Infection and Drug Resistance最新文献

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of a Licorice-Resveratrol Lollipop for Targeting <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Biofilm and Antimicrobial Resistance.","authors":"Sandip Patil, Gauri Suresh Powar, Swapnil Harale, Sunil T Galatage, Sixi Liu, Bruno Silvester Lopes, Devender Kumar Sharma, Abhinandan Ravsaheb Patil, Feiqiu Wen","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S537534","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S537534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Streptococcus mutans</i> is a key pathogen in dental caries, and the development of novel antimicrobial formulations is crucial to combat its resistance. This study aimed to evaluate a licorice-resveratrol medicated lollipop formulation (LRML) for its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against <i>S. mutans</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The LRML was developed using a heating and congealing method, incorporating licorice extract (5% w/w) and resveratrol (2% w/w) in a sucrose-based matrix. The physicochemical properties of the formulation, including hardness, drug content uniformity, moisture content, and dissolution profile, were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was assessed through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and time-kill assays. Anti-biofilm activity was evaluated using a crystal violet assay. The stability of the formulation was determined under accelerated conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LRML formulation showed efficient drug release, with formulation number LRML-7 demonstrating 96.87% release within 45 minutes. The antimicrobial tests revealed significant bactericidal effects against <i>S. mutans</i> at concentrations above 0.2 µg/mL, with a notable reduction in bacterial growth in time-kill assays. The formulation also demonstrated substantial inhibition of biofilm formation at both MIC and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) levels. Stability studies confirmed that the formulation retained its physicochemical properties over three months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LRML exhibited promising antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against <i>S. mutans</i>, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic option for managing dental infections. Further clinical studies are required to optimize the formulation's efficacy and clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3933-3946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12338328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scopoletin and Scoparone from <i>Viola philippica</i> Attenuate the Virulence of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by Inhibiting Quorum Sensing-Related Genes.","authors":"Yanfen Luo, Shebin Zhang, Songbang Ou, Cong Shen, Qian Xiao, Weiying Chen, Jieying Pu, Jianming Zeng, Dexiang Zheng, Bin Huang, Cha Chen","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S530778","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S530778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Quorum sensing (QS) system is crucial for biofilm formation, virulence and survival of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>). With the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, QS inhibitors (QSIs) are seen as potential agents to mitigate infections. Plant-based natural products are rich sources of anti-QS compounds. <i>Viola philippica</i> Cav. (<i>Violaceae</i>) is traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases, respiratory diseases and anti-microbials. However, its anti-QS effects against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> are poorly understood. We aimed to reveal the effects of scopoletin and scoparone from <i>V. philippica</i> Cav. extract (VPE) on QS-related virulence phenotypes and genes in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Compounds in VPE were identified using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS). Virulence factors of PAO1, including pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, elastase, hemolysin, swarming and swimming motility, and biofilm formation, were evaluated. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect virulence-related genes. Bioassays for the QS inhibitory activity of VPE and its compounds were performed using <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> (<i>C. violaceum</i>) CV026.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of VPE inhibited QS-related virulence factors in PAO1, including pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, biofilms, and swarming motility. Scopoletin and scoparone, two coumarin derivatives identified in VPE using UHPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS, also showed anti-QS activity against PAO1. These compounds reduced pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, and hemolysin production, elastase activity, biofilm formation and swarming motility. Further RT-qPCR assays revealed that scopoletin and scoparone universally suppress QS-associated genes (<i>lasI, rhlI</i> and <i>pqsA</i>) in PAO1, primarily during the early and middle stages of growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Scopoletin and scoparone, two previously uncharacterized coumarin derivatives from VPE, were identified as novel QSIs. They are responsible for VPE's effect on weakening QS-controlled virulence of PAO1 by inhibiting QS-related genes. This study provides a laboratory basis for using scopoletin and scoparone as promising anti-virulence candidates for adjuvant therapy against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3891-3906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Changing Face of Helminth Infections: A 15-Year Temporal Analysis from Eastern Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdullatif S Al Rashed","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S534342","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S534342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Helminth infections remain a significant health challenge worldwide, particularly in regions with diverse population demographics like Saudi Arabia. This retrospective study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile, temporal trends, and seasonal patterns of helminth infections in Eastern Saudi Arabia over a 15-year period (2009-2024).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive retrospective analysis of data from helminth-positive patients attending King Fahd Hospital of The University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. We analyzed demographic characteristics, helminth species distribution, temporal trends, and seasonal patterns among 115 confirmed cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population had a mean age of 40.20 ± 12.64 years, with most infections (59.1%) occurring in the 36-50 age group. Female patients comprised 55.7% (n = 64) of the study population, while males accounted for 44.3% (n = 51). Non-Saudi nationals represented 83.5% of cases, with Filipino (29.6%) and Indian (17.4%) nationals most frequently affected. <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (31.3%) and hookworm (16.5%) were the predominant helminth species. The highest number of cases was recorded in 2013 (14.8%), with a notable declining trend thereafter. Winter exhibited the highest prevalence (36.5%) of infections, and 63.5% of cases presented as emergency visits. Gender-specific seasonal patterns were observed, with females showing higher spring prevalence (37.5%) and males higher autumn prevalence (33.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals distinct epidemiological patterns of helminth infections in Eastern Saudi Arabia, characterized by predominance among non-Saudi nationals, winter seasonality, and declining trends over the study period. These findings highlight the need for targeted screening among expatriate populations and season-specific preventive strategies in non-endemic settings with substantial migrant populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3919-3931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Antibiotic Resistance Features for Extended-Spectrum Betalactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Bloodstream Infections and Predictors of Poor Prognosis in Neonatal Patients.","authors":"Weijun Yan, Jiahui Liang, Minxue Liu, Xuehua Hu, Huan Zhang, Jing Guo, Linlin Li","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S530585","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S530585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase <i>Enterobacterales</i> (ESBL-E) are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, profiles of antibiotic susceptibility, and risk factors associated with BSIs caused by <i>E. coli</i> (ESBL-EC) and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (ESBL-KP), and identify risk factors for poor prognosis in neonatal patients with <i>E. coli</i> or <i>K. pneumoniae</i> BSIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the period from January 2017 to December 2023, a retrospective case-control study was conducted at Guangxi Children's Hospital in China. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics were collected. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and clinical risk factors associated with ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP BSIs were systematically evaluated, along with independent predictors of poor prognosis in neonates with ESBL-EC or ESBL-KP BSIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 139 patients with <i>E. coli</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> BSIs were enrolled, comprising 29 patients with ESBL-EC, 13 patients with ESBL KP, 10 patients with carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (CRKP), and 87 patients with non-ESBL strains of BSIs. ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP demonstrated elevated resistance rates to the majority of clinically commonly used antibiotics. Late premature infant, very low birth weight, cesarean section, pneumonia, and mechanical ventilation were associated with the development of ESBL strains BSIs. Furthermore, very premature infants, extremely low birth weight, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and isolation of CRKP were significantly correlated with a poor prognosis. Hypoalbuminemia (OR: 3.922, 95% CI: 1.189-12.937, <i>p</i>=0.025) and the isolation of CRKP (OR: 11.548, 95% CI: 1.785-74.708, <i>p</i>=0.010) were independent predictors of poor prognosis for <i>E. coli</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> BSIs in neonatal patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Late premature infant, very low birth weight, cesarean section, pneumonia, and mechanical ventilation were associated with the development of ESBL strains BSI. More attention should be paid to ESBL strains causing BSI in the neonatal population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3907-3918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogens at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (2019-2024): A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Joel Bazira, Nalumaga Pauline Petra, Constance Nakimuli Nakato, Abel W Walekhwa, Brenda Nakazibwe, Simon Kawuma","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S523848","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S523848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections globally, with significant morbidity and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 939 urine culture- positive records from January 2019 to December 2024 was conducted. Isolates were identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. Data on patient demographics, uropathogen distribution, and resistance trends of organisms with greater than or equal to 25 isolates were analyzed using Python-based statistical methods, including Chi-square and Mann-Kendall trend analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most isolated pathogen, accounting for 428 isolates (45.6%), followed by <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. with 385 isolates (41.0%) while <i>Citrobacter</i> spp. and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. contributed 42 (4.5%) and 26 (2.8%) isolates, respectively. The cases were dominated by females (69.0%). There was an extremely high resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics such as ampicillin (91.3%) and sulfamethoxazole (91.6%). Carbapenem resistance was overall low (≤10.3%) but also had a statistically significant rising trend in <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (p = 0.0415). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was present in 56.9% of the isolates, predominantly in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. and 70% of the MDR isolates were ESBL producers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the urgent need for routine culture and sensitivity, and updated treatment guidelines to address the rising AMR among uropathogens in Uganda.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3875-3890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Corynebacterium striatum</i> is Not Just a Contaminant: Experience with Antibiotic Treatment of Spondylodiscitis in an Immunocompetent Adult.","authors":"Shi-Mei Huang, Shuang Wang, Su-Fei Pan, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Ji-Liang Wang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S513649","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S513649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Corynebacterium striatum</i> is a commensal skin agent rarely described as a cause of infective spondylodiscitis. In this study, we report the first case of an infected patient who was successfully treated with conservative measures.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 54-year-old immunocompetent patient presented with progressive low back pain that had persisted for 1 month. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal signals in the L4-L5 vertebrae, indicating lumbar spine infection. Laboratory investigations revealed elevation of the serum C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Blood and disc biopsy tissue cultures produced cream-colored round raised colonies on blood agar plates, which were identified as <i>C. striatum</i> using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. Based on the antibiotic sensitivity test results, vancomycin and linezolid were sequentially administered to treat <i>C. striatum</i> infection; however, this strategy proved ineffective after 12 days. Despite delayed symptomatic treatment, the patient was successfully treated with a 2-week course of linezolid based on the use of amikacin to control other pathogens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>C. striatum</i> can cause discitis in patients without any medical or surgical complications. The infection was successfully treated with anti-infective agents, providing empirical information on spinal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3867-3873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Validation of a Nomogram Prediction Model for the Risk of Cefoperazone Sodium/Sulbactam Sodium-Related Coagulation Disorders.","authors":"Mengjun Min, Jing Zeng, Mingyue Zou, Yingxian Peng","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S534366","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S534366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To construct and validate a nomogram prediction model for the risk of cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium (CPZ/SAM)-related coagulation disorders in hospitalized patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients treated with CPZ/SAM from January 2022 to December 2024 were enrolled and divided into a coagulation disorder group and a control group based on the occurrence of coagulation disorders. Clinical data were collected to identify risk factors and construct a nomogram model, which was validated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 439 patients were included, with 86 cases (19.59%) in the coagulation disorder group and 353 cases in the control group. Multivariate analysis identified malnutrition, recent bleeding history, prolonged treatment duration with CPZ/SAM, combination use with carbapenems, and elevated serum creatinine as independent risk factors. The constructed nomogram had an AUC of 0.845, demonstrating good calibration ability (χ²=2.312, P=0.891), providing moderate net benefit in predicting the incidence of coagulation disorders, with consistent agreement between predicted and actual probabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nomogram model effectively identifies high-risk patients, indicating that attention should be paid to the risk of coagulation disorders in patients with the above risk factors during CPZ/SAM treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3859-3866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Meropenem Plasma Concentration and Its Correlation with Sepsis Mortality: A Real-World Retrospective Study.","authors":"Zi Wei Deng, Wei Fu, Feng Chen, Hong Qiang Wang, Yin Hua Deng, Yan Yan","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S514088","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S514088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Meropenem is a first-line antibiotic for sepsis in settings with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms due to its broad-spectrum activity. However, the relationship between meropenem plasma concentration and prognosis of sepsis is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether optimizing meropenem plasma levels improves 28-day outcomes in sepsis patients, while also exploring the potential impact of continuous versus intermittent infusion methods.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This real-world retrospective study included 202 sepsis patients treated with meropenem at Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. Patients received either prolonged intravenous infusion or intermittent intravenous infusion of meropenem, as determined by the attending physician. Prolonged infusion involved a 3-hour duration with an infusion pump, while intermittent infusion lasted 30 minutes to 1 hour. Patients were grouped by the quartiles of meropenem plasma concentration (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) to facilitate analysis of dose-response relationships and control for variability in plasma concentration distributions. Mortality rates at 7, 14, and 28 days, as well as the detection rates of resistant bacteria and ICU length of stay, were compared among groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prolonged intravenous infusion yielded higher meropenem plasma concentrations compared to intermittent infusion (<i>P</i>=0.024), aligning with expected therapeutic targets for optimal antimicrobial efficacy. However, no significant differences were observed in mortality rates at 7, 14, and 28 days between infusion methods or across plasma concentration quartiles. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed these findings after adjusting for confounding factors. Additionally, no significant differences were found in resistant bacteria detection rates or ICU length of stay across quartiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While prolonged infusion increases plasma meropenem concentration, it does not impact 28-day mortality risk, ICU stay, or resistant bacteria detection in sepsis patients. These findings suggest that prolonged infusion may not offer significant clinical advantages over intermittent infusion and highlight the importance of balancing antibiotic use with stewardship principles (Graphical abstract).</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3847-3857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shu-Feng-Jie-Biao Formula Ameliorates Influenza A Virus-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NF-κB and ERK MAPK Signaling Pathways.","authors":"Biao Lei, Wenbo Huang, Wei Peng, Jingwen Mu, Yi Liu, Chunxian Zhou, Ting Cheng, Xiaojiao Wei, Lingyun Pan, Yuejuan Zheng, Bangjiang Fang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S499548","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S499548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Shu-Feng-Jie-Biao formula (SFJBF) has been used to treat acute respiratory infections for a dozen years. This study aimed to explore its mechanisms and effects for the treatment of influenza.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Network pharmacology was used to explore the underlying mechanism of SFJBF against influenza. The protective effects of SFJBF in vivo were evaluated by lung indexes, body weight loss and pathological changes in lungs. The anti-inflammatory effects in vivo were evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISA. RAW264.7 cells stimulated with imiquimod (R837) were used to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of SFJBF. Neutrophils isolated from bone marrow were activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to validate the effects of the active components of SFJBF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SFJBF protected body weight loss, decreased lung indexes, reduced total protein content in lungs and mitigated pathological changes in mice. SFJBF inhibited the expression of chemokines (<i>Cxcl2</i> and <i>Ccl2</i>) and cytokines (<i>Il1b</i> and IL-6) accompanied by the decreased infiltration of neutrophils in lungs. SFJBF inhibited the expression of iNOS and MPO in lungs. The synergistic role of OSV and SFJBF was exhibited by suppressing virus-induced cytokine expression and reducing the infiltration of inflammatory monocytes in lungs. SFJBF inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-κBp65, thereby reducing the secretion of MIP-2, TNF-α, MCP-1 and CCL5 in vitro The active components of SFJBF, including baicalin and wogonin, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), MIP-2, MCP-1, and IL-6 in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SFJBF ameliorated virus-induced lung injury by suppressing overactivated immune responses via NF-κB and ERK MAPK signaling pathways, thereby protecting mice from influenza virus infection. SFJBF could be considered a potent therapeutic agent for treating influenza.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3829-3846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12325107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous Melioidosis Presenting as a Red Nasal Plaque: A Case Report.","authors":"Sarocha Huang, Pitak Santanirand, Suwichak Chairanaicharoen, Teerapong Rattananukrom","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S524877","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S524877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melioidosis, caused by <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, is endemic to tropical regions. Cutaneous forms, often presenting as non-healing ulcers, are rare and may mimic other skin diseases. Recognizing risk factors is key to prompt diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 51-year-old female with a 2-month history of chronic erythematous plaques on her nose. Aerobic tissue culture confirmed the diagnosis of primary cutaneous melioidosis by identifying <i>B. pseudomallei</i>. There was no evidence of systemic involvement, and blood culture results were negative. The patient was successfully treated with oral sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim monotherapy. After three months of treatment, the lesion resolved completely, leaving an atrophic scar. At the eight-month follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates an atypical presentation of cutaneous melioidosis without systemic involvement, which was effectively treated with oral sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim monotherapy. A comprehensive evaluation to exclude dissemination is critical for ensuring successful treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":"18 ","pages":"3779-3783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}