用于边境安全的宇宙射线层析成像

Q3 Physics and Astronomy
Sarah Barnes, A. Georgadze, A. Giammanco, M. Kiisk, V. Kudryavtsev, Maxime Lagrange, Olin Lyod Pinto
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引用次数: 7

摘要

海关工作人员的一项关键任务是截获危险、非法和假冒物品,以保护公民的健康和安全。然而,据估计,只有一小部分货物被检查,而被发现的走私货物则更少。今天,从货车、卡车到有轨电车,最广泛使用的扫描车辆技术是γ射线和x射线照相技术。需要新技术来克服目前的技术缺点,例如无法检测目标材料成分,使用有害的电离辐射源以及由此产生的低吞吐量。宇宙射线断层扫描(CRT)是一种很有前途的货物扫描技术。宇宙射线μ介子的平均能量大约是典型x射线的1万倍,因此可以穿透相对较大和致密的物质。通过分析μ子散射,有可能识别隐藏在屏蔽内的物质,这些物质对于其他成像方法来说太厚或太深。CRT也是完全被动的,利用自然发生的二次宇宙辐射,因此对人类和动物是安全的。与传统的基于x射线或γ射线的成像技术相反,CRT还可以通过提供3D图像来区分货物或车辆内的物质和异常定位。本文回顾了当前CRT的最新技术,批判性地评估了该方法的优缺点,并提出了进一步的发展方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cosmic-Ray Tomography for Border Security
A key task for customs workers is the interception of hazardous, illegal and counterfeit items in order to protect the health and safety of citizens. However, it is estimated that only a small fraction of cargo is inspected and an even smaller fraction of trafficked goods are detected. Today, the most widely used technology for scanning vehicles, ranging from vans and trucks to railcars, is γ ray and X-ray radiography. New technologies are required to overcome current technological shortcomings, such as the inability to detect the target material composition, the usage of harmful ionising radiation sources and the resultant low throughput. Cosmic ray tomography (CRT) is a promising technology for cargo screening. Cosmic ray muons have average energies of around 10,000 times larger than a typical X-ray and therefore can penetrate relatively large and dense materials. By analysing muon scattering, it is possible to identify materials hidden inside shielding that is too thick or deep for other imaging methods. CRT is also completely passive, exploiting naturally occurring secondary cosmic radiation, and is therefore safe for humans and animals. Contrary to conventional X-ray- or γ-ray-based imaging techniques, CRT also allows material differentiation and anomaly localisation within the cargo or vehicle through the provision of 3D images. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art technology in CRT, critically assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the method, and suggesting further directions for development.
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来源期刊
Instruments
Instruments Physics and Astronomy-Instrumentation
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
70
审稿时长
11 weeks
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