Inflammopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Sunitinib treatment reduces proinflammatory cytokine levels and mortality rates by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in sepsis.","authors":"Ahmet Kucuk, Nurhak Aksungur, Zekai Halici, Taha Tavaci, Mustafa Ozkaraca, Behzat Tebrizi","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01862-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01862-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the elevated mortality rates and significant treatment costs associated with sepsis, characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection and life-threatening organ dysfunction, the search for treatment strategies involving new and potentially effective agents is essential. Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows promise for mitigating increased inflammation in sepsis through its modulation of specific molecular pathways. This study investigates the effects of sunitinib in the treatment of sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sepsis was induced in rats using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model and sunitinib treatment was administered orally at various dosages. The effects of sunitinib treatment were evaluated through molecular and histopathological methods. The impact of sunitinib treatment on survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With low-dose treatment, sunitinib was observed to reduce the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and TNF-α. However, no reduction was observed with high-dose sunitinib in comparison to the sepsis group. Polymerase chain reaction results indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway was attenuated with low-dose sunitinib treatment. Furthermore, the extent of sepsis associated histopathological and immunohistochemical changes was reduced with sunitinib treatment, as demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Survival analysis revealed that the group receiving low-dose sunitinib had the highest survival rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different sunitinib doses in sepsis treatment yield significantly different molecular results, histopathological outcomes, and survival rates. A comprehensive investigation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs such as sunitinib in the treatment of sepsis will enhance the efficacy of sepsis therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5435-5450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal relationships between changes in post-COVID mental fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms across distinct recovery trajectories.","authors":"Wenrui Bao, Siyuan Chen, Ningkun Hong, Gengchen Ye, Chiyin Li, Jingmei Xie, Peng Li, Heng Li, Yang Wang, Jixin Liu, Xuan Niu, Yuchen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01860-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01860-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent fatigue, often accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g., cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and PTSD), commonly referred to as \"long COVID\". Fatigue is multidimensional, comprising physical, psychological, and situational components. However, the relationships between these fatigue dimensions and co-occurring neuropsychiatric symptoms remain unclear. This study aimed to (1) examine the time-varying characteristics of post-COVID fatigue and (2) determine whether specific fatigue dimensions uniquely affect neuropsychiatric symptoms in long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed neuropsychiatric assessments from 233 individuals at 1 and 3 months post-infection using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Participants were categorized into four groups based on fatigue recovery trajectories: persistent fatigue, alleviated fatigue, new-onset fatigue, and no fatigue. Longitudinal CCA assessed relationships between changes in fatigue dimensions and cognitive impairments (memory, executive function) and psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, PTSD, and sleep disturbances) from the acute to chronic phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physical fatigue was dominant in the acute phase, while mental fatigue became more prominent at 3 months. Across both phases, all fatigue dimensions were strongly associated with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and sleep disturbances, with mental fatigue showing the strongest impact (canonical loadings: ρ = - 0.875 at 1 month; ρ = - 0.914 at 3 months). In the persistent fatigue group, mental fatigue was closely linked to anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments, including recognition and short-term recall (ρ = - 0.677). No significant longitudinal associations were observed in the alleviated, new-onset, or no-fatigue groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mental fatigue plays a central role in the chronic phase of recovery, significantly impacting cognitive and psychiatric health in individuals with persistent fatigue. Targeted interventions addressing mental fatigue are essential for improving long COVID outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5471-5481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cucurbitacin B alleviates DSS-induced experimental colitis by targeting ZNF70 to suppress the NLRP3/STAT3 signaling axis.","authors":"Shen Cao, Yuhan Wang, Yi Tai, Jing Han, Yanjin Zheng, Can Wang, Hong Xiang Zuo, Ming Yue Li, Yue Xing, Xuejun Jin, Juan Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01898-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01898-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease characterized by lifelong involvement and a complex pathogenesis. Due to the limitations of current treatment modalities, there remains a pressing need to discover new medications for the management of UC. Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a tetracyclic triterpenoid derived from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., exhibiting pharmacological activities including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of CuB in both DSS-induced experimental colitis in vivo and macrophage models in vitro. Our results indicate that CuB exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the activation of p-STAT3 via ZNF70, thereby reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Such results indicate that CuB can effectively prevent the development of UC and offer new insights for its management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5451-5469"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of inflammation and oxidative stress in FCA-induced arthritic rat model through gum acacia intervention: a comprehensive in‑vivo study.","authors":"Sobia Khalid Awan, Ali Sharif, Bushra Akhtar","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01907-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01907-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis is a persistent immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that primarily affects joint bones, impacting approximately 0.5-1.0% of the global population. People with RA are 1.5 times more likely to develop cardiovascular conditions, including atherosclerosis. This study explored the therapeutic potential of GAc in a rat model of RA induced by CFA, focusing on its impact on biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis. Molecular docking studies indicated strong binding affinities of GAc with key inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB and PRMT-1. The experimental model of 23 days involved the induction of arthritis by injecting 0.15 mL of CFA into the sub-plantar region of the rats' left hind paws. GAc was dissolved in distilled water and administered to rats via oral gavage. Our results revealed that the administration of GAc, particularly in combination with MtxSt (GAc 10 g/kg + MtxSt), significantly (p < 0.001) reduced arthritic scores, joint stiffness scores, paw thickness, levels of lipids (LDL, VLDL, TG, and TC), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), homocysteine, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, GAc markedly (p < 0.001) improved body weight, hematological parameters (RBC, %HCT and Hb), HDL, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1(DDAH-1), and CST levels. Histopathological assessments showed that GAc 10 g/kg + MtxSt significantly alleviated bone and cartilage erosion (p < 0.001), pannus formation (p < 0.001), synovial hyperplasia (p < 0.01), vascular congestion (p < 0.001) and inflammatory cell infiltration (p < 0.001). The therapeutic efficacy of GAc is ascribed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. This study suggested that combining GAc with MtxSt exerts a synergistic effect in mitigating inflammation and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis associated with RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5365-5385"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and arthritic diseases: therapeutic potential for RAS inhibitors.","authors":"Yasser H Habib, Mahmoud Khattab, Mennatallah A Gowayed","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01890-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01890-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a pivotal hormonal regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis, recently implicated in the etiology and progression of inflammatory arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). This review explores the dual nature of RAS, highlighting its classical axis (ACE/Ang II/AT1R), which promotes inflammation and tissue damage, and its counter-regulatory axis (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR), which exhibits anti-inflammatory and protective effects. Elevated levels of RAS components in synovial fluid of arthritis patients emphasize its role in local joint pathology. The potential of RAS inhibitors, including angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), is discussed, demonstrating their efficacy in reducing inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation. Emerging research also underscores the protective effects of the counter-regulatory axis in mitigating inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, which are crucial in arthritis progression. The review further explores innovative therapeutic strategies, such as AI-powered personalized and tailored medicine, to optimize RAS-targeted therapies for enhanced efficacy and patient-specific outcomes. This evolving field highlights the promise of integrating RAS modulation with advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technologies to revolutionize arthritis treatment, offering hope for better disease management and improved quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5037-5047"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of ozone therapy on cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.","authors":"Tássia T Machado, Ana Carolina S Machado, Catarine M Nishijima, Cleverton Roberto de Andrade, Sílvio Roberto Consonni, Lizandra M de Sousa, Carlos A Parada, Cláudia H Tambeli","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01904-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01904-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a condition characterized by progressive cartilage degradation and inflammation, with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) playing an important role in these processes. The present study evaluated the effects of ozone therapy on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the cartilage preservation in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced TMJ-OA rat model. Female Wistar rats were administered a single intra-articular injection of MIA (2 mg/TMJ in 30 µL saline) or saline into the left TMJ. Three days after the MIA injection, rats received two intra-articular injections of an oxygen-ozone mixture (40 µg/mL, 50 µL) administered at a 1-week interval. To perform immunohistochemical analysis, TMJs were collected at days 5 and 12 post-MIA injections (2 days after each injection of the oxygen-ozone mixture) and for histological analysis at days 14 and 21 post-MIA injection. The results suggested that ozone therapy exhibited a protective effect against cartilage degradation on day 14, yet this effect was not observed on day 21 post-MIA injection. Histological evaluation demonstrated partial cartilage preservation, while immunohistochemistry showed that levels of MMP-9 elevated in the condyle by MIA injection were reduced by ozone therapy. Conversely, MMP-2 scores remained unaffected across all experimental groups. The application of ozone therapy did not result in alterations to the type or intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate observed at the degenerative phase of the osteoarthritis. These findings suggest that a brief treatment protocol of ozone therapy, applied during the inflammatory phase, modulates MMP-9 expression and provides transient protection against cartilage degradation in TMJ-OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5333-5345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of 6-gingerol on arthritis in rats by inhibition of the NF-kB TAB1 signaling pathway.","authors":"Xueming Yao, Qiuyi Wang, Xuemei Yuan, Feng Luo, Yi Ling, Changming Chen, Wukai Ma, Zhu Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01920-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01920-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the mechanisms by which 6-gingerol affected miRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and the regulation on NF-κB signaling pathways in synovial cells and GES-1 via miR-30c-2-3p. In addition, the study evaluated potential protective effects of 6-gingerol on synovial tissue and gastric mucosa based on a rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The role of 6-gingerol was evaluated using assays including Western Blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), qPCR, immunofluorescence, dual luciferase reporter gene assay, ELISA, CCK-8 cell viability assay, and protein expression analysis. Meanwhile, the effects of 6-gingerol on synovial tissue and gastric mucosa were evaluated using an animal model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6-Gingerol exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating miR-30c-2-3p, targeting the TAB1 gene, and suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway activation. In both synovial cells and GES-1, 6-gingerol significantly reduced the concentration of inflammatory factors and increased cell viability. In addition, 6-gingerol regulated key molecules in the NF-κB signaling pathway through miR-30c-2-3p, thereby reducing inflammatory response. Based on the rat model, 6-gingerol showed protective effects on synovial tissue and gastric mucosa, while miR-30c-2-3p antagomir might attenuate the therapeutic effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>6-Gingerol effectively suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway activation via upregulating miR-30c-2-3p expression, which targeted TAB1. This led to significant anti-inflammatory and protective effects in synovial cells and GES-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5599-5619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic potentials of combined polyphenol-rich fractions from Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi leaves through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in Sprague Dawley rats model.","authors":"Bader Alsuwayt","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01686-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01686-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of the present study was to combine the ethanol extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi (ZMZS) and fractioned with different solvents of increasing polarity for evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials. The ethanolic extracts of leaves were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus, mixed in ratio (1:1 w/w) and then fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. In vitro antioxidant activity of all fractions was assessed using total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2-dipehnyl, 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, reducing power and bleachability of β-carotene in Linoleic acid system assays. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest antioxidant activity in terms of the highest TPC (212.15 mg/g) and TFC (39.54 mg/g), better DPPH radical scavenging (IC_50, 4.82 µg/ml), reducing power and β-carotene bleachability. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC) was performed for the characterization of polyphenols in Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi extracts individually and ethyl acetate fraction of ZMZS. Results showed that EAF was enriched with phenolic acids, notable coumarin, gallic acid, salicylic acid and chlorogenic acid, whereas quercetin and kaempferol were the most abundant flavonoids. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of most potent ethyl acetate fraction was performed using a carrageenan-induced model and analgesic activity using hot plate method in male Sprague Dawley rats. Further, the suppression of inflammatory biomarkers and the oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. Results indicate that EAF possesses significant anti-inflammatory and anti-analgesic properties at 500 mg/kg BW as evidenced by their ability to reduce paw edema, percentage inhibition and prolonged latency time and proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The EAF also normalized the oxidative stress levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GP_X), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) when compared to the standard drug indomethacin. The present study concluded that ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of combined ZMZS extract has remarkable antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials possibly due to interactions of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5509-5523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The link between oral health and neurodegeneration: a review of periodontitis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and dementia.","authors":"Pooja Wagaskar, Sayali Gaikwad, Meghraj Suryawanshi, Ashwani Patil","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01888-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01888-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to explore the relationship between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and dementia. It also aims to evaluate the existing evidence and discuss whether periodontitis could be considered a modifiable risk factor in the prevention or progression of neurodegenerative conditions. Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia are among the most challenging health issues of our time, especially with aging populations worldwide. Interestingly, recent research suggests that the health of our mouth-particularly chronic gum disease known as periodontitis-might be more closely linked to brain health than we ever realized. This review explores the growing body of evidence connecting periodontitis with neurodegeneration. We examine how oral bacteria and the inflammation they cause can enter the bloodstream, reach the brain, and potentially trigger or worsen conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. From preclinical models to clinical trials, the data show intriguing overlaps in the biological pathways involved, particularly inflammation, immune responses, and abnormal protein accumulation. While more research is still needed to confirm direct cause-and-effect relationships, the existing findings raise an important question: could improving oral health be a simple, preventive step toward protecting the brain? This review aims to shed light on that possibility and encourages further exploration into treating periodontitis not just as a dental issue, but as a potential key to slowing down or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5023-5036"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathways in age-related eye disease: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.","authors":"Qiaoqiao Kong, Yixiang Jiang, Xiang Li, Xuejing Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01913-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01913-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is a significant risk factor for various ophthalmic diseases, which can lead to vision loss. With the worldwide elderly population expanding, it is essential for researchers to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the progression of ocular diseases and to ascertain methods for their prevention or deceleration. The five principal age-related eye disorders (AREDs) consist of glaucoma, dry eye syndrome (DES), diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A sustained subclinical low-grade inflammation has been observed at the ocular surface of elderly individuals who identify as \"healthy.\" In these instances, an imbalance in para-inflammatory processes, which are essential for preserving tissue homeostasis in response to environmental injuries or insults, results in ocular surface system dysfunction, commonly referred to as InflammAging. Corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells express a variety of immune-related recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs). At the ocular surface, TLRs play an active role in immunological instruction and innate defense mechanisms. The function of TLRs in AREDs is summarized here. In addition to discussing potential solutions and challenges in the clinical use of TLR inhibitors, future challenges will also be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"5257-5271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}