Infection and Drug Resistance最新文献

{"title":"A Case of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Coinfection of Five Pathogens.","authors":"Sha Min, Qingqing Lu, Yiling Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S483156","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S483156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Severe pneumonia is a serious pulmonary infection, and its high morbidity and mortality are associated with underlying diseases, treatment-induced immunodeficiency, co-infection of multiple pathogens, and increase of multi-resistant pathogens; For severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) in immunocompromised patients, most of which are infected with rare atypical pathogens, mNGS as an unbiased and hypothesis-free approach to rapidly detect potential infectious agents in pulmonary mixed infections. The cases of simultaneous co-infection of five non-respiratory core pathogens represented by Nocardia farcinica have not been reported.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This article will elaborate on a case of immunocompromised patient with nephrotic syndrome after corticosteroid treatment, who was diagnosed as SCAP after hospital admission and relevant laboratory examination. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) metagenome next-generation sequencing (mNGS) method identified as Nocardia farcinica, Aspergillus fumigatus, Pneumocystis jirovecii, cytomegalovirus and human coronavirus OC43 five pathogens co-infection, the patient improved and he was discharged after receiving the combination treatment of imipenem, ganciclovir, compound sulfamethoxazole, and fluconazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For SCAP patients with immunocompromised, there may be possible co-infection of multiple rare pathogens, low positive rate of conventional laboratory tests, mNGS can quickly and accurately identify pathogens, which can be used for targeted drug treatment, promote the early recovery of patients and reduce the abuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1515-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amorphous Roxithromycin Loaded in-situ Gel for the Treatment of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Induced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.","authors":"Li Ji, He Bai, Ning Tao, Yanpeng Lei, Anyin Li, Cheng Wang, Pengfei Cui, Xiaofeng Gu","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S502389","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S502389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Upper respiratory tract infections are among the most prevalent respiratory diseases, imposing both financial and physical burdens on affected individuals. Roxithromycin (ROX), a primary drug for treating bacterial-induced respiratory tract infections, is typically administered orally due to its hydrophobic nature. However, the non-specific distribution resulting from oral administration reduces bioavailability and can cause side effects such as diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we prepared a thermo-sensitive in-situ gel using a facile and highly reproducible method by simply mixing two types of poloxamers with ROX.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ROX can be well dissolved in the poloxamer matrix in amorphous state to give solution. Upon intranasal administration, the ROX solution undergoes a phase transition to form in-situ gel under body temperature. This gel remains in the nasal cavity for an extended period, releasing the drug directly to the site of infection and minimizing non-specific distribution. Pharmacokinetic experiments revealed that, compared to oral administration, the bioavailability of local nasal administration increased by 1.5 times, and the drug concentration in the local nasal cavity increased by 8 times. In contrast, concentrations in the liver and small intestine did not significantly differ from those following oral administration. In vivo antibacterial experiments also showed that the ROX in-situ gel has superior antibacterial efficacy and excellent biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the thermo-sensitive ROX in-situ gel is a promising formulation for treating bacterial upper respiratory tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1471-1483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Conservative Treatment of a Rare Postoperative Complication of DBS-Brain Abscess: Case Series.","authors":"Guanghan Lu, Jingxuan Liu, Xiang Wei, Jiuqi Yan, Jian Sun, Wenwen Dong, Liang Zhao, Chang Qiu, Bei Luo, Wenbin Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S497124","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S497124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment option for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia, so more and more patients (over 160,000 patients till 2019) worldwide have undergone DBS for a variety of neurological and non-neurological conditions, with numbers increasing each year. This case series primarily discusses a very rare complication following DBS surgery -- brain abscess.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We administered vancomycin and metronidazole to patients who developed brain abscesses after undergoing DBS surgery based on previous literature. After treatment, the abscess lesions and infection symptoms completely resolved, resulting in a good therapeutic outcome without the removal of the DBS system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In previous studies, similar cases always involved surgical intervention to drain the pus while also removing the DBS system; however, in our cases, the patient did not have the DBS system removed and achieved a good prognosis. To our knowledge, our two cases are among the few where a conservative treatment approach has been used for brain abscesses after DBS surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1485-1490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Distribution Characteristics and Changes of Drug Resistance of Pathogens in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection Across Southwest China From 2019 to 2023.","authors":"Min Zhong, Xiangning Huang, Xin Liu, Hua Yu, Shanshan Long","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S512409","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S512409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the changes in the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria causing urinary tract infections in Southwest China from 2019 to 2023, and to provide an accurate scientific basis for empirical clinical use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The identification results and drug susceptibility tests of non-duplicate pathogens isolated from urine samples of patients in Sichuan region from 2019 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The results obtained were interpreted with reference to CLSI M100-33th and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 247295 strains of pathogens were detected, including 188551 gram-negative strains (76.2%). The positive rate of female patients (56.8%) was significantly higher than that of male patients (43.2%). The top five most common urinary pathogens were <i>Escherichia coli</i> (50.5%), <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (11.5%), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (8.5%), <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (6.5%), and <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (2.9%). The resistance rate of <i>E.coli</i> to levofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was higher (>50%) and had a certain upward trend. The resistance rates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> to imipenem and meropenem increased from 7.8% and 9.6% in 2019 to 11.6% and 13.2% in 2023, respectively, much higher than the resistance rates of <i>E. coli</i> to carbapenem antibiotics (<2%). <i>E. coli, K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>E. cloacae</i> still maintained high activity against tigecycline and polymyxin B. The drug resistance rate of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> to imipenem and meropenem was more than 27.4%. The resistance rates of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid were lower than 3.4%. There was an increasing trend in the detection of CRE-KPN among multidrug-resistant bacteria, and a slight decreasing trend in CRPA and CRAB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main pathogens of urinary tract infections were <i>E. coli, E. faecium</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. The drug resistance rates of main clinically isolated bacteria in urine samples showed a diverse trend. Antibiotics should be rationally selected based on the resistance patterns of the pathogens. At the same time, with the continuous detection of multi-drug resistant bacteria VRE and CRE, we have a long way to go in future drug resistance monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1491-1502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis in a Patient After Fetal Reduction Surgery With a Literature Review: A Case Report.","authors":"Xiaolu Cao, Peipei Jia, Lili Zhao, Xiulian Qiao, Yu Duan, Junxiao Jia, Jiangbo Xin","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S497721","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S497721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) is a rare but severe ophthalmic emergency that often results in vision-threatening complications and, in extreme cases, can be life-threatening. This report presents a successfully treated case of fungal endophthalmitis, offering insights into clinical management. A 35-year-old female experienced decreased vision in her right eye following fetal reduction surgery. Her best-corrected visual acuity was limited to 10 cm finger counting in the affected eye. Following systemic antifungal therapy combined with vitrectomy, her vision recovered significantly. Through a detailed case analysis and literature review, this study aims to guide clinical practice. In patients with suspected EFE, obtaining early vitreous samples for pathogen identification and initiating timely treatment is critical. Furthermore, early vitrectomy during disease progression, along with an appropriate dosage and duration of antifungal therapy, is essential for restoring visual function and preventing vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1465-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major Predominant Serotypes and Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Clinical Isolates in Middle and East China.","authors":"Wang-Kai Pan, Sui-Ning Chen, Mei-Juan Yang, Liang-Ping Tao, Mei-Qi Wang, Xin-Wei Zhang, Yin-Hai Xu, Jie Yan, Jiang-Feng Qin, Ai-Hua Sun","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S502323","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S502323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a common opportunistic pathogen. Predominant serotypes, virulence genes, and resistance characteristics of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates from patients in different regions of China require further investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates from patients and healthy individuals in middle and east China were identified using an auto-bacterial detector. Major serotypes and virulence genes in the isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction, while drug resistance of the isolates was determined using broth microdilution assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respiratory <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infection was observed in 70.0% of the patients. Of the <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates from patients, 42.3% were hypervirulent K (hvKp) serotypes, of which 30.1% and 37.0% belonged to K1 and K2 serotypes with 78.6-87.8% positive rates of <i>rmpA</i> and <i>rmpA2</i> virulence genes. The isolates from healthy individuals had fewer hvKp serotypes and <i>rmpA/rmpA2</i> genes (7.2% and 22.9%/26.5%). Resistance rates (38.6-79.5%) of the isolates from healthy individuals against 14 antibiotics were higher than those from patients (16.4-40.8%). The isolates from patients were sensitive to amikacin (83.6%) and polymyxin-B (93.9%) but presented 20.3% and 26.6% resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. The isolates from patients with urinary infections exhibited higher resistances (42.1-52%) to cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin than those from patients with respiratory or blood infections (22.4-39.3%). In the isolates from patients, the K47 and K64 serotypes exhibited multiple drug resistance (65-90%) against 14 antibiotics but all the hvKp serotypes displayed much lower antibiotic resistance (1.9-26.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>K1/K2 were the major predominant hvKp serotypes with <i>rmpA/rmpA2</i> virulence genes and carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains were prevalent in patients from middle and east China. The hvKp serotypes have low antibiotic resistance, but <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates from patients with urinary infections resist the cephalosporin/quinolone antibiotics for treatment of bacterial urinary infections. Amikacin and polymyxin-B can be used to treat drug-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1451-1464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndromes on The Prognosis and Immune Profile in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Patients.","authors":"Hongxiao Wu, Yameng Mu, Yuanni Liu, Ruihua Zhang, Yanli Xu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Chenxi Zhao, Wei Zhang, Ling Lin, Zhihai Chen","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S506378","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S506378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is the most common endocrine dysfunction in critically ill patients and is often associated with poor prognosis. Thyroid dysfunction and immune cell disturbances are frequently observed in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). This study aims to evaluate the impact of NTIS on the prognosis of SFTS patients and to explore the relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) and immune cell profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients admitted to Yantai Qishan Hospital for SFTS from January 2023 to December 2023 with no prior history of thyroid disease were retrospectively recruited. Multivariable regressions were used to assess the associations between NTIS and clinical outcomes. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between immune cells and THs. SFTS patients with NTIS were categorized into four subtypes based on different levels of FT4 and TSH, and the association between NTIS subtypes and mortality was further analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 84 SFTS patients included in the study, 62 (73.8%) were diagnosed with NTIS. Independent risk predictors which may affect prognosis of SFTS patients include NTIS subtype (<i>P</i> =0.002), viral load (<i>P</i> = 0.029), FT3 (<i>P</i> = 0.032), and FT4 (<i>P</i> = 0.041). SFTS patients with NTIS exhibited a higher mortality rate compared to euthyroid patients (<i>P</i> = 0.033). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that LYM, LYM%, MONO, MONO%, BAS, CD3+T, CD3+T%, Th, and Th% were positively correlated with FT3, FT4, or TSH levels. NTIS patients were more likely to present with coagulation abnormalities (APTT, <i>P</i> = 0.005; D-Dimer, <i>P</i> < 0.001), liver enzyme abnormalities (AST, <i>P</i> = 0.001), electrolyte imbalances (Sodium, <i>P</i> = 0.003), elevated LDH (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and increased ɑ-HBDH (<i>P</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NTIS is common in SFTS patients, and SFTS patients with NTIS have a lower survival rate compared to euthyroid patients. The mortality risk in NTIS type 3 patients is higher than in those with NTIS type 1.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1439-1449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Performance of Two Rapid Immunochromatographic Techniques for Detecting Carbapenemase in Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> Clinical Isolates.","authors":"Pingjuan Liu, Mengling Qin, Chenfeng Zhao, Siting Yi, Mengmin Ye, Kang Liao, Jiankai Deng, Yili Chen","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S506021","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S506021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rapid and accurate identification of carbapenemases in <i>Enterobacterales</i> isolates is of paramount importance for the selection of effective antibiotics and the control of hospital-acquired infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two immunochromatographic methods, NG-Test Carba 5 (Carba 5) and Goldstream Carbapenem-resistant K.N.I.V.O. Detection K-Set (K-Set) for detecting five major carbapenemase (KPC, NDM, IMP, OXA-48-like, and VIM). Carbapenemase genes were confirmed by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a total of 245 carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> (CRE) isolates were encompassed, with an overwhelming 96.7% of these strains exhibiting the ability to produce carbapenemase. A total of 58.2% of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains that produce KPC carbapenemase were the most prevalent among carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (CRE). NDM-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> accounted for 30.4%. Importantly, NDM-type carbapenemase emerges as the predominant form in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> strains, accounting for 46 (93.9%) and 20 (83.3%) cases, respectively. The performance of the two methods in carbapenemase detection has demonstrated remarkable outcomes, exhibiting overall specificity and sensitivity exceeding 99%. Specifically, the K-Set accurately detected a unique KPC-carbapenemase in <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, whereas Carba 5 was unable to identify it. This was due to the presence of a novel <i>bla</i> _KPC gene, which harbored a specific point mutation (A to G) at nucleotide position 787, differentiating it from the <i>bla</i> _KPC-33 gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These two methods, characterized by their simplicity, rapidity, and accuracy, are ideally suited for detecting carbapenemases in routine microbiology laboratories. They serve as a vital foundation for the rational selection of antibiotics in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1415-1424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Patient-Centered Care on Treatment Outcomes of Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Xi'an.","authors":"Hui Luo, Jinbao Ma, Xiaomou He, Yunzhou Ruan, Fei Ren, Liyun Dang, You Xu, Ali Zhao","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S484268","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S484268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A hospital in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, implemented patient-centered care services to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Given the high recurrence rate and treatment challenges of this disease, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of patient-centered care services compared to standard care in improving patient treatment adherence and reducing loss to follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort study included multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients diagnosed and treated at the Xi'an Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Descriptive statistics, survival analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the impact of patient-centered care services on treatment adherence. Data collection included patients' demographic characteristics, clinical data, treatment outcomes, and reasons for loss to follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 429 patients were included in the final analysis, with 166 in the standard-of-care group and 263 in the patient-centered care services group. The treatment success rate in the patient-centered care services group (86.3%) was significantly higher than the standard of care group (59.0%), and the loss to follow-up rate was significantly lower (6.8% vs 30.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that patient-centered care services significantly reduced the risk of loss to follow-up (adjusted odds ratio of 0.14). The main reasons for the loss of follow-up included economic difficulties, lack of knowledge, and inadequate social support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The patient-centered care services model significantly improved the treatment success rate and reduced the loss to follow-up rate for multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients, demonstrating potential benefits in managing drug-resistant tuberculosis. Based on these findings, exploring and optimizing the patient-centered care services model in other high-burden areas is recommended to enhance overall treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1425-1437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Utero Maternal-to-Fetal Transmission of COVID-19: An Immunological and Virological Study in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Hibah A Alzayer, Basavaraja C Hunasemarada, Arwa Alumran, Shaikha Aldossary, Reem A Al Dossary","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S501533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S501533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The pandemic potential of the virus along with its severity posed a threat to all individuals particularly pregnant women. Multiple studies suggested the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 with variable findings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to assess the frequency of COVID-19 vertical transmission and identify maternal and neonatal complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study of 17 months for all pregnant women attending for delivery who tested positive using SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 80) and their neonates (n = 81) who were tested by both SARS-CoV2 PCR and viral IgG and IgM antibodies detection using immunochromatography. A matched control group of PCR negative mothers (n = 51) was included. All testing was done within 24-48 hours, and the neonates of positive mothers were immediately and completely separated from their mothers as per the hospital policy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 263 individuals were included in the study. Out of 80 SARS-CoV2 PCR positive mothers, 4 (5%) had PCR positive neonates and one (1.3%) had SARS-CoV2 IgM positive neonates. The commonest presentation of COVID-19 in mothers were cough (11.4%) and dyspnea (10%). In addition, the need for ICU admission and antibiotics usage was significantly higher in SARS-CoV2 PCR positive mothers (p value 0.042, 0.003 respectively). On the other hand, neonates of SARS-CoV2 PCR positive mothers had a higher risk of low birth weight and NICU admission (p value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study, with its unique infection control protocol for managing SARS-CoV2 PCR-positive mothers and the use of immunological testing for neonates, provides evidence for in-utero SARS-CoV2 transmission, and interpretation of the results should be in conjunction with the WHO categorization of the timing of mother-to-fetal transmission. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of viral genetic evolution on the risk of maternal-fetal transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"1393-1403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}