Inflammopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Unravelling the prophylactic anti-inflammatory potential of Koenigia tortuosa through modulation of cytokine levels and inflammatory markers in LPS-induced localized inflammation in Wistar rat models.","authors":"Ambreena Farooq, Mudasar Nabi, Khalid Bashir Dar, Syed Ishfa Andrabi, Nuzhat Khursheed, Farhat Jabeen, Showkat Ahmad Dar, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Abdul Wajid Bhat, Showkat Ahmad Ganie","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01680-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01680-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation, a pivotal factor in various chronic diseases, necessitates safe and effective treatments to alleviate disease severity and symptoms. Current interventional approaches, including synthetic steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pose safety concerns. Consequently, people seek plant-based alternatives as safer substitutes. Koenigia tortuosa, a medicinal plant with rich folklore claims, traditionally treats joint pain, swelling, dysentery and kidney related problems but lacks documentation. This study investigated anti-inflammatory properties of Koenigia tortuosa. Soxhlet extraction method was employed to obtain five different extracts of Koenigia tortuosa viz., hexane (95%), ethyl-acetate (99%), ethanol (99%), methanol (95%) and aqueous. Anti-inflammatory potential of different extracts was determined by both in vitro (including protein denaturation, nitric-oxide scavenging, proteinase inhibition, and erythrocyte membrane stabilization) and in vivo by performing histopathological studies and determining levels of various inflammatory markers like IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α using ELISA and, iNOS, PPAR-γ and COX-2 by Western blotting. GC-MS analysis was performed to reveal the bioactive compounds in extracts. At 600 μg/mL, two extracts, ethyl acetate and methanolic extract exhibited maximum inhibition of protein denaturation 75.07% ± 3.28% and 64.97% ± 1.73%, nitric oxide activity 88.06% ± 3.49% and 82.09% ± 3.61%, proteinase activity 82.06% ± 2.98% and 71.06% ± 3.58%, and erythrocyte-membrane haemolysis 84.94% ± 4.14% and 72.97% ± 4.68%, respectively (P < 0.001). In vivo studies using Wistar rats demonstrated no toxic effects of ethyl acetate and methanolic extract upon oral administration. These two extracts modulated cytokine levels and inflammatory markers, showing concentration dependent reductions in levels of IL-6, IL1-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α (P < 0.001), iNOS, COX-2 in LPS -induced inflammation in Wistar rats. At a dose of 100 mg/kgbwt, KTEA administration resulted in a substantial decrease in cytokine levels: IL1β from 68.99 ± 1.83 pg/mL to 31.68 ± 1.90 pg/mL (P < 0.001), IL6 from 80.40 ± 0.70 pg/mL to 39.47 ± 1.85 pg/mL (P < 0.01), TNFα from 71.34 ± 2.35 pg/mL to 29.37 ± 2.20 pg/mL (P < 0.001), and IFNγ from 120.27 ± 4.26 pg/mL to 68.07 ± 2.78 (P < 0.01) pg/mL. Similarly, a concentration dependent decrease in prostaglandins (273.68 pg/mL and 418.96 pg/mL by ethyl acetate and methanolic extract at 100 mg/kgbwt) and leukotrienes (239.37 pg/mL and 302.19 pg/mL by ethyl acetate and methanolic extract at 100 mg/kgBwt) were observed as compared with the LPS induced group (prostaglandins 1129.99 pg/mL and leukotrienes 558.67 pg/mL). We also observed that Koenigia tortuosa extracts improves the levels of lymphocytes and leukocytes. Notably, PPAR-γ expression exhibited a concentration dependent increase, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory effects through nuclear receptor modulation. Histopathological investigati","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2023-2041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of zoledronic acid combined with calcium and calcitriol in the treatment of senile osteoporosis in elderly patients.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Yuan Tian, Xiaojun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01683-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01683-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness and safety of combining zoledronic acid with calcium supplements and calcitriol in treating primary osteoporosis in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-eight elderly patients with primary osteoporosis were recruited. They were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the CC group (calcium carbonate D3 tablets + calcitriol soft capsules) or the CCZ group (calcium carbonate D3 tablets + calcitriol soft capsules + zoledronic acid injection). The treatment duration was 1 year. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism markers, quality of life (QoL), clinical efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions (ARs) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CCZ group showed increased BMD in the lumbar spine (L1~L4 segments), femoral neck, and hip after treatment relative to CC group. Serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked type 1 collagen C-terminal peptide, and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen decreased, while osteocalcin levels increased. The QoL Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis scores decreased (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). The clinical effective rates were 76.93% in the CC group and 92.31% in the CCZ group, with AR rates of 23.08% and 12.82%, respectively (P < 0.05 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zoledronic acid treatment in elderly patients with primary osteoporosis demonstrates significant efficacy by increasing bone density, improving bone metabolism, enhancing QoL, and exhibiting high safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1899-1905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic applications of natural products in the management of venous diseases: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Rasha E Mostafa, Dalia E Ali, Riham A El-Shiekh, Ahmed N El-Alfy, Mohamed S Abd El Hafeez, Ahmed M Reda, Nesrin M Fayek","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01688-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01688-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of venous diseases among adults is approximately 77% in females and 57% in males. These conditions are prevalent, progressive disorders that significantly affect individuals socially, physically, and psychologically, often resulting in various venous abnormalities that hinder effective blood circulation in the lower limbs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of venous diseases, focusing on their pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and complications. The symptoms associated with venous diseases are diverse and can include pain, heaviness, swelling, ulcers, and skin changes. Risk factors such as age, obesity, hormonal influences, and genetic predispositions are discussed in relation to their contribution to disease progression. The therapeutic modalities for managing venous diseases are explored, with a particular emphasis on natural products in alleviating symptoms and improving vascular health. Natural compounds, i.e., flavonoids, play a vital role in the circulatory system, supporting blood vessels and promoting healthy blood flow, in addition to their vasoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet properties. Overall, the ongoing research efforts on the efficacy of natural products will significantly enhance the management of several venous diseases in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1673-1712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting mTOR with curcumin: therapeutic implications for complex diseases.","authors":"Danial Khayatan, Seyed Mehrad Razavi, Zahra Najafi Arab, Hadis Nasoori, Abtin Fouladi, Aytak Vahdat Khajeh Pasha, Alexandra E Butler, Sercan Karav, Saeideh Momtaz, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01643-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01643-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial enzyme in regulating multiple signaling pathways in the body, including autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis. Disruption of these mTOR signaling pathways can lead to an array of abnormalities and trigger disease processes, examples being neurodegenerative conditions, cancer, obesity and diabetes. Under conditions of oxidative stress, mTOR can regulate apoptosis and autophagy, with tissue repair being favored under such circumstances. Moreover, the correlation between mTOR and other signaling pathways could play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of numerous disorders. mTOR has a tight connection with NF-κB, Akt, PI3K, MAPK, GSK-3β, Nrf2/HO-1, JAK/STAT, CREB/BDNF, and ERK1/2 pathways, which together could play significant roles in the regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, cell survival, and oxidative stress in different body organs. Research suggests that inhibiting mTOR could be beneficial in treating metabolic, neurological and cardiovascular conditions, as well as potentially extending life expectancy. Therefore, identifying new chemicals and agents that can modulate the mTOR signaling pathway holds promise for treating and preventing these disorders. Curcumin is one such agent that has demonstrated regulatory effects on the mTOR pathway, making it an exciting alternative for reducing complications associated with complex diseases by targeting mTOR. This review aims to examine the potential of curcumin in modulating the mTOR signaling pathway and its therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1583-1616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumol attenuates hyperproliferation and inflammatory response in a psoriatic HaCaT keratinocyte model by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt pathway and ameliorates skin lesions and inflammatory status in psoriasis-like mice.","authors":"Mutian Niu, Xiaolong Li, Mingzhao Li, Fangru Chen, Hui Cao, Qingbo Liu, Bin Liang, Guangyu Pan, Chengqin Liang, Jintao Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01708-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01708-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disorder, is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inflammatory responses. Curcumol, a bioactive terpenoid, possesses antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluates the efficacy of curcumol in treating psoriasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, curcumol inhibits hyperproliferation and inflammatory responses in a psoriatic HaCaT keratinocyte model stimulated by M5 cytokines by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt pathway. Additionally, in vivo, curcumol ameliorates psoriasis-like skin lesions and inflammatory status in imiquimod-induced mice. Network pharmacology revealed that curcumol's beneficial effects might involve the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Further investigation shows that curcumol partially counteracts the activation of PI3K-Akt by recilisib in keratinocytes. These results suggest that curcumol may be a promising therapeutic option for psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2165-2178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse role of S100 calcium-binding protein B in alzheimer's disease: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Sampriti Sarkar, Pratyush Porel, Sourabh Kosey, Khadga Raj Aran","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01697-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01697-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>S100 calcium-binding protein B, a member of the S100 protein family, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, progressive dementia, and severe neuroinflammation. S100 calcium-binding protein B, predominantly secreted by astrocytes, exhibits a dual role in Alzheimer's disease, where at low (nanomolar) concentrations, it exhibits neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects and enhances synaptic plasticity, while at higher concentrations, it contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. In addition to its pathological roles in Alzheimer's disease, S100 calcium-binding protein B is also considered a potential biomarker, as increased levels correlate with cognitive decline and disease progression in cerebrospinal fluid. Targeting S100 calcium-binding protein B and/or its interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end-products seems to be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The development of multiple treatment approaches, such as pharmacological inhibitors, immunotherapy, and modulation of S100 calcium-binding protein B / receptor for advanced glycation end-products signalling pathways, might help to reduce neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta deposition effectively. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of S100 calcium-binding protein B in Alzheimer's disease and to explore its potential as a treatment target, well-grounded in its dual nature. Understanding S100 calcium-binding protein B's involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease may advance its application as a biomarker and help in the development of new treatment strategies, ultimately improving patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1803-1816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative nanocarriers in arthritis therapy: the role of herbal cubosomes.","authors":"Kajal Chaudhary, Lubhan Singh, Pallavi Dinanath Rai","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01714-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01714-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are long-lasting inflammatory disorders that impact the joints. While conventional treatments like NSAIDs and DMARDs are effective, they often have adverse side effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this review is to explore the possibilities of using herbal treatments in treating the symptoms of arthritis, their stability and bioavailability. Traditional therapies often lead to adverse side effects, prompting a search for safer alternatives, particularly in herbal medicines. This review explores the innovative use of herbal cubosomes as advanced nanocarriers for arthritis therapy. Cubosomes, a type of self-assembled lipid nanoparticle, exhibit unique structural characteristics that enhance the delivery and bioavailability of encapsulated herbal compounds.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Access was gained to PubMed, Scopus database, Google Scholar and Web of Science for the literature search. The results were later screened according to the titles, abstracts, and availability of full texts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expository evaluation of the literature revealed that Key herbal components, such as Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Curcuma longa (Turmeric) and Boswellia serrata (Frankincense) are emphasized for their anti-inflammatory characteristics and possible advantages in managing arthritis. The herbal cubosomes enhance drug absorption, retention, and release kinetics in arthritic conditions. The difficulties in delivering and maintaining herbal substances are also discussed, with a focus on how nanotechnology can help get over these obstacles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the integration of herbal cubosomes in arthritis therapy presents a promising approach that could result in safer and more efficient treatment alternatives, warranting further research and clinical exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1833-1860"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of formononetin in 6-OHDA induced Parkinson disease in rats.","authors":"Tanvi Dayanand Pingale, Girdhari Lal Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01709-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01709-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preclinical models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been developed using intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to induce neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction. Formononetin, a phytoestrogen with known anti-aging and anti-apoptotic properties, was investigated for its potential neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. In this study, the rats received a single i.c.v. injection of 6-OHDA and were then treated with formononetin at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg orally for 21 days. Motor coordination, grip strength, and gait were evaluated using the rotarod test, gait analysis, and pole test. Biochemical assessments measured oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH)], proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β), and brain monoamines [dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh)]. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess α-synuclein and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl2) protein expression. The results showed that formononetin significantly improved motor coordination, gait, and grip strength. It also enhanced antioxidant defenses by increasing SOD, catalase, and GSH activities, while reducing neuroinflammation by lowering IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 levels. Furthermore, formononetin alleviated DA depletion and reduced ACh levels, indicating its protective effect on dopaminergic neurons. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that formononetin decreased α-synuclein aggregation and upregulated BCl2 expression, highlighting its neuroprotective and antioxidative properties. In conclusion, formononetin, at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, exhibited significant neuroprotective effects in the 6-OHDA-induced PD rat model. By improving motor function, reducing oxidative stress, and attenuating neuroinflammation, formononetin holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2179-2189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological modes of plant-derived compounds for targeting inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review on immunomodulatory perspective.","authors":"Laiba Nazakat, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Summer, Fakiha Nazakat, Shehzeen Noor, Anfah Riaz","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01664-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01664-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation, synovial swelling, loss of articular structures, swelling, and pain. RA is a major cause of discomfort and disability worldwide, associated with infectious agents, genetic determinants, epigenetic factors, advancing age, obesity, and smoking. Although conventional therapies for RA alleviate the symptoms, but their long-term use is associated with significant side effects. This necessitates the urge to discover complementary and alternative medicine from natural products with minimum side effects.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this review, natural product's potential mechanism of action against RA has been documented in the setting of in-vivo, in-vitro and pre-clinical trials, which provides new treatment opportunities for RA patients. The bioefficacy of these natural product's bioactive compounds must be further studied to discover novel natural medications for RA with high selectivity, improved effectiveness, and economic replacement with minimum side effects.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>The current review article was designed systematically in chronological order. Plants and their phytochemicals are discussed in an order concerning their mode of action. All the mechanisms of action are depicted in diagrams which are thoroughly generated by the Chembiodraw to maintain the integrity of the work. Moreover, by incorporating the recent data with simple language which is not incorporated previously, we tried to provide a molecular insight to the readers of every level and ethnicity. Moreover, Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Science Direct databases were used to collect the data.</p><p><strong>Solution: </strong>Traditionally, various plant extracts and bioactive compounds are effectively used against RA, but their comprehensive pharmacological mechanistic actions are rarely discussed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to systematically review the efficacy and proposed mechanisms of action of different plants and their bioactive compounds including Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (celastrol and triptolide), Nigella sativa (thymoquinone), Zingiber officinale (shogaols, zingerone), Boswellia serrata (boswellic acids), Curcuma longa (curcumin), and Syzygium aromaticum (eugenol) against rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These plants have strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-arthritic effects in different study designs of rheumatoid arthritis with negligible side effects. Phytomedicines could revolutionize pharmacology as they act through alternative pathways hence seeming biocompatible.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1537-1581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramide: a central regulator in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.","authors":"Priyanka Choudhary, Shilpa Kumari, Kajal Bagri, Rahul Deshmukh","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01719-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01719-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceramide is a key component of sphingolipid metabolism and functions as a lipid second messenger. Sphingolipids are crucial for maintaining the nervous system, particularly in differentiation and development. Ceramide supports hippocampal growth but, at elevated levels, can impair dendritic cell function. During aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), intracellular ceramide production and accumulation increase, negatively impacting cognitive functions. High ceramide levels are linked to the progression of AD pathology, significantly contributing to amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, tau tangle formation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Ceramide facilitates the production and aggregation of Aβ peptides, leading to neurotoxic plaque formation. Its dysregulation is associated with abnormal tau protein phosphorylation, resulting in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). In addition, elevated ceramide levels can trigger brain inflammation by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activating microglia. This accumulation also enhances oxidative stress in neurons, damaging cellular components such as proteins, lipids, and DNA. This review will help in deeper understanding of the molecular pathways altered via ceramide metabolism and accumulation involved in the AD pathology. The cellular and pathological mechanisms of ceramide and their impact on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. A deeper understanding of ceramide-mediated effects in aging and AD could pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting ceramide metabolism to treat neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1775-1783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}