Instruments最新文献_第6页

Investigating Slit-Collimator-Produced Carbon Ion Minibeams with High-Resolution CMOS Sensors 用高分辨率CMOS传感器研究狭缝准直器产生的碳离子微束

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7020018

L. Volz, C. Reidel, M. Durante, Y. Prezado, C. Schuy, U. Weber, C. Graeff

{"title":"Investigating Slit-Collimator-Produced Carbon Ion Minibeams with High-Resolution CMOS Sensors","authors":"L. Volz, C. Reidel, M. Durante, Y. Prezado, C. Schuy, U. Weber, C. Graeff","doi":"10.3390/instruments7020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments7020018","url":null,"abstract":"Particle minibeam therapy has demonstrated the potential for better healthy tissue sparing due to spatial fractionation of the delivered dose. Especially for heavy ions, the spatial fractionation could enhance the already favorable differential biological effectiveness at the target and the entrance region. Moreover, spatial fractionation could even be a viable option for bringing ions heavier than carbon back into patient application. To understand the effect of minibeam therapy, however, requires careful conduction of pre-clinical experiments, for which precise knowledge of the minibeam characteristics is crucial. This work introduces the use of high-spatial-resolution CMOS sensors to characterize collimator-produced carbon ion minibeams in terms of lateral fluence distribution, secondary fragments, track-averaged linear energy transfer distribution, and collimator alignment. Additional simulations were performed to further analyze the parameter space of the carbon ion minibeams in terms of beam characteristics, collimator positioning, and collimator manufacturing accuracy. Finally, a new concept for reducing the neutron dose to the patient by means of an additional neutron shield added to the collimator setup is proposed and validated in simulation. The carbon ion minibeam collimator characterized in this work is used in ongoing pre-clinical experiments on heavy ion minibeam therapy at the GSI.","PeriodicalId":13582,"journal":{"name":"Instruments","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48293098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Geant4 Simulation of Muon Absorption in Concrete Layers Geant4模拟Muon在混凝土层中的吸收

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7020017

D. Joffe, Christian Pérez

引用次数: 0

Two-Dimensional Thomson Scattering in Laser-Produced Plasmas 激光等离子体中的二维汤姆逊散射

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7030025

Haiping Zhang, J. Pilgram, Carmen G. Constantin, L. Rovige, P. Heuer, S. Ghazaryan, M. Kaloyan, R. Dorst, Derek Schaeffer, Christoph Niemann

引用次数: 0

Quenching Circuit Discriminator Architecture Impact on a Sub-10 ps FWHM Single-Photon Timing Resolution SPAD 猝灭电路鉴别器结构对低于10ps FWHM单光子时序分辨率SPAD的影响

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-04-09 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7020016

F. Nolet, V. Gauthier, S. Parent, F. Vachon, N. Roy, Nicolas St-Jean, S. Charlebois, J. Pratte

{"title":"Quenching Circuit Discriminator Architecture Impact on a Sub-10 ps FWHM Single-Photon Timing Resolution SPAD","authors":"F. Nolet, V. Gauthier, S. Parent, F. Vachon, N. Roy, Nicolas St-Jean, S. Charlebois, J. Pratte","doi":"10.3390/instruments7020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments7020016","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of radiation instrumentation, there is a desire to reach a sub-10 ps FWHM timing resolution for applications such as time-of-flight positron emission tomography, time-of-flight positron computed tomography and time-resolved calorimetry. One of the key parts of the detection chain for these applications is a single-photon detector and, in recent years, the first single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with a sub-10 ps timing resolution was presented. To reach such a timing resolution, the SPAD was read out by an operational amplifier operated in open-loop as a comparator. This paper presents a comparison between comparators and inverters to determine which type of leading-edge discriminator can obtain the best single-photon timing resolution. Six different quenching circuits (QCs) implemented in TSMC 65 nm are tested with SPADs of the same architecture and in the same operation conditions. This allows us to compare experimental results between the different QCs. This paper also presents a method to measure the SPAD signal slope, the SPAD excess voltage variation and simulations to determine the added jitter of different leading-edge discriminators. For some discriminator architectures, a cascode transistor was required to increase the maximum excess voltage of the QC. This paper also presents the impact on the single-photon timing resolution of adding a cascode transistor for a comparator or an inverter-based discriminator. This paper reports a 6.3 ps FWHM SPTR for a SPAD read out by a low-threshold comparator and a 6.8 ps FWHM SPTR for an optimized 1 V inverter using a cascode transistor for a higher excess voltage.","PeriodicalId":13582,"journal":{"name":"Instruments","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43013838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Manufacture of a Test Device for Radiosynthesizer Vacuum Pumps 放射性合成器真空泵试验装置的设计与制造

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7020015

Victor Amador Diaz, Scott Snyder, A. Vāvere

引用次数: 0

Fast Timing Detectors and Applications in Cosmic Ray Physics and Medical Science 快速定时探测器及其在宇宙射线物理和医学中的应用

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7020014

Christophe Royon, William d’Assignies D., Florian Gautier, Tommaso Isidori, Nicola Minafra, Alexander Novikov

引用次数: 0

Cosmic-Ray Tomography for Border Security 用于边境安全的宇宙射线层析成像

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7010013

Sarah Barnes, A. Georgadze, A. Giammanco, M. Kiisk, V. Kudryavtsev, Maxime Lagrange, Olin Lyod Pinto

{"title":"Cosmic-Ray Tomography for Border Security","authors":"Sarah Barnes, A. Georgadze, A. Giammanco, M. Kiisk, V. Kudryavtsev, Maxime Lagrange, Olin Lyod Pinto","doi":"10.3390/instruments7010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments7010013","url":null,"abstract":"A key task for customs workers is the interception of hazardous, illegal and counterfeit items in order to protect the health and safety of citizens. However, it is estimated that only a small fraction of cargo is inspected and an even smaller fraction of trafficked goods are detected. Today, the most widely used technology for scanning vehicles, ranging from vans and trucks to railcars, is γ ray and X-ray radiography. New technologies are required to overcome current technological shortcomings, such as the inability to detect the target material composition, the usage of harmful ionising radiation sources and the resultant low throughput. Cosmic ray tomography (CRT) is a promising technology for cargo screening. Cosmic ray muons have average energies of around 10,000 times larger than a typical X-ray and therefore can penetrate relatively large and dense materials. By analysing muon scattering, it is possible to identify materials hidden inside shielding that is too thick or deep for other imaging methods. CRT is also completely passive, exploiting naturally occurring secondary cosmic radiation, and is therefore safe for humans and animals. Contrary to conventional X-ray- or γ-ray-based imaging techniques, CRT also allows material differentiation and anomaly localisation within the cargo or vehicle through the provision of 3D images. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art technology in CRT, critically assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the method, and suggesting further directions for development.","PeriodicalId":13582,"journal":{"name":"Instruments","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47702525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Upgrade of Thomson Scattering Diagnostic on HL-2A HL-2A的汤姆森散射诊断升级

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7010012

Wenping Guo, Yuan Huang, Chunhua Liu, Zhen Feng, Zhipei Hou, Wenyan Zhai, H. Funaba, I. Yamada, Yonggao Li, Zhongbing Shi

引用次数: 0

Commissioning Results of the New Compact ECR Ion Source for Electrostatic Storage Ring at KACST KACST新型紧凑型ECR静电存储环离子源调试结果

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7010011

S. Alshammari, A. Jabr, Saad Jaddua, Abdulhakim Alabadusalam

引用次数: 0

RF Design and Measurements of a C-Band Prototype Structure for an Ultra-High Dose-Rate Medical Linac 超高剂量率医用直线加速器C波段原型结构的射频设计与测量

Instruments Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7010010

L. Giuliano, F. Bosco, M. Carillo, G. Felici, L. Ficcadenti, A. Mostacci, M. Migliorati, L. Palumbo, B. Spataro, L. Faillace

{"title":"RF Design and Measurements of a C-Band Prototype Structure for an Ultra-High Dose-Rate Medical Linac","authors":"L. Giuliano, F. Bosco, M. Carillo, G. Felici, L. Ficcadenti, A. Mostacci, M. Migliorati, L. Palumbo, B. Spataro, L. Faillace","doi":"10.3390/instruments7010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments7010010","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we illustrate the RF design and measurements of a C-band prototype structure for an Ultra High Dose Rate medical linac. (1) Background: FLASH Radiotherapy (RT) is a revolutionary new technique for cancer cure. It releases ultra-high radiation dose rates (above 100 Gy/s) in microsecond short pulses. In order to obtain a high dose in a very short time, accelerators with high-intensity currents (the order of 100 mA peak currents) have to be developed. In this contest, Sapienza University, in collaboration with SIT-Sordina IORT Technology spa, is developing a new C-band linac to achieve the FLASH regime. (2) Methods: We performed the RF electromagnetic design of the prototype of the C band linac using CST STUDIO Suite Code and the RF low power RF test at Sapienza University of Rome. The measurements of the field in the cavity have been done with the bead-pull technique. (3) Results: This device is a nine-cell structure operating on the π/2 mode at 5.712 GHz (C-band). We report and discuss the test measurement results on a full-scale copper prototype, showing good agreement with CST RF simulations. A tuning procedure has been implemented in order to ensure proper operating frequency and to reach a field profile flatness of the order of a few percent. (4) Conclusions: The prototype of a C-band linac for FLASH applications was successfully tested with low RF power at Sapienza University. The fabrication and ad hoc tuning procedures have been optimized and discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":13582,"journal":{"name":"Instruments","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42268629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1