Agriciltural microbiology最新文献

{"title":"BIOSYNTHESIS OF PHYTOHORMONES AND VIRULENCE OF АZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM 2.1 — CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. INOCULANT","authors":"S. Kozar, O. M. Bilokonska, N. Kravchenko","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.35.17-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.35.17-27","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the properties (production of phytohormonal substances and virulence) of a new highly effective strain of associative bacteria of the genus Azotobacter. Methods. Phytohormonal activity was established by bioassays. Microbiological (obtaining a suspension of Azotobacter chroococcum 2.1, determining the titre by sowing on a digest medium; microscopy of stained imprint smears of the internal organs of the studied animals and cultivation of tissue samples on a digest medium) and patho-anatomical (determination of possible invasiveness and dissemination of bacteria in the tissue of internal organs of animals) methods were applied. The study was conducted on a model of outbred white mice, after oral dosing of a suspension of live bacterial cells ranged from 0.5×109 to 5×109 CFU in 0.5 cm3 of sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution per mouse and intraperitoneal dosing ranged from 1×109 to 5×109 CFU/0.5 cm3. Statistical calculations were carried out using analysis-of-variance method. Results. A new A. chroococcum 2.1 strain synthesizes auxin-like substances more intensively than gibberellin-like and cytokinin-like substances. A 1:100 dilution of the culture fluid is the most effective. The obtained results of the studies on the possible pathogenicity of bacteria indicate that no deviations in the behaviour of mice were detected after oral dosing of a suspension of living Azotobacter cells. Microbiological tests of the internal organs of the experimental animals after the beginning of the tests and after 15 days revealed that Azotobacter is not infective, does not reproduce and does not disseminate in the body of warm-blooded animals. Intraperitoneal and oral dosing of a live cell culture suspension of A. chroococcum 2.1 did not cause bacterial invasion into the internal organs of white mice. Retrocultures were not detected. Conclusion. A. chroococcum 2.1 produces auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins. The parabolic nature of the influence of dilutions of the culture liquid of the studied strain A. chroococcum 2.1 on the test cultures (wheat coleoptiles, corn mesocotyles and cucumber cotyledons) was revealed, which is a consequence of the production of phytohormonal substances. The new strain produces auxin-like substances most intensely. The obtained data indicate the avirulence of the strain for warm-blooded animals (LD50 intraperitoneal > 5 billion cells/mouse, LD50 oral > 5 billion cells/mouse). According to the data on the lack of virulence, without taking into account the levels of toxigenicity, toxicity, allergenic capacity and dysbiotic action, A. chroococcum 2.1 can be considered non-pathogenic.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131275980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FUNGAL PATHOGENIC COMPLEX OF THE ROOT ZONE OF CULTIVATED SOYBEAN PLANTS","authors":"H. Tsekhmister, Y. Kopylov, A. Kyslynska","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.35.73-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.35.73-81","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To characterize the fungal pathogenic complex of the root zone of cultivated soybean plants grown on sod-medium podzolic soil, to identify the most harmful pathogens of root diseases. Methods. Phytopathogenic micromycetes were isolated from affected soybean plants. For this, segments of plant material (roots, seeds, leaf blade) (3–5 mm) were thoroughly washed for 15 min under running water, their surface was sterilized with 96 % ethyl alcohol for 1 min, washed twice with sterile water and placed in Petri dishes on 4 % wort agar with 250 ppm streptomycin and placed in a thermostat (26 °C). At Day 4, isolates were obtained on wort agar and grown for 14 days at 26 °C. Confirmation of the pathogenicity of the selected isolates was carried out in a sterile vegetative experiment on Strive variety soybean plants. To do this, 1 dm3 glasses were filled with a substrate containing 50 g of consolidated vermiculite and 200 g of water and sterilized for 1 hour at 1.5 atm. Healthy soybean seeds were pre-selected, thoroughly washed under running water and sprouted in a humid chamber for 2 days so that the seedlings had a root length of 1–2 cm and carefully washed in sterile tap water. Ten soybean sprouts were placed in each glass and 3 mL of an aqueous spore-mycelial mixture of selected isolates (experiment) or 3 mL of sterile water (control) were added. At Day 14, the plants were removed, thoroughly and carefully washed, the number of affected plants was counted (% prevalence) and the dry matter of roots and shoots was measured. Results. A total of 16 strains of fungi, the causative agents of root diseases, were isolated in pure culture from roots, seeds and leaf plates of affected soybean plants. The isolated pathogens belonged to the genera Fusarium Link:Fr, Alternaria (Fr.) Keissler, Verticillium Nees. The phytopathogenic effect of fungi of the genus Verticillium isolated from the washed roots of soybean plants was insignificant. Fusarium was represented by F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliforme var. lactis, F. gibbosum, among which F. gibbosum exerted the greatest phytopathogenic effect. The isolated F. gibbosum C4 affects seedlings first. The roots of the affected plants develop poorly, the plants are easily pulled out and lag behind in growth and development. Among the selected Alternaria strains, A. consortiale C8 which was characterized by rapid growth, turned out to be the most harmful. A. consortiale C8 first affects seedlings, then appears on other parts of plants: roots, stems, leaves. On soybean leaves, the first sign of alternaria leaf spots is dark brown spots of various sizes and shapes, the leaves wither and die. Affected plants lag behind in growth. Infection of soybean plants by phytopathogenic fungi leads to a decrease in the content of dry matter both in the roots and in the aboveground mass of the plants. In the case of F. gibbosum C4 infection, the content of dry matter in the roots decreased by 27 %, in the aboveground mass ","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"41 33-34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123421190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY IN THE NATURAL PHYTOPHAGES ENVIRONMENT (IN THE CONTEXT OF LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA SAY. POPULATION)","authors":"M. Boiko, M. Patyka, Yulia Borko, Т. Patyka","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.35.66-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.35.66-72","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To evaluate the functional activity of entomopathogenic strains of Bacillus thuringiensis 87 and 800 during bioassay on the target object — the Colorado beetle population depending on the characteristics of bacterial cultivation. Methods. Microscopic, microbiological (to cultivate bacteria on different media and determine the spore titre), bioassay (on the larvae of the natural population of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say during the period of dominance of the younger age (L1–2), model laboratory and field experiments with potatoes (to determine the degree of entomocidity of the studied strains), weight (to estimate the yield of potatoes during continuous harvesting from plots), biochemical (to determine the content of starch and sugar in potato tubers), statistical. The entomocidal activity of the spore-crystal complex of bacteria was calculated according to Abbott and Franz. Results. The highest productive yield of entomocidal components in liquid presentations of B. thuringiensis occurs on yeast-polysaccharide and cabbage digest media (spore titre ranges from 2.2 to 3.1 billion/mL and 3.6 and 4.7 billion/mL, respectively). According to the entomocidal activity against the larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. (L1–4), strains of B. thuringiensis 800 and 87 demonstrated effective parameters from 96.0% and higher at Day 10 of the laboratory experiment. In field conditions, the high functionality of B. thuringiensis 87 (entomocidal activity 95.0–98.0 %), which is not inferior to the chemical variant of spraying potato plants (Koginor, where the death of larvae at Day 7–10 is 96.0–99.0 %). Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, the efficiency of the use of natural strains of B. thuringiensis 87 and 800 in the formation of potato plant protection systems against phytophages Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say was proven. This confirms high potential of justified application of these strains in agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134487375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FUNCTIONING OF SOYBEAN-RHIZOBIA SYMBIOSIS AFTER VARIOUS METHODS APPLYING TRACE ELEMENTS COMPLEX","authors":"К.P. Кukol, L. Rybachenko, O. Karaushu, H. Davydiuk, N. Dovbash, І.І. Klymenko","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.35.28-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.35.28-41","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Investigate the effect of inoculation of soybean seeds with an active strain of nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum T21-2 and treatment of seed or vegetative plants with a complex of trace elements Avatar-2 on the functioning of the symbiotic apparatus and grain productivity. Methods. Physiological, microbiological, gas chromatographic, vegetation experiment, statistical. Results. As a result of joint treatment of seeds with nodule bacteria and Avatar-2, inhibition of nodulation activity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the stage of three true leaves was revealed in comparison with symbiotic systems formed as a result of standard inoculation of seed with rhizobia of Bradyrhizobium japonicum T21-2 strain. In the stage of budding / beginning of flowering and bean formation on the soybean roots of this variant, the number of nodules exceeded the corresponding figure in plants, bacterized without the use of trace elements by 16.6 % and 24.1 %, respectively. The combination of inoculation of seeds and feeding of plants during the vegetation with Avatar-2 did not have a significant effect on the activity of symbiotic systems in the stage of three true leaves and budding / beginning of flowering. However, in the stage of bean formation, a 38 % increase in nitrogen-fixing activity was detected compared to plants grown from seeds of rhizobia inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum T21-2 strain (without the use of trace elements). Activation of soybean growth processes at all stages of plant development when exposed of seed bacterization and use of Avatar-2 by different methods was noted. Inoculation of seeds and using microfertilizers, both as separate elements of soybean cultivation technology and complex treatments in the conditions of vegetation experiment, resulted in a decrease in grain content of copper, zinc, iron and nickel. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a complex of chelated nutrients without bacterization caused an increase in grain weight per plant by 17.8 %, and when feeding non-inoculated growing plants with this fertilizer — by 27.5 % compared to the control. The combination of both factors — inoculation of seeds with a bacterial preparation and different using of trace element complex also had a positive effect on individual productivity of soybean plants, as evidenced by an increase of 14.4 % and 30.2 % compared to plants whose seeds were treated with rhizobia only. Conclusion. The combination of intensification factors in soybean cultivation technology through the use of different methods of complex microfertilizer and seed treatment with highly active strain of nodule bacteria has a significant impact on plant growth, content of individual trace elements in grain and creates a significant reserve of grain productivity of this crop.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131764787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF PATHOGENICITY OF NODULE BACTERIA STRAIN RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM G 222","authors":"Voronaia O. V., Kravchenko N. O., Kozar S. F., Yevtushenko T. A., Bilokonska O. M.","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.34.23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.34.23-28","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Investigate pathogenic (non-pathogenic) properties of a new strain of nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum G 222. Methods. Microbiological (obtaining a suspension of R. leI guminosarum G 222, determination of its titre by opacity optical standard and by seeding on a digest medium; microscopy of stained imprint smears of internal organs of experimental animals and seeding of tissue samples on a digest medium), pathoanatomical (to determine possible invasiveness and dissemination of bacteria in the tissues of internal organs of animals — in the model of outbred white mice after administration of a suspension of live bacterial cells (oral doses from 0.5 × 109 to 5 × 109 CFU in 0.5 cm3 of sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution per mouse and intraperitoneal doses from 1 × 109 to 5 × 109 CFU/0.5 cm3) and statistical. Results. Over 15 days of observations after administration of a suspension of live bacterial cells, no death of experimental animals was registered. The strain did not lead to any changes in the general condition of the mice. No changes in their behaviour were reported. Fifteen days after the start of the study, it was found that this strain is non-infective (non-invasive), does not disseminate and does not reproduce in the body of experimental animals. Oral and intraperitoneal doses of a suspension of live bacterial cells did not result in bacterial invasion of animal internal organs. No retrocultures were registered. Gross examination did not find characteristic changes in the internal organs of the experimental animals. The obtained results indicate the avirulence of the strain for the studied warm-blooded animals (intraperitoneal LD50 > 5 billion cells/mouse, oral LD50 > 5 billion cells/mouse). Conclusion: According to the results regarding the lack of virulence and according to regulations, the new strain R. leguminosarum G 222 belongs to the group of avirulent microorganisms that are not able to invade the internal organs of studied warm-blooded laboratory animals and can be considered nonpathogenic and used as a basis for microbial preparations to increase crop yields.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131651143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMING SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY UPON SEED PRE-TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES STANDAK TOP AND FEVER AND INOCULATION WITH RHIZOBIA ON THE DAY OF SOWING","authors":"Kots S. Ya., Kyrychenko O. V., Pavlyshche A. V., Yakymchuk R. A.","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.34.29-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.34.29-43","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean grain productivity is largely due to a complex of factors, in particular, the efficiency of symbiotic systems formed with nodule bacteria, the activity of growth processes and the formation of vegetative and generative organs by plants, as well as their adaptive plasticity under various environmental factors. The article presents the results of studying the peculiarities of the formation of soybean plant productivity upon seed pre-treatment with fungicides of different classes and inoculation with nodule bacteria on the day of sowing. Objective. To study the dynamics of seed germination, formation of vegetative and generative organs and soybean harvest, functioning of soybean-rhizobial symbiosis, as well as the state of photosynthetic pigment system — content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids in the leaves upon seed pre-treatment with fungicides Fever and Standak Top and bacterization with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b on the day of sowing. Methods. Microbiological, physiological, biochemical, statistical. Results. Fungicides did not exert toxicity in terms of seed germination, and soybean seed germination under the action of Fever exceeded parameters in the control plants by 20 % (at Day 5 after sowing) and by 7 % (at Day 8). It has been shown that fungicides increased plant height, aboveground mass and accelerated the formation of generative organs (flowers) by plants but did not significantly affect root mass. It was found that fungicides had a pronounced toxic (inhibitory) effect on soybean-rhizobial symbiosis upon seed pre-treatment: the process of nodule formation was suppressed in the initial stages of symbiosis, nitrogen fixation activity was lower than in the control plants by 80–48 % depending on soybean development phase. Thus, the effect of fungicides Fever and Standak Top upon seed pretreatment and inoculation with nodule bacteria on the day of sowing was characterized by significant suppression of functional activity of the symbiotic apparatus in the first half of soybean vegetation and its gradual recovery during formation of generative organs. Although fungicides inhibit the formation and functioning of legume-rhizobial symbiosis but their positive effect on the plant itself (seed germination, plant height, aboveground mass accumulation, dynamics of generative organ formation), as well as the ability of plants to adapt to stress at the biochemical level (stabilization of the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves) allowed to form a crop of soybean seeds at or slightly above the level of control. Conclusion. Physiological and biochemical features of the reaction of soybean-rhizobial symbiosis to the action of different fungicides that we had established must be taken into account in developing new strategies to protect plants from pathogens of various aetiologies with the involvement of physiologically active substances having fungicidal activity in combination with inoculation.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121211916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COLLECTION OF THE STRAINS TESCHOVIRUS A, SAPELOVIRUS A, ENTEROVIRUS G OF THE INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY AND AGROINDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURE OF THE NAAS","authors":"Derevianko S. V.","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.34.69-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.34.69-85","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Arrangement of the collection of porcine enteroviruses (PEV) strains isolated on the territory of Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy and supplementing it with new strains Teschovirus A (TV-A), Sapelovirus A (SV-A), Enterovirus G (EV-G). Methods. Virological, serological, molecular genetic, instrumental and statistical. Isolation, cultivation of viruses and determination of their biological activity were performed in passaged culture of porcine embryonic kidney cells (СНЕВ). The viral titre was calculated by the method of Reed and Muench. The typical affiliation of viruses was determined in the virus neutralization reaction in СНЕВ cell culture. Species affiliation was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) using species-specific primers for TV-A, SV-A and EV-G, developed by us. Electron microscopy of viruses was performed on a transmission electron microscope by negative contrast enhancement method. Statistical processing was performed in Microsoft Office Excel and StatSoft STATISTICA 12. Results. As a result of the epizootic survey during 2002– 2019, 1,216 samples for virological testing were selected. Successive passages of СНЕВ cell culture resulted in obtaining 274 viral isolates. According to the results of studying physicochemical, morphological, biological properties of these isolated, they are classified as PEV. In connection with the change of taxonomy and nomenclature of PEV, serological and genetic reclassification of 30 strains of viruses isolated in Ukraine, including 14 reference strains according to the classification of V. P. Romanenko, 7 production strains, 9 strains with polyantigenic properties and 4 strains that did not have antigenic affinity with viruses of known PEV serotypes according to the classification of V. P. Romanenko was performed. It has been established that the reference strains of PEV according to the trivial classification of V. P. Romanenko belong to the species TV-A of the genus Teschovirus. As a result of conducted serological testing, PEV-10 M 2323, PEV-12 K 22, PEV-13 L 90, PEV-14 M 116, PEV-16 G 95, PEV-17 V 111, PEV-18 Ch 184, PEV-19 D 227, PEV-20 I 249, PEV-23 I 393 were classified as TV-A1; PEV-11 K 9, PEV-15 Ch 73 — as TV-A3, PEV-22 V 151 — as TV-A6. PEV-21 P 142 did not have antigen affinity with reference strains TV-A, SV-A and EV-G and belongs to a new serotype. Production strains of PEV-1 Perechynskyi 642, Bereznianskyi 652, Chernihivskyi 2372 were reclassified as TV-A1. PEV strains with polyantigenic properties such as G 31 and L 2661 have intertypic antigens with TV-A 1, 10, 11 and TV-A 3, 6, 10 serotypes, respectively. PEV strain of a new serotype Ch 881 was reclassified as SV-A. PEV strains Т 3, Ch 863, Ch 878 are the new serotypes of TV-A. Conclusion. As a result of studies, 274 viral isolates were isolated from 1,216 samples of material. The collection was supplemented with 20 reference stra","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121359127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF NUTRIENT STATUS OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL","authors":"Potapenko L. V., Horbachenko N. I.","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.34.53-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.34.53-60","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the influence of systematic introduction of mineral, traditional organomineral and alternative systems of fertilization and inoculation of seeds on the formation of the nutrient status of sod-podzolic soil. Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical, balance and settlement, statistical. Results. Based on the studies conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on sod-podzolic soil, a significant influence of the studied fertilization systems in combination with microbial preparations on the soil nutrient status was established. The highest levels of mineral compounds of nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium using crop rotation were observed upon long-term use of the organomineral fertilization system NPK + animal manure + + green manure. At the end of the crop rotation, the content of nitrogen mineral compounds increased by 23 %, phosphorus — by 8 % and potassium — by 34 % on the background without inoculation and by 34 %, 10 % and 34 %, respectively, on the background of inoculation compared to traditional fertilization system NPK + animal manure. Due to the use of microbial preparations under this fertilization system, the content of nitrogen in the arable layer of the soil increased by 7 %, mobile phosphorus — by 3 % and exchangeable potassium — by 6 % compared to their content at the beginning of crop rotation. It has been proved that the highest level of crop rotation productivity in terms of feed units was provided by the organomineral fertilization system green manure + animal manure + NPK, which exceeded crop rotation productivity in areas under the traditional fertilization system NPK + animal manure by 21 % on the background without inoculation and by 26 % on the background of inoculation. Due to the use of microbial preparations, there is an increase in crop rotation productivity by 10–13 %. Conclusion. The optimal nutrient status of sod-podzolic soil is formed using microbial preparations and an organomineral fertilization system based on organic fertilizers in the form of animal manure with an average crop rotation dose of 10 t/ha and legume green manure on the background of mineral fertilizers N60P50K60. This fertilization system provides recovery of soil fertility, high rates of economic and energy efficiency of growing crops and their productivity during crop rotation.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128168406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEARCHING ENDO-1,4-β-GLUCANASE ACTIVE PRODUCERS FOR BIODESTRUCTION OF PLANT RESIDUES","authors":"Chabaniuk Ya. V., Brovko I. S., Melnikova I. O., Spataru K. V.","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.34.15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.34.15-22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Evaluate the activity of endo-1,4-β-glucanase in soil microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Chaetomium globosum and Trichoderma harzianum for their potential use as an enzyme source in biotechnological production and to create a biodestroyer of plant residues. Methods. Hole method based on the interaction between Congo red dye and polysaccharide containing β (1.4) or β (1.3) bonds (mannitol-yeast medium was applied for deep cultivation of B. subtilis and P. polymyxa, corn-molasses — for C. globosum and T. harzianum), and spectrophotometric method based on colorimetric determination of the optical density of ferricyanide solution, the excess of which remains after reaction with reducing substances present in the culture fluid (microorganisms were cultured on corn-molasses medium). Results. Both hole and spectrophotometric methods showed that the studied micromycete strains had higher endo-1,4-β-glucanase activity than bacterial strains. The activity of endo-1,4-β-glucanase of microorganisms is as follows: B. subtilis eko/206 — 0.0499 IU/ml, T. harzianum eko/101 — 0.0667 IU/ml; C. globosum eko/108 — 0.0673 IU/ml. The average diameters of the enlightenment zones are as follows: T. harzianum eko/101 — 27.00 mm; C. globosum eko/108 — 28.14 mm; B. subtilis eko/206 — 20.25 mm. No endoglucanase activity was detected in P. polymyxa eko/204. Conclusion. The study of endo-1,4-β- glucanase activity in strains of microorganisms showed that the highest enzymatic activity is observed in C. globosum eko/108 and T. harzianum eko/101, suggesting the prospects of using these strains to obtain endo-1,4-β-glucanase via biotechnology. Although B. subtilis eko/206 has the ability to produce cellulolytic enzymes but their number is relatively small, so its use as a producer of endo-1,4-β-glucanase is less appropriate. P. polymyxa eko/204 did not show endoglucanase activity.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134396980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF GROUNDNUT MICROSYMBIONTS WIDESPREAD IN THE SOILS OF UKRAINE","authors":"Krutylo D. V.","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.34.3-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.34.3-14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Study the presence of nodule bacteria in the soils of Ukraine, capable of nodulatinggroundnut, isolate new strains of rhizobia from peanut nodules, study their morphological, culturaland serological properties and the ability to form symbiosis with different legumes. Methods. Microbiological (isolation of nodule bacteria from nodules and cultivation of microorganisms, studying biological properties of strains), serological (producing antisera to Bradyrhizobium lupini367a, studying rhizobia diversity in groundnut nodule populations, studying serological identity ofnew strains), vegetation experiment (studying formation and functioning of groundnut symbioticsystems with nodule bacteria, studying host specificity of new strains of groundnut rhizobia), gaschromatography (determining nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizobia in symbiosis with groundnut),mathematical and statistical. Results. Representatives of two species, B. lupini and B. japonicum,were found in nodule populations of rhizobia during the cultivation of groundnut plants on sodpodzolic soil and leached chernozem. The dominant microsymbionts of groundnut were lupine nodule bacteria of serogroup 367a (54.2 % and 45.8 % according to soils). Fewer nodules wereformed by intensive growing soybean rhizobia of serogroup КВ11 (16.7 % and 12.5 %). The shareof nodule bacteria not classified in the studied serogroups was 21.9 % and 41.7 %. Fifteen newstrains of nodule bacteria were isolated from groundnut nodules, which were morphologically, culturally and serologically identified as B. lupini serogroup 367a (7 of them), B. japonicumserogroup KB11 (4 of them) and Bradyrhizobium sp. (4 of them). New strains of B. lupini fromgroundnut nodules are able to infect white and yellow lupine but do not nodulate soybeans. Strainsidentified as B. japonicum form nodules on soybean roots but do not infect lupine. Serologically unidentified strain Bradyrhizobium sp. AR3, which is able to form a symbiosis with both lupine andsoybean (phenotypes Nod+Fix+) was obtained. Conclusion. For the first time it was established thatgroups of nodule bacteria capable of nodulating groundnut are present in the agrocenoses ofUkraine. Fifteen new strains of groundnut rhizobia were obtained, which were identified as B. lupini, B. japonicum and Bradyrhizobium sp.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127412721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}