Infection and Drug Resistance最新文献

{"title":"Resilience and Beyond the Acute Phase Challenges: Case Series on Prolonged COVID-19 Infection in Immunocompromised Individuals.","authors":"Kridsanai Gulapa, Dararat Eksombatchai, Tananchai Petnak, Viboon Boonsarngsuk","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S479764","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S479764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 infection is associated with an increased risk of severe illness and adverse outcomes in individuals with immunocompromising conditions. Immunocompromised patients may have difficulty with viral clearance, which can lead to persistent infection and potential relapses in viral replication.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Herein, we present four cases of persistent COVID-19 pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, including those with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, polyarteritis nodosa, and end-stage renal disease post-kidney transplant. Three patients had previously received rituximab. Notably, all patients in this cohort demonstrated positive anti-receptor binding-domain immunoglobulin G (IgG) and negative anti-nucleocapsid IgG values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Persistent COVID-19 infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of immunocompromised patients who exhibit ongoing symptoms or lack of improvement in chest X-ray findings following initial COVID-19 treatment. Early recognition, beyond the diagnosis of post-COVID organizing pneumonia, may significantly improve clinical outcomes with timely and appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otitis Media Progressing to Community-Acquired Meningitis in Diabetic Patients: A Case Report of K2-ST375 hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Literature Review.","authors":"Shanshan Jin, Hui Xie, Ruilan Wang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S490828","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S490828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community-acquired <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> meningitis (CA-KPM) can rapidly progress to invasive infection in healthy individuals. We present the case of a 54-year-old man with a history of acute suppurative otitis media and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who had been treated with oral antibiotics intermittently and irregularly for one month. His symptoms did not improve and continued to worsen, leading to fever and coma. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (KP) after 24 hours in the intensive care unit (ICU). Subsequent CSF culture confirmed a hypervirulent KP (hvKp) strain with capsular genotype K2 and sequence type (ST) 375. Fortunately, the patient made a full recovery with targeted antimicrobial therapy and was discharged. Despite the delayed diagnosis, the outcome was favorable. This case highlights the importance of clinicians, particularly otolaryngologists, maintaining a high index of suspicion for CA-KPM in patients with both otitis media and T2DM, emphasizing the need for timely multidisciplinary consultation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Analysis and Prediction Model Establishment for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Colonization: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Xiaolan Guo, Dansen Wu, Xiaoping Chen, Jing Lin, Jialong Chen, Liming Wang, Songjing Shi, Huobao Yang, Ziyi Liu, Donghuang Hong","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S485915","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S485915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to develop a predictive risk model for CRE colonization.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this study, 121 ICU patients from Fujian Provincial Hospital were enrolled between January 2021 and July 2022. Based on bacterial culture results from rectal and throat swabs, patients were categorized into two groups: CRE-colonized (n = 18) and non-CRE-colonized (n = 103). To address class imbalance, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied. Statistical analyses including T-tests, Chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-tests were employed to compare differences between the groups. Feature selection was performed using Lasso regression and Random Forest algorithms. A Logistic regression model was then developed to predict CRE colonization risk, and the results were presented in a nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After applying SMOTE, the dataset included 198 CRE-colonized patients and 180 non-CRE-colonized patients, ensuring balanced groups. The two groups were comparable in most clinical characteristics except for diabetes, previous emergency department admission, and abdominal infection. Eight independent risk factors for CRE colonization were identified through Random Forest, Lasso regression, and Logistic regression, including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score > 16, length of hospital stay > 31 days, female gender, previous carbapenem antibiotic exposure, skin infection, multi-site infection, immunosuppressant exposure, and tracheal intubation. The risk prediction model for CRE colonization demonstrated high accuracy (87.83%), recall rate (89.9%), precision (85.6%), and an AUC value of 0.877. Patients were categorized into low-risk (0-90 points), medium-risk (91-160 points), and high-risk (161-381 points) groups, with corresponding CRE colonization rates of 1.82%, 7.14%, and 58.33%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified independent risk factors for CRE colonization and developed a predictive model for assessing the risk of CRE colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Sepsis Patients with Early Antibiotic Treatment.","authors":"Yongru Chen, Chongyue Chen, Wei Chen, Wei Gai, Yafeng Zheng, Yuxin Guo, Zhaoning Wang, Yongsong Chen, Zhiming Cai","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S485102","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S485102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in sepsis patients who received early empirical antibiotic treatment.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from sepsis patients diagnosed in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) between April 2019 and May 2023. All patients underwent standard conventional microbiological testing. Patients were categorized into either the mNGS group or the control group based on whether they underwent mNGS tests. Baseline variables were matched using propensity scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 461 sepsis patients screened, 130 were included after propensity matching, with 65 patients in each group. Despite prior antibiotic treatment, 57 cases (87.69%) in the mNGS group had positive mNGS results, exceeding the culture detection rate (52.31%). Besides, a higher proportion of patients in the mNGS group experienced antibiotic adjustments compared to the control group (72.31% vs 53.85%). Mortality rates were also compared based on the duration of antibiotic exposure before mNGS sampling. Patients exposed to antibiotics for less than 24 hours had a lower mortality rate compared to those exposed for over 8 days (22.22% vs 42.86%). COX multivariate analysis identified mNGS testing, underlying diseases, lymphocyte percentage, infection site (respiratory and bloodstream) as independent risk factors for mortality in sepsis patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With increased antibiotic exposure time, the positive rate of culture testing significantly decreased (44.44% vs 59.52% vs 35.71%, <i>P</i> = 0.031), whereas the positive rate of mNGS remained stable (77.78% vs 88.10% vs 92.86%, <i>P</i> = 0.557). mNGS demonstrated less susceptibility to antibiotic exposure. Early mNGS detection positively impacted the prognosis of sepsis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Dilemma of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Pneumonia or Colonization: A Case Report.","authors":"Jia-Jie Zhong, Chia-Hung Tsai, Wen-Ying Lee","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S482829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S482829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) pneumonia presents diagnostic challenges due to there being no gold-standard criteria currently. Specimens from bronchoalveolar lavage can increase specificity, and cytohistological examination can prove virus infection. Patients with high viral load have been reported with poor outcomes and benefited from antiviral agent. We describe an 80-year-old man with severe pneumonia who initially showed improvement without antiviral therapy, despite viral inclusion bodies on sputum cytology and positive HSV1 polymerase chain reaction from sputum, though subsequent clinical deterioration due to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infection necessitated intensive care. This case highlights the complexities of diagnosing and managing HSV1 pneumonia, emphasizing the importance of integrating clinical suspicion, radiological imaging, and laboratory tests for timely therapeutic decisions in critically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifocal Cutaneous Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report.","authors":"Youming Mei, Hongsheng Wang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S482501","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S482501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infection caused by <i>Mycobacteria tuberculosis</i>, the rare <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> and the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. This disease has many clinical types with diverse clinical manifestations, mainly includes lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, orificial tuberculosis and scrofuloderma that are difficult to identify. We report a case of cutaneous tuberculosis in a female who presented with disseminated papular and nodular lesions on her face and hands. The results of skin biopsy, PCR, and IGRA test contributed to the diagnosis. All lesions were resolved leaving only superficial scars after 5 months treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiomics Analysis Reveals Significant Disparities in the Oral Microbiota and Metabolites Between Pregnant Women with and without Periodontitis.","authors":"Min Zhao, Changyi Yang, Linhong Zhu, Xiaoqian Guo, Haiyan Ma, Yuanhao Luo, Qi Wang, Juanjuan Chen","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S475164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S475164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Our study investigated the disparities and correlations between oral microbiota and metabolites in pregnant patients with and without periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subgingival plaque samples from all subjects were collected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing and broad-target metabolomics analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty pathogens, including <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, <i>Eubacterium saphenum</i>, <i>Gemella morbillorum</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, <i>Streptococcus anginosus</i> group, Selenomonas sputigena etc, were significantly enriched in pregnant patients with periodontitis (PPP). Conversely, symbiotic species such as <i>Morococcus cerebrosus</i>, <i>Streptococcus vestibularis</i>, <i>S.</i> <i>salivarius</i>, <i>S.</i> <i>mitis</i>, and <i>S.</i> <i>pneumoniae</i> were significantly more abundant in healthy controls (HCs). A total of 87 predicted functional modules (PFMs) exhibited significant differences between the two groups; eight PFMs showed high enrichment in PPP with involvement of PPP-enriched species within these pathways. The remaining 79 PFMs encompassing ribonucleotide biosynthesis, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism were highly abundant in HCs. For oral microbial metabolome, a total of 105 metabolites related to 150 KEGG pathways displayed significant differences between the two groups. Pathways such as pyruvate metabolism, folate biosynthesis, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway along with their associated metabolites were found to be enriched in PPP, while carbohydrate metabolism predominated among HCs. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between species enriched in PPP and metabolites enriched in PPP, but significant negative associations between species enriched in PPP and metabolites enriched in HCs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings provide potential biomarkers for distinguishing periodontitis during pregnancy while offering valuable insights into mechanisms exploration and clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Pan-Drug Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> from a Child with an Infected Burn Wound at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda.","authors":"Innocent Ndikubwimana, Noel Gahamanyi, Thaddée Bwanakweli, Henri Desire Uwayo, Gaspard Habimana, Tanya Rogo","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S486519","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S486519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units, and is prevalent in nosocomial infections and cystic fibrosis. The increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) complicate the treatment of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections, especially because of the multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug resistant (PDR) strains.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 4-year-old male with severe burns covering 45% of his body surface who developed nosocomial PDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK) in Rwanda. A wound culture yielded a PDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolate that was resistant to all the tested antimicrobials, with intermediate resistance to colistin. However, the patient improved with a combination of ceftazidime and amikacin following cessation of fever and successful skin grafting. The patient was discharged on day 95.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>P. aeruginosa</i> is a common hospital-acquired pathogen that is particularly challenging to treat, owing to its antimicrobial resistance profile and biofilm production. Antibiotic-resistant strains are a significant public health threat, especially in pediatric burn units. This case underscores the critical need to strengthen infection prevention and control measures together with robust antimicrobial stewardship programs. Molecular characterization of this PDR strain will yield further details regarding its virulence and genotyping.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11516630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Accuracy of Peripheral Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Comparative Evaluation of CapitalBio^TM <i>Mycobacterium</i> Nucleic Acid Detection Test and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Isothermal RNA Amplification Assay Using Endobronchial Ultrasonography with Guide Sheath.","authors":"Lihong Zhou, Yan Yong, Hao Li, Qin Hu","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S476732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S476732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The diagnosis of tuberculosis located in the peripheral zone remains challenging and requires ultrasound bronchoscopy-guided maneuvers. We assessed the precision of CapitalBio^TM <i>Mycobacterium</i> nucleic acid detection test (CapitalBio MTB test) and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> isothermal RNA amplification test (MTB-RNA) using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) for peripheral pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and compared it with those of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and MTB culture tests.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis included 287 patients suspected of peripheral pulmonary tuberculosis who underwent EBUS-GS examinations, medical examination results of AFB smears, MTB culture, CapitalBio MTB test, and MTB-RNA were analyzed. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and its diagnostic accuracy for peripheral PTB was evaluated in comparison with the final clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC of CapitalBio MTB test were 44.83%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 54.07%, and 0.72, respectively; those of MTB-RNA were 22.99%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 45.75%, and 0.61, respectively, and those for parallel test (CapitalBio MTB test or MTB-RNA) were 46.55%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 54.85%, and 0.73, respectively. These values for AFB smear were 9.2%, 97.35%, 84.21%, 41.04%, and 0.53, respectively, and those of MTB culture were 31.03%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 48.50%, and 0.69, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CapitalBio MTB test showed the best diagnostic performance compared with AFB smear, MTB culture, and MTB-RNA assays and was similar to the parallel test (CapitalBio MTB test or MTB-RNA). The CapitalBio MTB test combined with EBUS-GS had satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing peripheral PTB.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) Colonization Status at Time of Hospital Admission and the Subsequent Development of CRE Infection and Mortality in High-Risk Patients.","authors":"Basem M Alraddadi, Emily L G Heaphy, Muhannad S Alzahrani, Mouad Alqadi, Moayad Sami Qashqari, Mohammed S Alhuthali, Mohammad Kamal Al Hroub, Lama Hefni, Abeer N Alshukairi, Yasser Aldabbagh, Mohammed Qutub","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S479487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S479487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to determine the impact of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization status on development of CRE infection and 30-day mortality outcomes in high-risk patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from October 2022 to July 2023. It included all patients aged 14 years and older admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), the renal transplant unit and the oncology units who were screened for CRE colonization upon hospital admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 246 patients comprised the study population and 37 patients (56.8% ICU, 13.5% renal transplant unit, and 29.7% oncology units) had a positive CRE screening test. The majority of the isolates (59.5%) were OXA-48. Almost one-third (32.1%) of the patients had diabetes mellitus and 55.3% had any underlying immunosuppression. Eight (3.3%) patients had a confirmed CRE infection and 35 (14.2%) patients died within 30 days of screening. A positive CRE screening test significantly increased the likelihood of 30-day mortality for this high-risk patient population (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.10-8.51, p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A substantial percentage of the high-risk patients had a positive CRE screening test at the time of hospital admission and CRE-colonization status predicted 30-day mortality. Further studies are needed to determine the best practices for CRE screening as a strategy to prevent infection and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}