Infection and Drug Resistance最新文献

{"title":"Successful Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Intracranial Infection with Meropenem and Cefoperazone Sodium Sulbactam: A Case Report.","authors":"Wenke Ma, Chao Zhang, Bei He, Xinwen Lv, Peng Luo","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S495491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S495491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> intracranial infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, have posed an increasing challenge to treatment because of poor drug permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increased bacterial drug resistance. Therefore, we aimed to explore a therapeutic schedule for <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> intracranial infection.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We reported a case of intracranial infection caused by XDR <i>A. baumannii</i> after severe traumatic brain injury, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, and severe pneumonia that was successfully treated with meropenem and cefoperazone sodium sulbactam.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrated that meropenem combined with cefoperazone sodium sulbactam could still be a therapeutic option against intracranial XDR <i>A. baumannii</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1721-1727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination Coverage Covid-19 and Self-Reported Adverse Post-Vaccination Events in Mbuji-Mayi, DR Congo.","authors":"Rebecca Musuamba Tshipata, Chadrack Kabeya Diyoka, Chijindu N Nwakama, Laetitia Ngongo Mwanvua, Faustin Ndjibu Mpoji, Claude Muamba Mubalamata, Stéphanie Mbelu Kanyinda, Davina Bilonda Kasekelayi, Barry Mutombo Munyangama, Justine Mbelu Kashala, Criss Koba Mjumbe","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S504760","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S504760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examines covid-19 vaccine coverage among adults and describes self-reported post-vaccine adverse events and associated risk factors in Mbuji-Mayi.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted, with the study population including adults (18 years and older) who received at least one dose of vaccine in the Bonzola health zone in Mbuji-Mayi between 27 March 2023 and 27 June 2023. The Pearson chi-square test (χ2) and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29 and Epi Info 7.2.4.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A survey of 422 people showed that only 164 (38.86%) had been vaccinated, and 83.54% of these people had had bad reactions to the vaccine. Respondents were mainly men (50.4%) aged between 18 and 25 (52.44%). The most common vaccine was the Johnson & Johnson vaccine (43.8%), followed by the AstraZeneca vaccine (40.1%). The most frequent side effects after vaccination were moderate (fever and vomiting) and least frequent (cough and headache). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that age and sex (respectively 2,946 times (95% CI: 2,946-197,279), 10,019 times (95% CI: 1,214-82,660) and 55,489 times (95% CI: 5,742-536,248) higher than that of men) were associated with the occurrence of self-reported post-vaccination side effects, as well as fever, headache and cough.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In view of the sub-optimal rate of vaccination coverage, it is evident that the prevailing circumstances have not been immune to the occurrence of adverse events reported by stakeholders following vaccination against the new coronavirus (Covid-19). This underscores the necessity for rigorous safety monitoring. The dissemination of these findings, in conjunction with the results of vaccine clinical trials, has the potential to contribute to the reduction of mistrust, which is a persistent challenge in the context of vaccine hesitancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1687-1697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of <i>Aspergillus</i> Species, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Phenotypic Identification of Azole-Resistant Mutations in Cyp51A Gene Isolated from Xinjiang.","authors":"Aikedai Yusufu, Zubaidanmu Aizezi, Xiyidan Nuermaimaiti, Yiting Liu, Xiaodong Wang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S496489","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S496489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine the clinical distribution characteristics, in vitro antifungal susceptibility, and cyp51A mutation types of clinically isolated <i>Aspergillus</i> species in Xinjiang.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a total of 111 <i>Aspergillus</i> species were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin (<i>BenA</i>) genes for molecular identification, performed antifungal susceptibility testing on these isolates using Sensititre YeastOne, selected azole-resistant isolates based on the antifungal susceptibility results and amplified the cyp51A gene for identification of the azole resistance mutation phenotype in the selected isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common <i>Aspergillus</i> species was <i>A. fumigatus</i> (40.54%), followed by <i>A. niger</i> (18.02%),<i> A. tubingensis</i> (16.22%), <i>A. terreus</i> (13.51%), <i>A. flavus</i> (6.31%), <i>A. welwitschiae</i> (2.70%), <i>A. fumigatiaffinis</i> (1.80%), and <i>A. lentulus</i> (0.90%). The antifungal susceptibility test results showed that <i>A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. tubingensis, A. flavus</i> and <i>A. terreus</i> were completely sensitive to itraconazole, with sensitivity rates of posaconazole and voriconazole were 99.10% and 88.29%, respectively. The sensitivity rate to amphotericin B was the lowest (62.16%). The MIC values of amphotericin B and voriconazole for the two cryptic <i>Aspergillus</i> species, <i>A. lentulus</i> and <i>A. fumigatiaffinis</i> with high (>1mg/L). The azole non-susceptible or non-wild type rate was (15/111, 13.51%). Eleven azole-resistant <i>Aspergillus</i> species had cyp51A mutations, while four strains did not have any cyp51A mutations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the pathogenic <i>Aspergillus</i> species isolated from clinical cases in Xinjiang were diverse. Common pathogenic species showed the best in vitro antifungal activity against itraconazole, posaconazole, and echinocandins, whereas the MIC distribution of amphotericin B was significantly higher. Resistant strains may be mediated by point mutations in cyp51A, and phenotypic mutations are diverse. This information is of great significance for guiding the early diagnosis and antifungal therapy for aspergillosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1699-1711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Study of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy.","authors":"Zi-Jie Cao, Yi Sun, Feng-Ling Li","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S508092","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S508092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare and rapidly progressing acute encephalopathy characterized by seizures and changes in consciousness. This condition typically affects the thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum in a symmetrical manner, and if left untreated, is associated with significantly higher mortality rates. In recent years, with in-depth research on the etiology and pathogenesis of ANE, as well as continuous advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques, the understanding of this disease has gradually increased. However, the complexity and diversity of ANE still pose significant challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. In addition, due to its rarity, many clinical doctors have insufficient understanding of it, resulting in a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Therefore, this article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, pathology, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and prognosis related to ANE. Its purpose is to enhance clinical doctors' ability to identify and manage ANE, provide reference for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, and support ongoing research aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of this serious disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1713-1720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Antimicrobial Usage Among Undergraduate Medical Students in Universities and Institutes, Thamar, Yemen.","authors":"Abdulrahman Y Al-Haifi, Ali Salman Al-Shami, Khaled Mohammed Al-Akhali, Ali A Al-Mehdar","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S495806","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S495806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As future healthcare providers, medical students play a crucial role in the community. They are expected to prescribe antibiotics responsibly and educate patients about their proper use, which is essential in combating antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim was to evaluate how undergraduate medical students in Thamar Governorate understand, perceive, and use antibiotics. This includes their knowledge of antibiotic resistance and their practices related to antibiotic use.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Sample of 1000 medical students participated in a cross-sectional descriptive study. Which involved the use of a semi-structured survey questionnaire? Which featured both open-ended and closed-ended (multiple-choice) questions. The research team's modified questionnaire was completed by medical students themselves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the total of 1000 participants, 600 provided information on their antibiotic usage. Females constituted 51.7% and 60.3% had completed undergraduate education. A 52.2% of participants showed a good understanding of antibiotic usage and 63% used antibiotics as antibacterial, while smaller percentages used them as antivirals (18%), antifungals (13%), or antiparasitic (6%). However, 65.8% identified the indiscriminate administration of antibiotics as the primary catalyst for bacterial resistance and 61.7% reported using the full dose of antibiotics as prescribed, and only 65% dispensed antibiotics with a prescription. However, 70.7% admitted to taking antibiotics based on a pharmacist's recommendation without a prescription.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that medical students have an overall positive attitude and very good awareness, knowledge, and practice regarding antibiotic usage, resistance, and dispensing. However, high percentage of the participants admitted obtaining the antibiotic without a prescription.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1675-1686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Treatment of Fournier's Gangrene in Child with Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Julia Kołodziejczyk, Jakub Czarny, Stanisław Królak, Sandra Rutkowska, Sebastian Moryciński, Przemysław Mańkowski, Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, Jacek Wachowiak, Katarzyna Derwich, Olga Zając-Spychała","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S490240","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S490240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutropenia associated with onco-hematological treatment may contribute to high-mortality infections, especially caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. In a 4-year-old girl treated due to early isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, skin lesions with traits of Fournier's gangrene caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PsA). The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and the wound was debrided and treated with VAC (vacuum-assisted closure) successfully. Despite further intensive anticancer treatment complicated by reactivation of PsA infection, there was no other episode of invasive infection anymore and, nowadays, the patient has been in complete remission for 13 months. The aim of this report is to mention that Fournier's gangrene is a rapid and potentially fatal infectious complication of chemotherapy in onco-hematological pediatric patients, especially if caused by MDR (multidrug-resistant) pathogens. Successful treatment of this necrotizing fasciitis saves a patient's life and allows to continue an effective anticancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1667-1673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pediatric Intraspinal Paragonimiasis.","authors":"Yan Jiang, Yunying Yang, Helin Zheng, Siqi Hong, Xiujuan Li, Li Jiang, Chengbing Tan","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S513648","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S513648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central nervous system infection is the most common and severe clinical subtype of ectopic paragonimiasis. Intraspinal paragonimiasis is rarely reported. This study aimed to provide experience for diagnosis and treatment strategies of pediatric intraspinal paragonimiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective clinical analysis of patients hospitalized for intraspinal paragonimiasis between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine patients were included. The median age was 9 years. Clinical symptoms mainly included weakness (9/9), sensory disturbances (6/9), urinary retention (2/9), fever (4/9), chest pain (3/9), cough (2/9), dyspnea (2/9) and subcutaneous nodules (1/9). Spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed intraspinal extradural enhancing lesions in the thoracic spine in 8 patients and isolated cervical spinal cord lesions in 1 patient. Seven extradural lesions were connected with the pleural lesion and subcutaneous nodes. All patients received praziquantel without undergoing spinal surgery. After a median follow-up of 36 months, two patients had sequelae of mild weakness and urinary urgency, and seven patients recovered completely after a median time of 13 weeks of initial praziquantel treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric intraspinal paragonimiasis mainly involves the thoracic segment of the spine. Weakness is the most common manifestation, and some patients may develop sensory disturbances and sphincter dysfunction. Most patients can recover completely with praziquantel treatment. Lesion resection is no longer a necessary treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1657-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Modulating Antibiotic Use and Mitigating Bacterial Resistance in a Tertiary Care Setting During COVID-19.","authors":"Xueyan Zhang, Lijuan Zhou, Pingzhi Peng, Weiquan Zhang, Chunhong Liang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S500379","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S500379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite the widespread adoption of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs, their effectiveness varies because of differing regional policies and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to assess the impact of AMS at a Chinese tertiary care hospital on inpatient antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance during the COVID-19 outbreak.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An interrupted time-series regression analysis was conducted to compare inpatient antimicrobial use between pre- and post-intervention periods. The Chi-squared test and linear regression analysis were used to compare bacterial resistance and illustrate temporal trends in bacterial resistance, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the AMS strategy implementation, we observed a significant decrease in antimicrobial consumption at unrestricted (β2 = -6.38, P = 0.004), restricted (β2 = -17.81, P < 0.001), and special levels (β2 = -2.32, P < 0.001). Despite a reduction in the use of third-generation cephalosporins and macrolides (β2 = -6.85, P < 0.001; β2 = -2.82, P < 0.001), an increase in the trend of use was observed post-intervention (β3 = 0.15, P < 0.001; β3 = 0.04, P = 0.001). Methicillin resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> significantly decreased (β = -0.23, P < 0.001) from 52.85% to 40.92%. Conversely, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i> increased from 4.69% to 10.87% (P < 0.001), whereas resistance to <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> marginally decreased (P<0.05). We observed decreases in the antimicrobial utilization rate (β2 = -11.86, P = 0.003) and combination utilization rate (β2 = -12.36, P = 0.011) post-intervention. No significant changes in special-level antimicrobial and prophylactic agent use in category I incisional surgeries were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An AMS program in a Chinese tertiary facilitated effective management of antimicrobial use and reduction of bacterial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of combined infection prevention and control measures. The findings provide useful insights for the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship in future public health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1647-1656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological Factors and Development of a Predictive Model for Urinary Tract Infections in Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy.","authors":"Ying Yao, Lijun Tao, Li Ma, Yuhan Fan, Dongju Zheng, Jian Wang, Wen Chen","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S508574","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S508574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria causing urinary tract infections in cervical cancer patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Furthermore, to explore the risk factors and predictive factors associated with urinary tract infections, and to establish a personalized risk prediction model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study analyzed 160 cervical cancer patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy at the People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2020 to 2023. The clinical characteristics of the participants were collected, and in combination with microbiological culture results, the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infections were analyzed. Using logistic regression and multivariable logistic analysis, we established a predictive model that includes clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Urinary specimens were collected and analyzed from 52 patients with urinary tract infections. The incidence of urinary tract infections in cervical cancer patients after radiotherapy in this study was approximately 32.5%, with the predominant pathogens identified as <i>E. coli, E. faecalis, E. faecium</i>, and <i>P. mirabilis</i>. Invasive procedures (OR 4.202, 95% CI:1.003-17.608; <i>P</i>=0.050), history of ureteral stent insertion (OR 7.260, 95% CI:2.026-26.016; <i>P</i>=0.002), Concurrent chemotherapy (OR 2.587, 95% CI:1.010-6.623; <i>P</i>=0.048), and low serum albumin levels (OR 0.842, 95% CI:0.745-0.951; <i>P</i>=0.006) were identified as four key factors in the final predictive model. The calibration curve indicated a consistent alignment between the predicted probabilities from the nomogram model and the actual observed outcomes. With an AUC of 0.804 (95% CI: 0.727-0.881) for the ROC curve, the nomogram prediction model demonstrated strong predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>E. coli</i> remains the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections in cervical cancer patients with IMRT. The history of ureteral stent insertion, invasive procedures, concurrent chemotherapy, and serum albumin levels have been identified as independent risk factors of urinary tract infections in cervical cancer IMRT patients. The nomogram prediction model based on these factors can serve as a reference for clinicians to help prevent urinary tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1637-1645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Pyrazinamide Resistance in Newly Diagnosed TB Patients in Uganda.","authors":"Christopher Ndawula, Nalumaga Pauline Petra, Fredrickson B Wasswa, Joel Bazira","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S491770","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S491770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, 10.8 million people were diagnosed with tuberculosis during 2023 causing approximately 1.3 million deaths. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characterization of pyrazinamide resistance by detecting the <i>pncA</i> gene among newly diagnosed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> patients attending Bombo General Military Hospital, Central Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study looking at newly diagnosed TB patients in Bombo General Military Hospital. The sputum samples were confirmed TB positive using GeneXpert PCR technology, DNA extraction using the CTAB method, DNA amplification, and finally gel electrophoresis for <i>pncA</i> gene detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 166 sputum-positive tuberculosis samples were analyzed. Males were 91/166 (55%), while 115 (70%) of the positive sputum samples were positive HIV status. The majority (96%) of the newly diagnosed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> patients showed no detection of rifampicin resistance, while the rest 6/160 (4%) showed indeterminate rifampicin resistance. Of the 52 (31%) patients with positive <i>pncA</i> gene, 29 (56%) had HIV positive status 18 (34%) had unknown HIV status and 5 (10%) had negative HIV status. It was observed that only one patient 1 (2%) showed both rifampicin and pyrazinamide resistance and was a female patient aged 42 years of age with positive HIV status and positive <i>pncA</i> gene status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the important trends regarding drug resistance and its relationship with HIV status. The majority of patients (96%) did not exhibit rifampicin resistance, suggesting that multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis is not widespread among the newly diagnosed cases. The majority (56%) of the patients with the <i>pncA</i> gene mutation, were HIV-positive. This highlights the potential vulnerability of HIV-positive TB patients to multidrug resistance though the overall pyrazinamide resistance rate remains low.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1629-1635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}