Infection and Drug Resistance最新文献

{"title":"Whole-Genome Analysis of <i>Paenibacillus campinasensis</i> from Blood of a Hand-Foot-Mouth Patient.","authors":"Xiaoling Yu, Jun Lin, Wenqian Jiang, Tianzhu Zhu, Xiao Lin, Xiaolong Liu, Yongyi Zeng","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S501740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S501740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of <i>Paenibacillus campinasensis</i>, an understudied opportunistic pathogen, through whole-genome sequencing and resistance genes. The findings will contribute to the development of effective clinical strategies for infection control.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A 1-year and 3-month-old boy presenting with fever and rash was admitted to the hospital and clinically diagnosed with hand-foot-mouth disease. A blood culture was obtained, and the pathogen was preliminarily identified as belonging to the genus <i>Paenibacillus</i> using MALDI-TOF-MS. Subsequent 16S rDNA PCR product Sanger sequencing confirmed the isolate as <i>Paenibacillus campinasensis</i>. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of the strain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identified 18 resistance genes in the <i>Paenibacillus campinasensis</i> strain, spanning multiple antibiotic categories. These findings suggest the potential for multidrug resistance in this bacterium, despite its isolation from blood without associated clinical infection in the patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identification of resistance genes in <i>Paenibacillus campinasensis</i> underscores the challenges in clinical treatment and emphasizes the critical role of whole-genome analysis in pathogen detection and characterization. These findings are vital for informing effective clinical strategies to address infections, particularly given the potential for antibiotic resistance to hinder treatment outcomes, even in the absence of direct disease causation by the bacterium.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2663-2672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Machine Learning to Predict Linezolid-Associated Thrombocytopenia.","authors":"Rao Wei, Kexin Li, Huaguang Wang, Xinbo Cai, Nian Liu, Zhuoling An, Hong Zhou","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S479658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S479658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using artificial intelligence and machine learning to predict linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia helps identify related risk factors in patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January 2020 and December 2023, 284 patients receiving linezolid from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were enrolled. The data underwent filtering to ensure completeness and quality. The filtered data were then randomly divided into training and validation sets at a 3:1 ratio using stratified sampling. Four machine learning methods-logistic regression, Lasso regression, support vector machine (SVM), and random forest-were employed to develop predictive models on the training set, with optimal hyperparameters determined through grid search. Model performance was assessed via 10 - fold cross - validation on the training set, and the model with the highest AUC was selected. The chosen model was further validated on the independent validation set, with AUC, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During treatment with linezolid, 42 (14.8%) of the 284 patients developed thrombocytopenia, with an average onset of 12.0±5.6 days after starting linezolid therapy. The random forest model demonstrated the best performance, with an AUC of 0.902 (95% CI 0.814-0.991) in the validation set. This model achieved a sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of 86.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 52.9%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We developed a machine learning model to predict linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia, with the random forest model achieving an AUC of 0.902. This model can help clinicians assess patient risk and optimize treatment plans. Future work should validate the model in multicenter studies and explore its integration into clinical decision support systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2653-2661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and the Effect of Symptomatic Supportive Treatment for Severe Neonatal Enterovirus Infection.","authors":"Zhe Xuan, Ting Wang, Ning Li, Ziqian Tang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S507842","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S507842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To retrospectively analyze cases of neonatal enterovirus (EV) infection, identify risk factors for severe infection, pathological characteristics, and prognostic differences, and provide a basis for early identification of high-risk neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neonates diagnosed with EV infection and admitted to Zhuzhou Central Hospital between January 2020 and December 2023 were included in the study. Based on disease severity, they were divided into a mild infection group (n = 149) and a severe infection group (n = 44). Data on demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment methods, and prognosis were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the mild infection group, the severe infection group had lower gestational age (36.61 vs 38.50 weeks, P < 0.001) and higher preterm birth rates (P < 0.05). They presented earlier with higher incidences of rash, respiratory symptoms, and sepsis-like signs (all P < 0.05). Severe cases had significantly higher rates of pneumonia, myocarditis, necrotizing hepatitis, and DIC (all P < 0.001), with a mortality rate of 54.55% (P < 0.001). Laboratory findings showed more thrombocytopenia, coagulation dysfunction, and organ injury markers in the severe group (all P < 0.001). Mild cases required mainly non-invasive treatment, while severe cases had high mortality despite intensive interventions. Among survivors, 50% required long-term neurological rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe neonatal EV infection is closely associated with preterm birth and perinatal infection, characterized by thrombocytopenia, coagulation dysfunction, and multiple organ damage. Early monitoring of high-risk neonates, especially preterm infants, should be reinforced. For neonates presenting within the first seven days of life with rash or respiratory distress accompanied by a rapid decline in platelet count, intensive care should be promptly initiated. Further research is needed to explore targeted antiviral therapies and immune modulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2629-2636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of Clinical Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Suspected Central Nervous System Infections in a Municipal Hospital: A Retrospective Study in China.","authors":"Huimin Wang, Jianting Zhao, Xueyao Wang, Miaomiao Li, Tiantian Hu, Huan Xu, Min Dong, Wenlong He, Zhenyong Che","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S500279","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S500279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has the potential to identify the majority of pathogens in a single test. Accurate pathogen identification is vital for central nervous system infection (CNSi). However, there are few related studies investigating in a municipal hospital.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 52 suspected CNSi patients were retrospectively recruited in Xinxiang central hospital between July 2019 and April 2023. The diagnostic performance of CSF mNGS, conventional microbiological tests (CMT), and the combination of CSF mNGS and CMT were evaluated by comparing to the final diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 52 suspected CNSi patients, 35 were diagnosed as CNSi. In comparison to the final diagnosis, the area under curves (AUC) for CSF CMT, CSF mNGS, and the combination of CMT and mNGS for the diagnosis of CNSi were 0.56 (95% CI 0.4-0.72), 0.74 (95% CI 0.61-0.84), and 0.76 (95% CI 0.63-0.88), respectively. The sensitivities were 11.43% (95% CI 4.54%-25.95%), 48.57% (95% CI 32.99%-64.43%), and 51.43% (95% CI 35.57%-67.01%), respectively. The accuracy was 40.38 (95% CI 27.01%-54.90%), 65.38% (95% CI 50.91%-78.03%), and 67.31% (95% CI 52.89%-79.67%), respectively. Furthermore, based on CSF mNGS results, seven patients confirmed initial treatment, two escalated, and one de-escalated. Additionally, we identified the optimal cutoff values as 1.75 U/L for CSF adenosine deaminase (ADA), 75.44 U/L for CSF protein, and 185 mmH₂O for CSF pressure, when these values were exceeded, CSF mNGS tended to yield positive results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CSF mNGS showed superior diagnostic performance in CNSi and hence could serve as a complementary tool to CMT and conjunctively guide the precision therapy. Additionally, the values for CSF ADA, protein and pressure could assist in predicting mNGS positive result. With technical improvements for mNGS sample processing to increase throughput and reduce costs, clinicians may use mNGS more widely in municipal hospital laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2637-2652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrapulmonary Comparisons Between <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i> and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: From Manifestations and Diagnosis to Treatment.","authors":"Qi Dong, Miaoran Wang, Zhaohua Wang, Jie Shi, Jianping Xie, Xiaorui Li, Chang Liu, Yu Chen, Shu Guo","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S515196","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S515196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) diseases and the number of deaths from these diseases are steadily increasing worldwide. However, the pathologic diagnosis of NTM disease is similar to that of tuberculosis, and it is often difficult to distinguish between the two, which can lead to misdiagnosis and treatment aversion. Therefore, differentiation between the two can help in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. This review compares the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common extrapulmonary sites of involvement in tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2613-2627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brucella Melitensis Infection Leading to Septicemia in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Study and Literature Review.","authors":"Yanhua Fu, Tianji Gao, Min Zhao, Meimei Yao, Jing Liu, Yanli Zhao, Xiang Li","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S517293","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S517293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To enhance the clinical awareness of <i>Brucella melitensis</i> by retrospectively analyzing a case of septicemia caused by this bacterial infection in a pediatric patient.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data from a case of <i>Brucella melitensis</i>-induced septicemia in a child treated at Baoding Hospital, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, in June 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. The patient's condition and biochemical test results were analyzed and summarized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three weeks before the onset of illness, the patient had a history of raw beef exposure. The primary clinical manifestation was undulant fever. Hematological tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, accompanied by tenderness in the right hip joint and a positive \"4 Sign\" on the right side. The hip joint ultrasound was unremarkable. Blood culture identified <i>Brucella melitensis</i> after 72 hours of incubation, and serum agglutination test showed positive <i>Brucella</i> antibodies with a titer of 1:400. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone for antibacterial therapy, supplemented with doxycycline. Supportive therapy included bicyclol, glutathione, and L-ornithine L-aspartate for hepatoprotection. After 7 days of treatment, the patient's body temperature normalized, joint pain subsided, and liver function significantly improved, with AST decreasing from 215 U/L to 47 U/L and ALT from 213 U/L to 53 U/L. The treatment lasted six weeks. The patient's condition remained stable after discharge, with follow-up blood tests, liver function tests, and blood cultures showing no abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For patients with suspected infections, it is crucial to actively identify the causative pathogen and administer appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on laboratory results. Clinicians should emphasize etiological testing, using various staining techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy when identifying bacterial colonies on culture plates.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2605-2611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Pyrazinamide-Resistant Mycobacterium Bovis in an AIDS Patient: The Role of Molecular Diagnosis and Optimized Therapy.","authors":"Yuan Fang, Fuchun Wang, Jiahao Ji, Han Jia, Meixin Ren, Luyao Zheng, Lin Jia, Caiping Guo, Wen Wang, Taiyi Jiang, Tong Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S522721","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S522721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection is a rare but serious complication in immunocompromised individuals, particularly in those with advanced HIV/AIDS. Diagnosis is often delayed owing to overlapping clinical features with those of other mycobacterial infections. We report a case of disseminated M. bovis infection in a severely immunocompromised patient with AIDS. Rapid identification was achieved using molecular diagnostic techniques, specifically fluorescent PCR melting curve analysis, which enabled timely adjustments to antimicrobial therapy. The patient showed significant clinical improvement and resolution of symptoms. This case underscores the importance of early molecular diagnostics and tailored therapeutic strategies for managing opportunistic infections, such as M. bovis, in patients with HIV/AIDS. These findings highlight the need for broader implementation of advanced diagnostic tools to improve outcomes and mitigate the risks of treatment failure and drug resistance in vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2599-2604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Analysis of Antifungal Drug Resistance Among <i>Candida</i> Spp. and Other Pathogenic Yeasts Isolated from Patients in Eastern Poland: Diagnostic Problems [Corrigendum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S539830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S539830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S504516.].</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2597-2598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Completion in College Students: A High Adherence Study in China.","authors":"Cuixiao Liu, Rui Jing, Shasha Li, Wenqian Zhang, Yiran Dong, Hui Dong, Ran Xue, Jin Jin, Yan Ju","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S523021","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S523021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate and evaluate factors associated with completion of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) among college students with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 399 LTBI college students who initiated TPT in Shandong Province, China. TPT completion rates were determined. Factors associated with TPT completion were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 399 students initially initiated TPT, 364 (91.2%) eventually completed treatment. Non-medical students were more likely than medical students to discontinue TPT early [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.78; <i>E</i>-value = 1.79). Students with higher family income (aOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12-0.60; <i>E</i>-value = 1.94) and higher education levels (aOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.31; <i>E</i>-value = 3.48) were less likely to complete the TPT. Students who did not experience adverse reactions during medication (aOR = 9.46, 95% CI: 2.67-33.64; <i>E</i>-value = 3.08) were more likely to complete TPT. <i>E</i>-value analysis showed robustness to unmeasured confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Standardized medication management is critical to the completion of preventive treatment. To improve TPT adherence, we suggest tailored interventions based on factors associated with TPT completion, such as the individual (type of student, level of education, incidence of adverse events) and family characteristics (household income) of college students with LTBI, are identified as improving LTBI treatment completion.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2581-2588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Investigation of Measles Outbreaks in Somalia: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Abdimajid Said Siad, Abdirizak Mohamud Yusuf, Oche Joseph Otorkpa, Saido Gedi, Said Nuriye Abshir, Abdullahi Ahmed Tahlil, Naima Abdulkarim Abdullahi","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S507063","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S507063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Measles has been a significant and persistent public health challenge in Somalia, with frequent outbreaks reported across the country, which is grappling with a complex humanitarian crisis, decades of political instability, and recurrent natural disasters. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of measles by examining the affected individuals' outcomes, laboratory results, and demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study analyzing measles cases reported to the National Public Health Reference Laboratory across various states in Somalia, from January to June 2024. We then employed rigorous data analysis using SPSS version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1266 suspected measles cases received at the laboratory, 58.4% were confirmed as measles positive. The highest attack rate was observed in children under 1 year old, with 133 cases per 100,000 individuals. Males accounted for 57.4% of the cases, with an attack rate of 155 cases per 100,000 individuals. Overall, 98.3% of the cases were unvaccinated individuals. The highest number of cases was reported in the states of Banadir, Hirshabelle, and Galmudug, accounting for 32.6%, 20.5%, and 19.6%, respectively. The sex of the children was statistically associated with measles (p-value = 0.026), while age was also statistically significant (p-value = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendations: </strong>These findings indicate a significant measles outbreak, particularly among unvaccinated individuals, with children under 1 year old being the most vulnerable. Males showed a higher attack rate compared to females. To mitigate future outbreaks, health authorities should focus on intensifying vaccination campaigns in the most affected regions and age groups. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and raising public awareness about the importance of vaccination are also essential to prevent future outbreaks and improve public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"2589-2595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}