Agriciltural microbiology最新文献

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CLADOSPORIUM CLADOSPORIOIDES METABOLITES ON VIRAL INFECTION DYNAMICS IN POTATO PLANTS UNDER CONDITION OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL PHYTOVIRAL INFECTION","authors":"L. Reshotko, I. Volkova","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.36.64-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.36.64-71","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Study the influence of Cladosporium cladosporioides metabolites on viral infection dynamics in potato plants under conditions of artificial and natural infection. Methods. Laboratory (virological, immunological, electron microscopic), field, statistical. Results. The influence of microbial metabolites on the development of viral infection in potato plants was studied in 2021 and 2022 under the conditions of a small field experiment. In 2021, under the conditions of protection against re-infection in the variants artificially infected with potato virus X (PVX), visual and immunological methods did not reveal any plants with symptoms of viral damage, the electron microscopic examination showed a low concentration of virus particles in plants, which probably caused due to abnormally high temperature during the vegetation of micro-plants. Treatment of plants with C. cladosporioides metabolites did not significantly affect the accumulation of PVX. In the experiments of 2022, tubers from healthy and artificially infected microplants from variants with and without treatment of plants with C. cladosporioides metabolites were used. The analysis of the viral infection dynamics under the conditions of natural infection with phytopathogenic viruses and previous artificial infection with PVX showed that C. cladosporioides metabolites affect the development of viral infection. In most variants using microbial metabolites, the rate of visual manifestation of the viral disease was 3 % to 5 % lower compared to the control. The frequency of detection of viruses by the immunological method was higher in the control variant and was equal to 40 %, the lowest number of detected infected plants was reported in the variant when the plants were treated with C. cladosporioides metabolites for two consecutive years and was equal to 22.5 %. The greatest decrease in the viral protein content, which indicates a decrease in virus reproduction, was reported when C. cladosporioides metabolites were applied in the first and second years in the variants artificially infected with PVX in 2021 — the difference to the control was 38 %. We believe that the influence of C. cladosporioides metabolites on the viral infection dynamics in potato plants is caused by exohormonal substances included in their composition. Conclusion. The results of two-year studies show that C. cladosporioides metabolites influence the viral infection dynamics. A decrease in the rate of visual manifestations of viral disease is registered. The lowest number of infected plants was found in the variant when the plants were treated with C. cladosporioides metabolites for consecutive two years. Also, the action of microbial metabolites reduces the concentra tion of viral protein in potato plants. Such a reaction of the “plant-virus” system indicates the inhibitory activity of C. cladosporioides metabolites against viruses.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125095888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF MICROORGANISM-ENRICHED FERTILIZERS WHEN GROWING POTATOES","authors":"V. Volkohon, S. Dimova, T. S. Sasina, K. Volkohon, L. Shevchenko, N. P. Shtanko, I. A. Zemska","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.36.3-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.36.3-12","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Investigate the possibility of enriching mineral fertilizers (Azofoska: NPK 16:16:16) with agronomically useful microorganisms by applying their suspensions to solid fertilizer granules. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of microorganisms on different media, obtaining suspensions, determination of titre in suspensions, microscopy), field small-plot experiment in six repetitions (growing potatoes on sod-podzolic soil), full accounting of the harvest from each plot, statistical. Results. Enrichment of Azofoska with microorganisms by applying aqueous suspensions of Trichoderma harzianum PD3 and representatives of the genus Bacillus to fertilizer granules before their application to sod-podzolic soil at the rate of N80P80K80 had different effects on the yield of Bellaroza potatoes. T. harzianum PD3- and Bacillus sp. 102-enriched fertilizers contributed to a reliable increase in crop yield in a three-year experiment. The combination of these microorganisms to enrich Azofoska did not provide a stable effect over the years of research. The use of B. vallismortis 44- and B. cereus SB1-enriched fertilizers was not effective. The greatest increase in potato yield was ensured by the use of Bacillus sp. 102-enriched fertilizers. At the same time, minor deviations from the average parameter were reported for all six repetitions in the experiments (in contrast to other variants). Conclusion. The fundamental possibility of increasing the efficiency of mineral fertilizers by enriching them with agronomically useful microorganisms when growing potatoes on sod-podzolic soil has been shown. The efficiency of biologically modified Azofoska depended on the microorganism used for enrichment. Additional research both on the screening of microorganism strains promising for this purpose, as well as technological aspects (the number of cells of microorganisms on fertilizer granules, the use of adhesives, carbon sources and adjuvants during fertilizer enrichment, the terms of preservation of microorganisms on granules depending on the conditions of enrichment, extension of the spectrum of fertilizer types and types of agricultural crops, etc.) is necessary.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114322631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF GLIOCLADIUM SP.","authors":"Т. О. Rozhkova, L. О. Biliavska","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.36.55-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.36.55-63","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Get effective isolates of Gliocladium sp. by in vitro evaluation of the antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic species of fungi obtained from different substrates. Methods. Study of the efficiency of Gliocladium sp. Was conducted against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. poae, Cladosporium sp., Alternaria tenuissima and A. arborescens. Fungi were identified by anamorph morphology. The dual culture was grown on Czapek-Dox medium with glucose. Incubation was carried out for seven days in a thermostat at 22–25 °C. Results. Gliocladium sp. was isolated from the roots of winter wheat of Bohdana variety after seed sprouting in the soil for three days. During this period, the fungi colonized the roots, while the analysis of the seeds on potato-glucose agar did not detect them. Isolates of the studied genus had a significant growth rate. Study of the antagonistic activity of Gliocladium sp. against B. cinerea and F. solani 1 showed high efficiency against the former and very low against the latter. Inhibition of fungal growth was different. B. cinerea developed worse when grown with Gliocladium sp. than when grown alone. During separate cultivation of F. solani 1, its growth lag was registered for the first two days of recording, compared to dual culture. The study of five different isolates showed their different effects on the studied fungi. Isolate No. 4 showed the highest antagonistic activity. Conclusion. The minimum percentage of inhibition of the development of phytopathogenic fungi using isolates of Gliocladium sp. was 15.6 % for F. solani 1, the maximum was 81.3 % for F. poae. Isolate No. 2 had the lowest parameters of fungal growth inhibition, but it was the only one that effectively restrained the development of F. oxysporum. Isolate No. 6 inhibited the development of B. cinerea by 69.9 %. Study of the efficiency Gliocladium sp. isolates against the representatives of various species and genera demonstrated their better effect on melanized fungi. The greatest growth inhibition was reported for Alternarium species and Cladosporium sp.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124495665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON THE CONDITION AND ACTIVITY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYSTEM OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) PLANTS","authors":"А. М. Honchar, М. Patyka","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.36.28-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.36.28-35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess the performance of individual strains of Bacillus subtilis and the efficiency of their action on the condition and activity of the photosynthetic system of juvenile winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Microbiological, instrumental (microscopic), biophysical (determination of photochemical activity of winter wheat sprouts in model conditions of the induction of chlorophyll fluorescence). Results. The technological stability of B. subtilis H38, H40 and H45 strains was shown both during fermentation (formation of viable spore titre in the range of 1.9‒2.4 billion/mL) and during storage of bacterial suspensions (BS) for 60 days (1.8‒2.3 billion spores/mL). Analysis of the influence of B. subtilis H38, H40, H45 on the activity of the photosynthetic system of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants revealed a high informative value of induced changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (ICF), which was recorded in the structural organization of chloroplasts of wheat sprouts at the initial, maximum, and stationary levels of fluorescence and viability index (Rfd after 1:50 dilution of BS of B. subtilis strains is 1.56–1.69; Rfd after 1:100 dilution corresponds to the normal quantum efficiency of photosynthesis in the range of 1.20‒1.40). Conclusion. The studied strains of B. subtilis are characterized by high performance (a significant number of spores are formed during the cultivation of bacteria; their number remains relatively stable during a 60-day research period), which implies the possibility of their successful use in production and the possibility of long-term storage of preparations based on them. The prospective use of the evaluated strains for the intensification of the photochemical activity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants in the process of ontogenesis has been proven. This means scientific and practical importance for ecological monitoring, assessment of plant resistance, and the introduction of biological agents in the technology of growing agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134099067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MICROMYCETES IN ROOT ZONE OF SOYBEAN PLANTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL EFFECT ON PLANTS","authors":"Y. Kopylov, О. О. Shakhovnina, О. V. Nadkernychna, Т. P. Novikova, Vladimir V. Tarasov","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.36.13-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.36.13-27","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Characterize the fungal coenosis of the root zone of soybean plants and investigate the functional effect of isolated micromycetes on plants. Methods. The mycocenosis of different spheres of the root zone of soybean plants was studied under the conditions of field experiments on sod-medium-podzolic dusty-sandy soil. Soil sampling, isolation, accounting and cultivation of fungi were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Measuring the number of micromycetes in the spacing and the rhizosphere of soybean was carried out by the Waksman’s soil dilutions method. To extract mycobiota of rhizoplane, the method of washing from the surface of soybean roots, followed by dilution and deep sowing in the digest medium was used. Endophytes were isolated from the tissues of healthy unaffected soybean roots after their surface sterilization with alcohol (96%) for 1.5 min. Cultural and morphological characteristics of fungi were studied on wort agar, Chapek's agar medium, and potato-glucose agar. Their identification was carried out according to the determinants appropriate for a specific systematic group of micromycetes. The functional effect of micromycetes on plants was evaluated using bioassays on corn seedlings. Results. The mycocenosis of sod-podzolic soil was formed by micromycetes belonging to the genera Acremonium Link, Alternaria Nees, Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Gliocladium Corda, Mortierella Coem, Mucor Mich, Penicillium Link:Fr, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers, among which micromycetes of the genus Penicillium (28.05 ± 3.13 thous CFU per 1 g of dry soil) were the most common. Under the influence of root exudates, the total number of soya bean rhizospheric soil fungi increased threefold and amounted to 212.30 ± 16.73 thous CFU per 1 g of dry soil; in the rhizosphere fungi of the genus Fusarium prevailed (152.63 ± 13.27 thous CFU per 1 g of dry soil). Mycocenosis of the rhizoplane of soybean plants was qualitatively and quantitatively depleted, as compared to the rhizosphere, and consisted mainly of representatives of the genera Fusarium (10.18 ± 3.93 thous CFU per 1 g of dry roots) and Gliocladium (6.88 ± 1.20 thous CFU per 1 g of dry roots). The endophytic mycobiota of soybean was formed by micromycetes of the genera Penicillium (44 %), Chaetomium (21 %), Fusarium (21 %), Verticillium (7 %), Phoma (7 %). Micromycetes isolated from the root zone of soybean plants differed in their functional effect on plants. The largest share of the studied fungi (61 %) are producers of growth-stimulating substances of various origin, 18 % of strains are characterized by a phytotoxic effect on plants, 21 % do not have a pronounced effect on plants. Conclusion. The fungal coenosis of the root zone of soybean was characterized, the functional effect of isolated micromycetes on plants was investigated.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116174903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIAL STRAINS AFTER THEIR INTRODUCTION INTO ALFALFA HAYLAGE","authors":"N. Kravchenko, О. М. Dmytruk","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.36.47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.36.47-54","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Study the metabolic activity of strains of lactic acid bacterial strains after their introduction into alfalfa haylage as a component of preservatives. Methods. Microbiological (determining the number of microorganisms, obtaining antibiotic-resistant mutants of bacterial strains), zootechnical (pH level, accumulation and ratio of organic acids in the fermentation process), statistical. Results. Lactobacillus plantarum KT-L18/1str, L. plantarum 32str strains introduced into the haylage substrate are stored in the feed in an active state for a long time and at day 30 of fermentation take a dominant position among native lactic acid bacteria, retaining 80 % of the acid-forming capacity and antagonistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The best results of the action of the studied lactic acid bacteria (LAB) after introduction into alfalfa haylage were obtained when the mass was dry-cured to a moisture content of 60–61 %, while the share of lactic acid in the total amount of organic acids formed in the experimental variants of the haylage ranged from 85.5 % to 89.3 % versus the control, where the share of lactic acid reached only 42 %. Increasing the degree of feed acidification in experimental variants at a given alfalfa moisture content ensured a decrease in the butyric acid content to 1.12–1.7 % versus 26.3 % in the control variant. Treatment of alfalfa haylage dry-cured to a moisture content of 38–39 % with strains of lactic acid bacteria did not affect the increase in the proportion of lactic acid. Conclusion. The use of probiotic L. plantarum KT-L18/1str and L. plantarum 32str made it possible to establish their competitiveness and metabolic activity in the process of alfalfa haylage preparation. The use of LAB probiotic strains for alfalfa haylage preparation improved fermentation processes, in particular, when dry matter content was at the level of 39–40 %.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130983776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REACTION OF FREE-LIVING AND SYMBIOTIC BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM ON THE USE OF SUCCINIC ACID","authors":"L. Rybachenko, S. Kots, P. Pukhtaievych, O. R. Rybachenko, S. Omelchuk","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.36.36-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.36.36-46","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Find out the influence of different concentrations of succinic acid on the intensity of growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicim and the activity of symbiotic systems created with their participation. Methods. Microbiological, physiological, statistical, gas chromatography. Results. It was found that the T21-2 strain had a more pronounced reaction to the use of succinic acid than the PC08 strain, regardless of its concentration. Addition of succinic acid to the culture medium of rhizobia at a concentration of 0.01 and 0.02 g/L led to an increase in the titre of bacterial cells of T21- 2 and PC08 strains, while at a concentration of 0.2 g/L it had a toxic effect on the studied strains. Succinic acid at a concentration of 0.01 g/L, both during seed treatment and as a component of the inoculation suspension, significantly activated the processes of formation and functioning of soybean symbiotic systems formed by the T21-2 rhizobia strain. At a concentration of 0.02 g/L, it provided the highest rate of growth of bacterial cells among the studied variants and led to an increase in their titre relative to rhizobia without adding acid, both on day three and four of cultivation. At the same time, regardless of the method of application, this concentration of succinic acid partially inhibited the nodulation activity of T21-2 strain and the nitrogen-fixing activity of the symbiotic systems formed with their participation. Conclusion. Based on the revealed effect of succinic acid on the growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in pure culture and on the formation and functioning of symbiosis, we recommend adding succinic acid at a concentration of 0.01 g/L, both as a component of the inoculation suspension, and for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the activity of soybean-rhizobia symbiotic systems.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132565514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE COMPLEX BACTERIAL PREPARATION AZOGRAN ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPROUTS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS","authors":"A. Roi, I. Skorokhod, І. Kurdysh","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.35.58-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.35.58-65","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To investigate the effect of seed treatment of cultivated plants with the complex bacterial preparation Azogran (based on Bacillus subtilis IMB B-7023 and Azotobacter vinelandii IMB B-7076) on the initial stages of ontogenesis under laboratory conditions. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of microorganisms was carried out under periodic culture conditions — A. vinelandii IMB B-7076 in Ashby liquid digest medium, Bacillus subtilis IMB B-7023 — in a mineral medium with glucose; the number of viable cells in suspensions was determined by the method of serial dilutions followed by sowing on the surface of the relevant agarized media), physiological (with different dilutions of biopreparation suspensions for seed inoculation), statistical. Results. Bacterization of Ukraina variety buckwheat seeds, Podolianka variety winter wheat and Marharyta variety common tare with a liquid complex bacterial preparation Azogran had a positive effect on germination energy, germination, sprout length and their weight compared to the control (water treatment). The best results at the initial stages of plant ontogenesis were found for buckwheat and wheat. The positive effect of inoculation was more pronounced when diluting the biopreparation suspension with water in ratios of 1:10 and 1:100, which indicates intensive production of biologically active substances by bacteria. Treatment of seeds of different corn varieties with an aqueous suspension of the granular complex bacterial preparation Azogran had a positive effect on the development of sprouts, and also contributed to the reduction of their damage by phytopathogenic micromycetes. Conclusion. The complex bacterial preparation Azogran has a positive effect on the energy of germination, germination and the weight of sprouts of the investigated plant species, reduces the degree of seed damage by micromycetes and is recommended for the treatment of seeds of agricultural plants before sowing in the soil.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115576141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PAENIBACILLUS POLYMYXA КВ — PRODUCER OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES","authors":"L. Tokmakova, L. Shevchenko, A. Trepach","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.35.42-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.35.42-57","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To investigate the ability of Paenibacillus polymyxa KB to produce biologically active substances that stimulate the growth and development of plants. Methods. Qualitative and quantitative determination of auxins, abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins in the culture fluid (CF) of P. polymyxa KB was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using Agilent 1200 liquid chromatograph; gibberellins were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/MS) using Agilent 1200 liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA) and Agilent G1956B mass spectral detector. The content of vitamins in P. polymyxa KB was determined using Waters liquid chromatograph with a tqs-micro mass-selective detector. The content of amino acids in CF was studied by ion exchange chromatography on a Sycam amino acid analyser. The ability of P. polymyxa KB to synthesize exopolysaccharides and enzymes was determined using classical microbiological and biochemical research methods. Antifungal properties of the bacterium were studied by the dual culture method. Statistical calculations were carried out using analysis-of-variance method. Results. P. polymyxa KB synthesises phytohormonal compounds: auxins — up to 81.15 μg/g of dry biomass, abscisic acid — up to 9.84 μg/g; gibberellic acids (GA3 — within 2.48 μg/g and GA4 — 1.96 μg/g of dry biomass); cytokinins (zeatin — up to 16.42 μg/g, kinetin — up to 6.78 μg/g, isopentenyl-adenine — up to 9.03 μg/g of dry biomass), as well as vitamins: thiamine (B1) — within 0.93 mg/dm3 CF, riboflavin (B2) — 0.48 mg/dm3, pyridoxine (B6) — 0.27 mg/dm3, folic acid (B9) — 0.18 mg/dm3 CF. P. polymyxa KB shows phosphatase, amylolytic, proteolytic, pectolytic activity, produces amino acids: histidine — within 300.4 mg/dm3, alanine — 236.3 mg/dm3, proline — 164.2 mg/dm3, valine — 157.8 mg/dm3, isoleucine — 148.4 mg/dm3, threonine — 126.2 mg/dm3, cystine — 124.0 mg/dm3 CF and others. The bacterium synthesizes exopolysaccharides amylopectin and levan. P. polymyxa KB shows antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic micromycetes from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Nigrospora — pathogens of agricultural crops. Conclusion. P. polymyxa KB synthesizes a significant amount of physiologically active substances that can play an important role in the processes of plant organogenesis.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127112473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIRECTION OF MINERALIZATION-SYNTHESIS PROCESSES OF ORGANIC MATTER IN LEACHED CHORNOZEM UNDER VARIOUS FERTILIZATION OF SPRING BARLEY","authors":"V. Volkohon, S. Dimova, K. Volkohon","doi":"10.35868/1997-3004.35.3-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.35.3-16","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To investigate the direction of mineralization-synthesis processes of organic matter in the soil during the cultivation of spring barley in different agrobackgrounds using new methodical solutions. Methods. Field experiment, gas chromatography (to determine the emission of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide), statistical. Results. The study of the emission of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide and subsequent calculations of the specific losses of N-N2O (g/kg С-СО2) depending on the fertilization systems and in comparison with the parameters in the “reference” soil (fallow) provide an opportunity to quickly determine the direction of mineralization-synthesis processes of organic matter in the soils of agrocenoses. Under the conditions of a stationary field experiment on leached chornozem during the cultivation of spring barley in crop rotation, it was shown that the use of mineral fertilization systems leads to the initiation of mineralization processes, the intensity of which increases with an increase in the rates of fertilizers. The application of mineral fertilizers against the background of the first year aftereffect of organic matter (5 t/ha of straw + 13 t/ha of the mass of intermediate lupine green manure) significantly improves the situation. At the same time, when using the lowest (N30P30K30) and medium (N60Р60К60) doses of mineral fertilizers in the experiment against the background of the aftereffect of organic fertilizers, the soil is characterized by the dominance of organic matter synthesis processes. The highest rate of fertilizers in the experiment (N90Р90К90), even if it is used against the background of the aftereffect of straw with lupine green manure biomass, leads to the activation of mineralization processes. Under the aftereffects of cattle manure, lupine green manure and their combination, including with mineral fertilizers, there is a slight predominance of mineralization activity over immobilization activity. Conclusion. The use of the gas chromatography in finding out the direction of mineralization-synthesis processes of organic matter makes it possible to quickly determine the ecological expediency of crop fertilization systems. To optimize the course of processes, it is advisable to combine the use of mineral fertilizers against the background of organic ones.","PeriodicalId":135696,"journal":{"name":"Agriciltural microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131663358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}