Inflammopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory approach of Polypodium vulgare roots by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rats.","authors":"Farah Zafar, Ghazala Shaheen, Shafia Arshad, Faiza Irshad, Muhammad Omer Iqbal, Wajid Syed, Mohamed N A Al Arifi, Naji Alqahtan","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02378-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02378-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polypodium vulgare Linn, roots commonly used in traditional Unani medicine, has been employed to treat ailments. Despite its extensive traditional use, particularly for inflammatory conditions like arthritis, has not been fully explored.</p><p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-lipoxygenase effects of a 70% ethanolic extract of Polypodium. vulgare (P. vulgare) (HEPV) roots in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis rat model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Phytochemical presence was confirmed through preliminary analysis and GC-MS. Various assays, including 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant potential, lipoxygenase inhibition, Human red blood cells membrane stabilization, and protein denaturation, were conducted. The anti-arthritic effects were evaluated in Wistar albino rats using a CFA-induced arthritis model, alongside its impact on blood parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression (TNF-α and IL-6) through qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HEPV demonstrated antioxidant effect accompanied by an 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 44.31 µg/ml in context of DPPH assay. At 600 µg/ml concentration, HEPV demonstrated anti-inflammatory along with anti-arthritic activity comparable to the standard Diclofenac. In a prescribed dosage of 750 mg/kg, the extract significantly reduced the rats' paw inflammation relative to the disease-specific control group. A notable decrease in arthritic score and blood C-reactive protein levels were also seen in HEPV treated groups. TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA expression were all substantially suppressed in the experimental groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides a preclinical basis for the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of P. vulgare, warranting further toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies to confirm its therapeutic benefits in human.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6723-6737"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin nanoformulations for modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: blood-brain barrier transport, formulation strategies and therapeutic applications.","authors":"M Yasmin Begum, Manickam Rajkumar, Prabha Govindaraj, Nadarajan Prathap, Parappurath Narayanan Sudha, Mona Al Hamod, Hamoud Alotaibi, Deenathayalan Uvarajan","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02381-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02381-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a major therapeutic challenge owing to its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis, as well as the limited clinical efficacy of conventional therapeutics caused by poor pharmacokinetic properties, rapid systemic clearance, and restricted transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Curcumin, a naturally derived polyphenolic compound, has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic agent for AD due to its broad neuroprotective and disease-modifying properties. Curcumin has been reported to inhibit amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and fibril formation, destabilize preformed amyloid plaques, suppress tau protein aggregation, reduce oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage, preserve mitochondrial integrity, modulate metal ion-induced neurotoxicity, and protect neuronal cells against apoptosis. Despite these promising therapeutic effects, the clinical translation of curcumin remains significantly limited by poor aqueous solubility, low chemical stability, rapid metabolism, limited systemic bioavailability, and insufficient BBB permeability. This review critically summarizes recent advances in curcumin-based nanocarrier systems for brain-targeted delivery in AD, with particular emphasis on pharmaceutical formulation strategies, physicochemical characterization, encapsulation efficiency, controlled drug release, colloidal stability, and preclinical therapeutic performance. Particular attention is given to the ability of curcumin nanoformulations to modulate neuroinflammatory pathways, including microglial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, which are central contributors to AD progression. This review focuses on polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and biomimetic nanoplatforms engineered to enhance BBB transport and improve brain biodistribution. Collectively, nanocarrier-mediated curcumin delivery represents a promising pharmaceutical strategy to improve brain-specific bioavailability and enable effective multitarget therapeutic intervention in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6519-6548"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural killer cells in ovarian cancer therapy: mechanisms, evasion, and therapeutic innovations.","authors":"Weihong Long, Caiyun Zhang, Can Zhang, Junjie Ni, Chao Xiong, Xu Wu, Mingxing Li, Fukuan Du, Yu Chen, Yueshui Zhao, Jing Shen, Chi Hin Cho, Zhangang Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02397-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02397-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer, one of the most prevalent and formidable malignant tumours within the female reproductive system, poses a grave threat to women's health and lives. Although the current standard-of-care treatments-including cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, supplemented by maintenance therapy with anti-angiogenic agents and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, can alleviate the disease to a certain extent, they face significant limitations, such as resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, toxicity to normal tissues, and recurrence of the tumour. In contrast, natural killer (NK) cells, as an important part of the body's immune system, have anti-tumour activities, and their interaction with ovarian cancer cells to kill ovarian cancer cells brings new hope for cell therapy. The aim of this paper is to summarize the mechanisms involved in NK cells in ovarian cancer treatment, the current status of clinical applications, and new research strategies in the future, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of research and clinical practice in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6413-6430"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lithium-magnesium-zinc axis under stress: regulation of N-glycosylation-linked proteostasis and Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"John V Schloss, Teresa Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02383-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02383-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation resulting from the unfolded protein response to glycosylation dysfunction may be the key driver in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Stress increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease, in part, by depleting essential cofactors required by enzymes involved in N-glycosylation (the first and third, second, fourth, and fifth enzymes-essential cofactors required for dolichol diphosphate-sugar conjugate synthesis are, respectively: DHRSX-NAD/NADPH, SRD5A3-NADPH, DOLK-Zn²⁺, and DPAGT1-Mg²⁺). Lithium reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease by: (1) increasing transcription of DPAGT1, the gene for the first committed enzyme of N-glycosylation, stimulating levels of β-catenin through glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK-3β) inhibition; (2) increasing transcription of SRD5A3, DHRSX, and DOLK, the genes for the enzymes of dolichol phosphate synthesis, stimulating levels of transcription factors through GSK-3β inhibition; and (3) inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) inhibition-increased autophagy clearance of amyloid produced by N-glycosylation pathway dysfunction. Together, lithium, magnesium, and zinc constitute a regulatory axis for protein N-glycosylation, in which lithium levels determine the threshold for pathology during magnesium and zinc depletion under stress. Magnesium is also required by the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, which catalyzes the conversion of dolichol-pyrophosphate-GlcNAc₂-Mana₉-Glc₃ and a protein asparaginyl residue to an N-glycosylated protein and dolichol-pyrophosphate. Stress-induced Mg²⁺ deficiency impairs the oligosaccharyltransferase complex by affecting MAGT1 (magnesium transporter 1) and the STT3A component, resulting in N-glycan defects and hypoglycosylation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting from the unfolded protein response, stimulates N-glycan branching (bisected N-glycans) and hyperglycosylation due to the effect on TUSC3 (a regulator of Mg²⁺ influx) and the STT3B component of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6795-6802"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetically actuated microrobots in urolithiasis: emerging frontiers in kidney stone diagnosis and management.","authors":"Iftakhar Ahmad, Tasmia Jahin Mim, Purnata Ghosh, Maryum Tahir, Ali Emami, Nimrah Seher, Fouzia Tasnim, Sachin Kothawade, Vijaya Padwal, Bhushan Rane","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02382-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02382-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urolithiasis is a common and recurrent urinary tract disorder in which stone size, composition, location, anatomy, and patient factors influence the choice and success of treatment. Although shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) provide effective treatment for many patients, residual fragments, difficult calyceal access, repeated procedures, tissue trauma, and procedure-specific risks remain relevant clinical challenges. These limitations have encouraged investigation of miniature, wirelessly controlled systems that could reach confined regions of the urinary tract and perform localized diagnostic or therapeutic tasks. This review examines magnetically actuated microrobots and related magnetic microdevices for kidney stone navigation, detection, fragmentation, dissolution, and fragment retrieval. Particular attention is given to rotational, oscillatory, and gradient-driven actuation; magnetic materials and biocompatible coatings; integration with ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and other sensing approaches; and hybrid magnetic-acoustic or drug-delivery platforms. Rather than treating all microrobotic studies as equivalent, the review distinguishes direct urolithiasis evidence from evidence transferred from other biomedical applications. The available evidence remains predominantly preclinical. Demonstrations include urinary-tract phantoms, microfluidic models, ex vivo experiments, and selected animal studies, while human clinical trials of magnetically actuated microrobots for kidney stone diagnosis or treatment have not been established in the literature reviewed here. Accordingly, the principal value of these systems at present is technological feasibility rather than demonstrated clinical superiority. Key barriers include real-time localization, magnetic-force attenuation with depth, safe deployment and retrieval, obstruction or urothelial injury, material fate, manufacturing reproducibility, regulatory classification, and cost-effectiveness. Future clinical claims should therefore be considered prospective and conditional on rigorous validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6561-6578"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPLC-characterized phenolics from Acer oblongifolium attenuate inflammation, pain, and CNS-related disturbances: docking, edema, nociception, and behavioural studies.","authors":"Hammad Ismail, Saqib Hussain Hadri, Umer Rashid, Hafiza Aqsa Ashraf, Amna Mahmood, Abdullah Tariq, Ayesha Jannat, Adeena Ansar, Sheeza Masud, Muhammad Rashid, Lyba Sarfraz, Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02398-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02398-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenolic compounds of plant origin are promising alternatives, but the potential of Acer oblongifolium and its components has not been studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects of Acer oblongifolium extract and four of its major phenolics, catechin, syringic acid, vanillic acid and gentisic acid-with the help of in silico, in vivo and biochemical techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HPLC was performed to investigate the phenolic content of the plant extract. The binding of known compounds with TNF α, IL-6 and IL-1β was evaluated with the help of molecular docking. In-vivo tests, including the hole board test, open field test, hot plate test, writhing assay, carrageenan induced paw edema and histamine induced edema were used to evaluate the pharmaceutical potential. ELISA was performed to measure serum and tissue IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPLC validated the presence of four phenolic compounds, including Gentisic acid, vanillic acid, catechin and syringic acid. Gentisic acid exhibited strong hydrogen binding with TNF-α and IL-1β. The most pronounced anxiolytic-like activity was exhibited by vanillic acid which decreased immobility by 60% and freezing behavior by 62% in open field test, and enhanced the latency of hot plate by 30%. Gentisic acid prevented carrageenan induced paw swelling by 82% at 3 h and vanillic acid prevented histamine induced edema by 80%, which was better than cetirizine. ELISA indicated that both Gentisic acid and catechin were the most effective in reducing high levels of IL-1β and TNF-α levels in serum and brain tissue from 4.55 to 2.035 pg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acer oblongifolium and its phenolic constituents, principally Gentisic acid and vanillic acid, showed analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic-like activity in this preclinical model, potentially mediated via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6803-6818"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148968080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomal curcumin nanocarrier ameliorates synaptic dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage.","authors":"Kianoush Saberi, Nikki Ghadiminia, Abdumalik Mamataliyev, Telmon Turaev, Gulbahor Umarkulova, Otabek Nadjmitdinov, Abdukakhkhor Artikov, Sadridin Eshkaraev, Yuldash Takhirov, Barno Amirullayeva, Nargiza Ayubova, Rano Kuchkorova, Zamira Erdanova","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02400-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02400-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) contribute to cognitive impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Curcumin, a natural polyphenol from Curcuma longa, has anti-inflammatory properties but limited bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Liposomal curcumin (Lipo-Cur, 103.2 nm, 74% encapsulation) was prepared by thin-film hydration. Adult male rats were assigned to Sham, ICH (collagenase + empty liposomes), and ICH-Cur (collagenase + Lipo-Cur, 30 mg/kg, i.p. at 2, 24, 48 h post-surgery). On day 7, we assessed NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation, BDNF/TrkB/CREB/Erk signaling, PSD-95 expression, neuronal survival (Nissl staining), and working memory (Y-maze).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lipo-Cur significantly suppressed NLRP3/caspase-1, restored p-CREB/CREB and p-TrkB/TrkB, normalized p-Erk/Erk, and upregulated PSD-95 (all p < 0.01). It also reduced neuronal loss, restored BDNF (p < 0.05), attenuated NLRP3 (p < 0.01), and improved Y-maze alternation (p < 0.001) without affecting locomotion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that liposomal curcumin exerts neuroprotective effects in the mPFC after ICH, likely through mechanisms involving suppression of NLRP3/caspase-1 and enhancement of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling. This supports its potential as a natural product-based therapeutic for stroke-induced cognitive impairment, though further mechanistic studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6839-6847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and effects of Moroccan monofloral honeys on ovalbumin induced asthma in rats.","authors":"Karima El-Yagoubi, Abderrazak Aboulghazi, Mohammed El Ouassete, Najoua Soulo, Ghizlane Nouioura, Marouane Aouji, Souad Maache, Soumaya Touzani, Badiaa Lyoussi","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02395-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02395-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honey has been traditionally used for the management of respiratory disorders, including asthma, yet its mechanistic relevance in allergic airway inflammation remains insufficiently clarified. The present study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory effects of two Moroccan monofloral honeys, Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam and Eryngium campestre L., in a rat model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma, and explored potential molecular interactions of major phenolic constituents with key signaling proteins involved in disease pathophysiology. Physicochemical properties were determined according to standard methods. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds (TPC and TFC) were quantified using colorimetric assays, while ascorbic acid content was determined by titrimetric analysis. Phenolic profiles were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, and antioxidant activity was assessed using radical-scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. In vivo effects were evaluated through hematological analysis, immunoglobulin E (IgE) quantification, bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity, and histopathological examination. Both honeys met international quality standards and exhibited distinct phenolic signatures. Eryngium campestre L. honey showed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents and stronger antioxidant activity compared with Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam honey. OVA sensitization induced a marked leukocyte infiltration and elevated the IgE levels, whereas honey supplementation reduced significantly inflammatory cell counts and IgE concentrations and preserved lung architecture. Molecular docking indicated the favorable interactions of quercetin and kaempferol with spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). These findings suggest that Moroccan monofloral honeys exert antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects and may attenuate allergic airway inflammation through the modulation of the key inflammatory signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6697-6711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yucca filamentosa extract therapeutic potential against neuro-inflammation and demyelination through modulation of eicosanoids.","authors":"Malik Saad Ullah, Areej Asghar, Zunera Chauhdary, Muhammad Irfan, Samina Afzal","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02379-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02379-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the demyelination of nerve cells. So, it is mandatory to find out such phytochemicals that may prove to be helpful in treating neurodegeneration. Yucca filamentosa possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and healing properties for the damaged neurons.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Yucca filamentosa extract (YFE) was prepared and GCMS fingerprinting and molecular docking was performed. Animals divided as Normal, Demyelination disease model, Standard care group, and three treatment groups as YFE 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg. Cuprizone 0.2% was mixed in chow diet to induce multiple sclerosis for 42 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GC-MS profiling indicates the presence of oleic acid, phytol, and thymol. Neurobehavioral studies were carried out after YFE treatment. Cuprizone caused motor dysfunction as well as anxiety-like behavior in rats. Treatment groups showed notable improvement in the function of motor neurons, and cognition in behavioral tests. YFE downregulated mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-6, ABPP, Alpha synuclein, and acetylcholinesterase. YFE also decreased serum level of TNF-α, IL-6, PGE₂, Nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and leukotrienes B4 in treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>YFE exhibited neuroprotective potential through inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and modulation of neurodegenerative markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6771-6793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: an integrated review of resistance mechanisms, host immunometabolism, and next generation therapeutics.","authors":"Krithika Gupta, Ambak Kumar Rai, Smriti Singh, Bankuru Navyatha, Satya Prakash","doi":"10.1007/s10787-026-02396-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-026-02396-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmania donovani is the most common cause of visceral leishmaniasis, which has been a significantly neglected tropical disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in the endemic countries. The persistence with a small number of antileishmanial drugs has led to the development and propagation of drug resistance, which undermines treatment efficacy and control initiatives. This review presents a multidisciplinary and in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of drug resistance in VL, integrating parasite-specific determinants with host-level metabolic reprogramming. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of drug neutralisation caused by dysregulation of drug uptake and efflux in aquaglyceroporin-1 (AQP1), as well as additional drug neutralisation caused by thiol-based redox detoxification in the trypanothione pathway. We also discuss the role of the parasite in manipulating host macrophage cholesterol dynamics, lipid raft disruption, and immune suppression to create a permissive intracellular niche that suppresses drug accumulation and drug response. The contribution of sterol remodelling, especially through the parasite-specific LdSMT enzyme and CYP710C1-mediated production of stigmasterol, is addressed in the context of both resistance acquisition and rational drug targeting. On the therapeutic side, the present article assesses the existing evidence base of combination regimens, host-directed approaches, and new oral pipeline of novel oral candidates, under clinical development by DNDi and partner institutions, such as LXE408, DNDI-6174, liposomal nanoformulations. Further, the article provides a survey of the topography of diagnostic instruments, including strong points and translational shortcomings of parasitological confirmation, molecular and serological. Together, this review highlights the necessity of combined, surveillance-based, and target-specific strategies in order to support and prolong the achieved progress in VL eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"6431-6449"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148968075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}