Infection and Drug Resistance最新文献

{"title":"Fatal Empyema Thoracis Caused by <i>Nocardia otitidiscaviarum</i>.","authors":"Qianqian Gu, Lingren Zhou, Xiaofei Shen, Le Xu, Guixian Wu, Weijia Pan, Wenxia Lin, Dongqing Lv, Ling Lin, Shuangquan Yan","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S501622","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S501622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nocardiosis caused by <i>Nocardia otitidiscaviarum</i> is exceptionally rare and characterized by a high mortality rate. It typically affects immunocompromised patients, resulting in severe pulmonary or disseminated infections, and is notorious for abscess formation. Empyema resulting from nocardiosis is even less common. Early clinical signs and imaging findings lack specificity, culture growth is sluggish, and the absence of an effective serological detection method can delay treatment. We report an 81-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated by long-term inhalation of high-dose salmeterol fluticasone. The initial empirical anti-infection treatment proved ineffective, resulting in rapid disease progression before the confirmation of nocardiosis with empyema through cultures of pleural fluid and sputum. Despite active treatment measures, the patient succumbed to severe pulmonary infection, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. A review of the literature, together with clinical experience, indicates that conventional empirical treatment for <i>Nocardia otitidiscaviarum</i> infection may not always be effective due to the escalating rate of drug resistance. Therefore, the primary step in the management of the infection is timely diagnosis using different methods. Furthermore, the identification of the responsible strain followed by conducting drug sensitivity tests is paramount for the successful treatment of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"669-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention and Control Programmes on Antibiotic Usage and <i>A. baumannii</i> resistance: A 2016-2023 Multicentre Prospective Study.","authors":"Lei Liu, Bin Liu, Liang Li, Yu Li, Xiangdong Zhou, Qi Li","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S505133","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S505133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assesses the efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and infection prevention and control programmes (IPCP) in guiding the use of antibiotics and the control of <i>A. baumannii</i> (AB) resistance at multiple medical centres.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the effectiveness of the policy on antibiotic consumption and AB resistance by determining the relationship between the defined daily doses (DDD) for antibiotics - or alcohol-based hand gel (ABHG) consumption - and the incidence of carbapenem-resistant AB (CR-AB), multidrug-resistant AB (MDR-AB) and extensively drug-resistant AB (XDR-AB) at two medical centers from 2016-2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 4057 AB isolates were collected; 64.95% of the AB isolates were CR, 59.48% were MDR and 1.41% were XDR. The major categories of the AB clinical strains collected were extracted primarily from patients' respiratory tract specimens, the ICU wards and patients over 65 years old, accounting for 76.98%, 67.98% and 63.72%, respectively. The incidence of CR-AB, MDR-AB and XDR-AB based on AMS and IPCP measures ranged from 70.04% to 58.42% (P<0.0001), 64.26% to 52.16% (P<0.0001) and 2.27% to 0.60% (P=0.0167), respectively. The DDD of total antibiotics administered per 1000 patient days (PD) decreased significantly from 51.25±4.22 to 40.92±2.48 (P<0.0001), and ABHG consumption per 1000 PD increased significantly from 5.25±0.98 to 13.51±5.12 (P<0.0001). We found a statistically significant positive correlation between the DDD of antibiotic consumption and the incidence of CR-AB, MDR-AB and XDR-AB (r=0.9755 and P<0.0001, r=0.9571 and P=0.0002, r=0.9230 and p=0.0011, respectively). In addition, a statistically negative correlation was found between ABHG consumption and the incidence of CR-AB, MDR-AB, and XDR-AB (r=-0.9473 and P=0.0004, r=-0.9123 and P=0.0016, r=-0.9138 and P=0.0015, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comprehensive AMS and IPCP intervention measures can successfully achieve a sustained amelioration in the resistance and transmission of CR-AB, MDR-AB and XDR-AB, which are regarding potential applicability to other hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"679-692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCT/ALB Ratio in Initial Three days for the Prediction of Secondary Infection in Septic Patients.","authors":"Chunmei Zhang, Guoge Huang, Haizhong Li, Tiancao Zhang, Mengling Jian, Chunyang Huang, Yingqin Zhang, Zheng Wang, Xun Hou, Yuanyuan Xia, Wenqiang Jiang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S502537","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S502537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Procalcitonin (PCT) to albumin (ALB) ratio (PAR) in initial three days is a rapidly available indicator to assess the prognosis of patients with sepsis. This study aims to explore the correlation between changes in PAR during the initial 72 hours and the incidence of secondary infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 147 patients with sepsis were included in this study. Patients divided into secondary infection and without secondary infection group, according to whether they had secondary infection. PAR was calculated as serum PCT (ng/mL)/ALB (mg/mL). All statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package SPSS 20.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the without secondary infection group, the median APACHE II (22[17-30] vs 16[11-25]; p=0.009) were significantly higher in the secondary infection group. And the median ΔPCT/ALB adm-72h (0.10[0.02-0.48] vs 0.17[0.03-0.65]; p=0.011) were significantly lower in the secondary infection group. On multiple logistic regression, lower ΔPCT/ALB adm-72h was independently associated with the secondary infection. Decreasing quartile of ΔPCT/ALB adm-72h was statistically significantly associated with secondary infection, particularly among survivors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The decline in the PCT/ALB ratio over the initial 72 hours of the acute phase of sepsis serves as an association for the onset of secondary infections during a septic patient's hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"625-633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Cell Ratio Combinations for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Yali Yu, Yanan Wen, Jiaxuan Xia, Guixiang Dong, Yanli Niu","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S489201","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S489201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), which requires prompt and accurate diagnosis for effective management. Many biomarkers have been used for PJI diagnosis; however, the identification of the most effective inflammatory biomarker combination for optimal diagnostic accuracy may be poorly reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, multi-center study, a total of 269 individuals undergoing knee or hip revision arthroplasty were recruited and subsequently categorized based on 2018 ICM PJI criteria into two groups: 93 with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and 176 with aseptic failure (AF). Various preoperative biomarkers were analyzed and compared, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), CRP-Albumin-lymphocyte ratio (CALLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR), and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR). The diagnostic performance of these biomarkers was evaluated using ROC curve analysis and the area under the curve (AUC). Additionally, the Youden index was used to determine optimal threshold values, and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to evaluate diagnostic precision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the PJI group, levels of PAR, CAR, and CALLY were notably higher compared to the AF group, reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05). PAR and CAR were confirmed to have high diagnostic values, with AUC values of 0.779 and 0.718, respectively. CALLY exhibited moderate diagnostic effectiveness, with an AUC of 0.647. When PAR was combined with CRP and ESR, sensitivity and specificity notably improved to 93.8% and 92.5%, respectively. However, subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in combined inflammatory biomarker levels between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAR and CAR prove to be effective combined inflammatory biomarkers for PJI diagnosis, whereas other markers exhibited limited diagnostic utility for PJI.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"635-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor Glycemic Control in Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Infections: Impact on Epidemiological Features, Mortality Risks, and Polymyxin Resistance.","authors":"Qiuyan Wang, Tao Yan, Chengcheng Ma, Xuan Teng, Chengyin Shen, Na Wang, Kexue Yu, Wenwen Chu, Qiang Zhou, Zhou Liu","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S501632","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S501632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the relationship between glycemic control and epidemiological characteristics of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP), to identify mortality risk factors associated with CRKP infection, and to evaluate the impact of glucose on the resistance of CRKP to polymyxin and serum killing.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Clinical cases of 218 patients infected with CRKP were collected from a large tertiary public hospital in Anhui Province. We analyzed whether the glycemic control impacts the clinical and laboratory manifestations of infected patients. Logistic regression identified mortality risk factors. Antibiotic sensitivity, capsular serotypes, and virulence genes were tested of the strains. Three clinically isolated CRKP strains were used to investigate the effect of glucose on bacterial capsule synthesis and the impact on bacterial resistance to polymyxin and serum killing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with poor glycemic control experienced more severe infections and had a higher likelihood of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute renal insufficiency compared to those with good glycemic control. They also exhibited an increased mortality rate. Logistic regression analysis identified age, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) ≥7%, CKD, tumor, mechanical ventilation, and sepsis as independent risk factors for death associated with CRKP infection. A 0.5% (0.5 g/100mL) glucose environment can stimulate CRKP capsule synthesis, which is inhibitable by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Moreover, a high-glucose environment can enhance CRKP's resistance to polymyxin and serum killing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A persistent hyperglycemic environment resulting from poor glycemic control may stimulate the synthesis of CRKP capsules, which could enhance the resistance of CRKP to polymyxin and serum killing, thereby further increasing the risk of patient mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"647-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Infant Bloodstream Infection Caused by <i>Pantoea dispersa</i> in China: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Wenwen Yu, Zhaohui Sun, Mengyuan Wang, Zheng Li, Chunyan Zhang, Yanmeng Sun, Shifu Wang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S496299","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S496299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pantoea</i> is a prevalent environmental Gram-negative bacterium comprising over 20 distinct species. It is a facultative anaerobe capable of forming smooth, translucent colonies on culture plates. <i>Pantoea</i> is typically considered a potential pathogen that may cause infections in plants and animals. With the advancement in mass spectrometry and gene sequencing technologies, human infections caused by <i>Pantoea</i> have increasingly been recognized, raising concerns regarding its pathogenicity and nosocomial transmission that clinicians must address. While there are numerous reports documenting <i>P. agglomerans</i> as a cause of human infections in clinical settings, instances of <i>P. dispersa</i> leading to human pathogenesis are comparatively rare, and the clinical manifestations associated with <i>P. dispersa</i> infections remain largely underexplored. We report a case of a 9-month-old female patient from China whose blood cultures indicated positive Gram-negative bacilli. Through MALDI Biotyper and next-generation sequencing techniques, the pathogen was identified as <i>P. dispersa</i>. Clinically, meropenem was administered for treatment, and the patient's condition improved. We hope this article will help clinicians pay more attention to and better understand infant-related bloodstream infections caused by <i>P. dispersa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"661-667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevailing Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Hospitalized Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in a Vietnamese Teaching Hospital (2014 - 2021).","authors":"Hai Ha Long Le, Luong Cong Thuc, Thang Ba Ta, Tien Viet Tran, Dinh Viet Hung, Hoang Trung Kien, Minh Nhat Le, Vu Huy Luong, Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen, Hoa Quynh Pham, Hung Van Le, Nguyen Hoang Viet, Le Huy Hoang, Tram Thuy Nguyen, Mixay Latsavong, Tuan Dinh Le, Dao Trong Tuan, Nguyen Van An","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S499804","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S499804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In a Vietnamese teaching hospital, this study examined the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of common bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) between 2014 and 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 4060 urine samples collected, common pathogens were isolated using quantitative culture on brilliance UTI Clarity agar and blood agar. Bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and multidrug resistance (MDR) classification followed standardized techniques. Bacteria with a frequency of less than 2% were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using R software, with the chi-square test applied and significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4060 urine samples collected, 892 (22.0%) had positive results for common infections. Gram-negative bacteria predominated (591/892; 66.3%), with <i>Escherichia coli</i> being the most prevalent (336/892; 37.7%). <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (152/892; 17.0%) was the leading Gram-positive pathogen. Some antibiotics had significant resistance rates, especially in Gram-negative bacteria, with ampicillin having the greatest resistance rate (92.8%). Carbapenems and nitrofurantoin remained generally effective. Among Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance was seen for macrolides ranging from 85.5% (azithromycin) to 89.8% (erythromycin), and for tetracyclines, ranging from 0% (teicoplanin) to 85.2% (tetracycline). There was no resistance to tigecycline and teicoplanin, indicating their potential efficacy against multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria causing UTIs. MDR rates were higher in Gram-negative bacteria (64.8% versus 43.5%), with <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> having the highest rate (78.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the urgent need for ongoing surveillance of AMR patterns in Vietnam and emphasizes the significance of efficient infection prevention methods, prudent use of antibiotics, and targeted interventions to combat antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"613-623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Predictive Value of Lactate Dehydrogenase for Viral Suppression in Newly Diagnosed People Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yong Jin, Yan Wang, Ting Xia, Qichao Ma","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S488220","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S488220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is crucial for achieving viral suppression and improving clinical outcomes. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels serve as a readily accessible and rapid clinical biomarker, has significant predictive potential in various viral diseases. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of LDH levels for viral suppression in the context of rapid ART initiation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>LDH levels were measured in 393 newly diagnosed PLWH who received rapid initiation of ART and were subsequently followed up. The PLWH were stratified based on tertile LDH levels and study endpoints. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to generate survival curves, and Cox regression analysis was utilized to confirm the independent prognostic factors for viral suppression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall viral suppression rate was 94.1%. Compared to the low LDH tertile, the middle and high LDH tertiles exhibited longer times to first viral suppression (38 vs 84 vs 88 days, respectively, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that PLWH in high LDH tertile showed the worst prognosis for viral suppression (Log rank test, P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified LDH tertile as a significant predictor of viral suppression (HR = 0.714, 95% CI = 0.553-0.922, P = 0.010 for middle vs low tertile; HR = 0.575, 95% CI = 0.443-0.747, P < 0.001 for high vs low tertile).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LDH levels function as a prognostic indicator for predicting the timing of viral suppression in PLWH on ART. A comprehensive evaluation of LDH levels is beneficial in establishing risk stratification in the context of rapid ART initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"601-611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Mechanisms of BaBaoWuDanYaoMo Against Influenza A Virus and Virus-Induced Inflammation Based on Network Pharmacology and Pharmacological Evaluation.","authors":"Biao Lei, Yongjie Su, Ruihan Chen, Zexing Chen, Bin Liu, Yuou Chen, Meihua Zhou, Xinhua Wang, Qinhai Ma","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S491101","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S491101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The pro-inflammatory response triggered by influenza viruses can contribute to viral pneumonia, even death. The effect and mechanism of BaBaoWuDanYaoMo (BB) against influenza virus remains obscure. To predict its therapeutic targets via network pharmacology and verify the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of BB against influenza virus in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The potential active and underlying mechanism of BB in the treatment of influenza virus was predicted through network pharmacological strategies and Molecular Docking. The protective and anti-inflammatory effects of BB were determined by cytopathic effect (CPE), quantitative real-time PCR, mitochondrial membrane potentials and Western blotting assay in vitro. BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8) and orally administrated BB (500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg) or oseltamivir daily. The normal group was orally administrated PBS for 5 days. Lung indexes, histological changes and cytokines were determined on the 6th day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BB could effectively inhibit A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1), A/GZ/GIRD07/09 (H1N1), A/HK/Y280/97 (H9N2) and A/Aichi/68 (H3N2) with IC₅₀ values of 116.5 ± 2.2, 59.86 ± 8.33, 102.87 ± 6.66 and 66.43 ± 6.785 μg/mL, respectively. It could inhibit PR8-induced apoptosis and inhibit the expression of apoptosis markers (cleaved PARP). BB inhibited the mRNA expression of MCP-1/CCL-2, IL-6, CXCL-8/IL-8, TNF-α and CXCL-10/IP-10, and downregulated the protein expression of phosphorylated AKT/p38 and TLR3 in vitro. BB (500 and 250 mg/kg) could improve pulmonary histopathological changes, decrease the lung index and suppress the mRNA expression of CXCL1/KC, TNF-α, CXCL9/MIG and IL-1β in vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BB has a protective effect on PR8-induced acute lung injury (ALI) probably via inhibition of apoptosis process and interfering with TLR3, p38 MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. This study provided a potential treatment for influenza from BB, and network pharmacology provided a strategy to explore active components and mechanism of TCMs against influenza virus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"567-587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphadenopathies: A Retrospective Study of Epidemiology, Characteristics, Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes of Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Mogadishu-Somalia.","authors":"Kazım Kıratlı, Muhammet Bulut, Mukhtar Abdullahi Ali, Murat Aysin, Ahmed Mohamed Ali, Ibrahim Mohamed Hirsi, Ahmed Muhammad Bashir","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S488617","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S488617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lymphadenopathies, which can be caused by infections, malignant diseases, autoimmune disorders, and many other diseases, pose a challenge to clinicians in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as all over the world. The purpose of this research was to identify the clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Somalian patients suffering from swollen lymph nodes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Under the purview of this study, the diagnoses, patient clinical courses, and treatment outcomes were ascertained retrospectively by analyzing the biochemical, microbiological, radiological, and pathological data of the cases in all age groups who underwent therapy for lymphadenitis at Mogadishu Somali Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital between January 2016 and September 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 317 patients were followed up, with 53.3% of the patients as female, 46.7% as male, 28.1% as pediatric, 63.1% as adult, and 8.8% were elderly patients. With 58.7% of diagnoses, tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most common, pursued by malignant causes (21.8%). The most commonly affected lymph node was the cervical region, the symptom detected was lymph node swelling, the radiological method used was ultrasonography, and the biopsy method was fine needle aspiration biopsy. It was determined that benign conditions, including tuberculosis were more common in pediatric group and younger adults (p<0.001), and weight loss was a significant in terms of malignancy and tuberculosis (p<0.001). White blood cell value (p<0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p<0.001), and C-reactive protein (p:0.001) revealed differences across the diagnostic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost two-thirds of patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Our finding revealed tuberculosis as the commonest cause of lymphadenopathy followed by malignant causes. Therefore, before screening for malignant causes, tuberculosis should be the first diagnosis considered in Somalia, particularly in a patient presenting with weight loss and swelling of the lymph nodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"557-566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}