Inflammopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Immunomodulatory properties of a methanolic extract of Ficus lyrata mitigate inflammation in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced arthritis.","authors":"Anam Iftikhar, Mohammad Saleem, Syed Atif Raza, Adrian Achuthan, Rodney Luwor, Taha Muhammad, Umair Majeed","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01700-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01700-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ficus lyrata, renowned for its traditional use in alleviating rheumatic pain and inflammation, was validated for its purported anti-arthritic and antiinflammatory properties using InvivoandInvitromodels. In the in-vivo studies, carrageenan-induced acute oedema and a chronic arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were employed. Oral dosing of methanolic extract from Ficus lyrata (m-FL) was administered at (250,500 and 750 mg/kg) as well as methotrexate at 1 mg/kg, significantly (p < 0.0001) demonstrated a dose dependent decrease in percent oedema/inflammation and notably reduced arthritis development in the CFA model, indicating strong anti-inflammatory effects over time. Further analysis revealed m-FL extract inhibited protein denaturation across all evaluated concentrations(1600,800,400,200,100,50 µg/ml) suggesting potential mechanisms for their anti-inflammatory action. Phytochemical analysis identified flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the extract. Gene expression analysis of m-FL extract treatment group using qPCR showed a significant (p < 0.0001) downregulation of various inflammatory markers (IL1,COX2,IL1β, NFκB, TNF,STAT-3,IL6) with simultaneous upregulation in the expression of antiinflammatory markers (IL4,10). The m-FL extract targets TNF-mediated decrease in interleukins specifically IL-1, IL1β and IL-6. Histopathological assessments and radiographic evaluations conducted subsequently demonstrated a significant decline in joint inflammation, bone erosion, and pannus formation, along with improved bone integrity and reduced inflammation in the m-FL extract-treated groups (p < 0.0001). Although the m-FL extract exhibited relatively stronger antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid in-vitro, the primary efficacy lies in the potent immunomodulatory and anti-arthritic effects. The m-FL extract showed potential as an adjunct therapy for managing inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1921-1934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jasminum humile extract mitigates carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats by modulating inflammatory and antioxidant signalling pathways.","authors":"Mehreen Fatima, Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis, Mohd Adnan, Nawaf Alshammari, Abdel Moneim Elhadi Sulieman, Muhammad Rashid Khan","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01692-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01692-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Jasminum humile is widely used in traditional medicines to treat hard lumps, mouth inflammation, ringworms, and other infections. Leaf decoction of the plant is known to be effective in treating various skin conditions. In addition, root juice is traditionally utilized as a remedy for ringworm infections. Studies have reported that J. humile contains various antioxidant metabolites with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, J. humile chloroform extract (JHC) was investigated for anti-inflammatory effects against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-performance liquid chromatography was used to examine phenolic compounds present in JHC. The in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema rat models, while indomethacin was referred to as positive control. Therapeutic properties of JHC were examined by assessing paw volumes, motility score, and inflammatory proteins in serum. The anti-inflammatory nature of JHC was further investigated by biochemical and hematological profiles along with genetic expression of inflammatory and antioxidant genes through qRT-PCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Indomethacin at 10 mg/kg and JHC at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses decreased the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) while upregulating the concentration of albumin and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Moreover, JHC administration reduced the expression levels of inflammatory markers, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) compared to the Carr-treated control. However, a significant rise was induced in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels after JHC treatment as compared to Carr-treated rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results showed significant anti-inflammatory potential of J. humile by increasing the activity levels of enzymatic antioxidants and lowering inflammatory markers. These results confirm the beneficial use of natural plants in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1907-1920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment with cyclosporine attenuates the inflammatory process and severity of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws in rats.","authors":"Camila Costa Dias, Caio Ferreira Freire Caetano, Gabriella Alves Julião Costa, Antônio Alexandre Coelho, José Vitor Mota Lemos, Dayrine Silveira de Paula, Juliana Paiva Marques Lima, Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01673-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01673-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteonecrosis usually occurs with necrotic bone exposure in the mandible asymptomatically for long periods but can evolve to present pain, fistula, odor, bleeding, and suppuration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the influence of cyclosporine treatment and its influence on osteonecrosis in a rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The animals were randomly divided into 05 groups (n = 8/group). The negative control group (SAL), positive control group treated with zoledronic acid (ZA + SAL), and test groups were treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) at 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/kg and treated with ZA. The left lower second molars were extracted. The animals were euthanized 1 month after tooth extraction. Digital radiographs, histological slides, and immunoexpression of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, PPAR-γ, c-Fos, c-Jun, FoxP3, and INF-γ were analyzed. Western blot assays were performed to investigate the expression of RORyT. In addition, hematological analysis, body mass variation, and femur mechanical tests were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Radiographs showed that in the groups treated with ZA, there was an increase in the radiolucent area suggestive of osteonecrosis, and treatment with cyclosporine did not reduce this parameter (p < 0.001). In the western blot analysis, animals treated with ZA showed increased expression of RORyT (1.887 ± 0.114) compared to the saline group (0.799 ± 0.107), and treatment with the highest dose of cyclosporine (0.652 ± 0.070) reduced this expression (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Studies have observed bone health in animals treated with CsA. Treatment with this immunosuppressant showed a bone-protective effect of CsA, which corroborates our findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with CsA reduced the immunoexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2 and TNF-α and decreased the expression of RORyT.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2007-2022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease by valproic acid: possible drug repurposing.","authors":"Mirna Ezzat Sedrak Sorial, Ragwa Mansour Abdelghany, Nesrine Salah El Dine El Sayed","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01695-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01695-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sporadic Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system. Its main two hallmarks are extracellular deposition of aggregated amyloid beta resulting in senile plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau proteins forming neuro-fibrillary tangles. As those processes are promoted by the glycogen synthase kinase-3 enzyme, GSK3 inhibitors may be of therapeutic value in SAD. GSK3 is also inhibited by the action of insulin on insulin signaling. Insulin receptor desensitization in the brain is hypothesized to cause inhibition of insulin signaling pathway that ultimately causes cognitive deficits seen in SAD. In extant research, induction of cognitive impairment is achieved by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin-a diabetogenic compound that causes desensitization to insulin receptors in the brain leading to the appearance of most of the SAD signs and symptoms. Valproic acid -a histone deacetylase inhibitor and anti-epileptic drug-has been recently studied in the management of SAD as a possible GSK3 inhibitor. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to explore the role of multiple VPA doses on the downstream effects of the insulin signaling pathway in ICV STZ-injected mice and suggest a possible mechanism of VPA action. ICV STZ-injected mice showed deficiency in short- and long-term memory as well as increased anxiety, as established by open field test, Modified Y-maze, Morris water maze, and elevated plus maze neurobehavioral tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2083-2094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between glucocorticoids and long COVID.","authors":"Yan Zhao, Guangting Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01717-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01717-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1861-1862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Aster chinensis aerial parts metabolites in BALB/c mice model of Imiquimod-induced psoriasis skin inflammation.","authors":"Mai S Hendawy, Mona M Hashem, Ahmed A Zaki, Mostafa A Rabie, Nesrine S El Sayed, Riham Salah El Dine, Ali M El-Halawany","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01652-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01652-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using a bioassay-guided fractionation approach, the most potent anti-psoriatic components of Aster squamatus herb, Aster chinensis stalks, and Aster chinensis flowers, cultivated in Egypt, were identified and evaluated against Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in female BALB/c mice and compared to standard drug, mometasone. The topical application of A. chinensis stalk methanolic extract exhibited the strongest anti-psoriatic effects against IMQ-induced psoriasis model, as evidenced by improvements in psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score, histopathological analysis, and spleen index. Further fractionation of A. chinensis stalk methanolic extract using petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol revealed that the methylene chloride fraction (MCF) was the most potent. Indeed, MCF significantly reduced the PASI score, alleviated histopathological changes, and restored spleen index. Mechanistically, MCF exerted its anti-psoriatic effects by suppressing inflammation, evidenced by decreased TLR-4 gene expression and lower levels of HMGB1 and NFκBp65 protein contents. Additionally, MCF reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-17 while mitigating oxidative stress through increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Notably, the efficacy of MCF was comparable to that of mometasone, with no significant differences observed. In parallel, the chemical profile of the MCF was analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS techniques in negative and positive ionization full scan modes. MCF of A. chinensis stalk could be used a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1973-1996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between PI3k/AKT signaling and caspase pathway in Alzheimer disease: mechanism and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Vandana Bhatia, Vir Vikram, Anjali Chandel, Aditya Rattan","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01715-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01715-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by cognitive impairment, neuronal loss, and synaptic dysfunction. The interplay between the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and the caspase-mediated apoptotic cascade plays a pivotal role in its progression. The signaling pathway responsible for neuronal survival also regulates synaptic plasticity and resistance to oxidative stress, whereas caspase activation accelerates neurodegeneration by triggering cell death and inflammation. Dysregulation of these pathways leads to amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, creating a negative feedback loop and accelerating disease progression. Emerging treatment methods that target PI3K/AKT activation and caspase inhibition have showed promise in preclinical models, preventing neuronal apoptosis while retaining cognitive function. This review investigates the molecular processes driving PI3K/AKT and caspase crosstalk, their significance in Alzheimer's disease, and prospective therapeutic strategies aiming at regulating these pathways to improve disease outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1785-1802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy, safety, and persistence of vedolizumab versus adalimumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhixin Chen, Huo Li, Zhongzhuan Li, Rong Ouyang, Shijiang Huang, Shufen Qin, Jing Qin, Jiean Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01710-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01710-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy, safety, and treatment persistence of vedolizumab and adalimumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through a comprehensive search of three databases up to September 2024, we calculated pooled effect estimates for binary outcomes using risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's I² and Q statistics, with a random-effects model applied when I² exceeded 50%, and a fixed-effects model used otherwise. For randomized trials, the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed nonrandomized trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 12 studies involving 4095 patients. The findings showed that vedolizumab had higher clinical remission and response rates compared to adalimumab (RR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.14-1.34, P < 0.01; RR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22, P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were observed in endoscopic remission between the two treatments (RR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.47-1.18, P = 0.21). Safety outcomes, based on adverse and serious adverse event rates, have no significant differences (RR: 0.67, 95% CI 0.41-1.12, P = 0.13; RR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.36-1.68, P = 0.53). Treatment persistence also showed no significant difference between vedolizumab and adalimumab (RR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.55-1.12, P = 0.19).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that vedolizumab may be more effective than adalimumab in alleviating symptoms and achieving clinical response. Importantly, this effectiveness is achieved without an increase in adverse events. No significant difference was found in treatment persistence. However, high heterogeneity may weaken the evidence, requiring further randomized trials for confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1761-1773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientin: a comprehensive review of a promising bioactive flavonoid.","authors":"Mohamed I Fahmy, Mohamed A Sadek, Kareem Abdou, Ahmed M El-Dessouki, Riham A El-Shiekh, Samar S Khalaf","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01690-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01690-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinal herbs continue to play an important part in modern drugs and healthcare because customers think that most of them have fewer or milder side effects than traditional modern medicines. Bioactive compounds are typically isolated from plants before being used as a source of therapeutic medicines. As a result, extracting bioactive compounds from medicinal plants is an important step in developing plant-based medications. Orientin is a flavonoid C-glycoside found in many plants, is frequently used in bioactivity studies due to its numerous beneficial properties, which include antioxidants, antiaging, anti-inflammation, vasodilation and cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and adaptogenic effects. In this review, the comprehensive search for the health benefits of orientin was traced. The findings reflected that orientin could be considered one of the important natural candidates as a potential nutraceutical. This underscores its promising attributes and potential applications in health and wellness. Further research may be guaranteed to fully elucidate its benefits and mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1713-1728"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use quercetin for pulmonary fibrosis: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xuanyu Wu, Xiang Xiao, Yuchen Su, Yuwei Zhang, Ganggang Li, Fei Wang, Quanyu Du, Han Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01678-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01678-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an age-related interstitial lung disease, which lacks effective drug treatment at present. Quercetin has been shown to have favorable anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, and preliminary evidence suggests its potential efficacy and tolerability in PF patients. However, a comprehensive systematic review and evaluation of the protective effects and potential mechanisms of quercetin in PF models remains to be completed. Therefore, we conducted this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to the April 1, 2024. CAMARADES was the methodological quality assessment tool. And statistical analyses were conducted with R and Stata 16.0. Origin was used for a three-dimensional (3D) dosage-intervention duration-efficacy model for quercetin treatment of PF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 studies, encompassing 44 independent experiments and involving 1019 animals, were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that quercetin significantly mitigated lung pathological tissue scores and the expression of lung fibrosis markers in PF animal models. Furthermore, quercetin significantly ameliorated inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast activation, cell senescence and apoptosis, and the markers expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Quercetin did not show significant hepatic and nephrotoxicity. The 3D dosage-intervention duration-efficacy model indicated that a dosing period over 20 days and dosages range of 5-100 mg/kg were appropriate modalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Herein, our study highlights the potential of quercetin in the treatment of PF and the available mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1879-1897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}