efficacy of mRNA vaccines; however, new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have emerged and remain rampant. The involvement of the virus in the emergence of variant strains and the relationship between vaccine efficacy and immunosuppressive drugs have attracted significant attention, particularly with regard to patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) who take immunosuppressive drugs. This review outlines the relationship between mRNA vaccines, one of the key strategies against COVID-19, and AIRD and discusses the immune response elicited by mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, the impact of immunosuppressive agents on the mRNA vaccine-induced immune response in patients with AIRD and side effects of the vaccine, such as exacerbation of the underlying disease, is outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9816539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10870375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of factor XIII originating from synovial fibroblasts and macrophages induced by interleukin-6 signaling.","authors":"Hirofumi Watanabe,&nbsp;Sho Mokuda,&nbsp;Tadahiro Tokunaga,&nbsp;Hiroki Kohno,&nbsp;Michinori Ishitoku,&nbsp;Kei Araki,&nbsp;Tomohiro Sugimoto,&nbsp;Yusuke Yoshida,&nbsp;Toshihiro Yamamoto,&nbsp;Mayuko Matsumoto,&nbsp;Junya Masumoto,&nbsp;Shintaro Hirata,&nbsp;Eiji Sugiyama","doi":"10.1186/s41232-022-00252-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00252-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) promotes cross-linking between fibrin molecules at the final stage of the blood coagulation cascade. However, its expression in cells or tissues and function, particularly factor XIII subunit B (FXIII-B), remains controversial. Hemorrhagic FXIII deficiency following anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antibody treatment has been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients receiving this biologics have reduced FXIII activity when compared to the activity in those treated with other biologics. The relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and FXIII expression remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the expression pattern of FXIII in synovial tissues, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and western blotting were performed. FXIII-A expressed monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with recombinant IL-6 and anti-IL-6 receptor antibody. RNA sequencing of FXIII-B-overexpressing cells was performed to clarify the function of FXIII-B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The immunohistochemical analysis of synovial tissues revealed that factor XIII subunit A (FXIII-A) was expressed in M2 macrophages, and FXIII-B was expressed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. IL-6 stimulation upregulated FXIII-A expression in IL-4-induced monocyte-derived macrophages, and the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody suppressed FXIII-A expression. FXIII-B was more abundantly secreted in the supernatant of fibroblast-like synoviocytes compared with that of other cells. RNA sequencing showed that FXIII-B elevated the expression of genes associated with anti-apoptotic molecules and chemokines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight that synovial tissue is one of the sources of FXIII production. We also have demonstrated IL-6-dependent FXIII-A expression and the novel potential functions of FXIII-B.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9817275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10870373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}