Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"Antiviral Effectiveness, Clinical Outcomes, and Artificial Intelligence Imaging Analysis for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Receiving Antivirals","authors":"Yuan Gao,&nbsp;Yixi Dong,&nbsp;Qiushi Bu,&nbsp;Zhijie Gong,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Zhongkai Zhou,&nbsp;Yunyi Gao,&nbsp;Liwei Liu,&nbsp;Menghua Wu,&nbsp;Jiaying Zhang,&nbsp;Lianchun Liang,&nbsp;Hongjun Li,&nbsp;Mengxi Jiang,&nbsp;Zujin Luo,&nbsp;Yingmin Ma,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongjie Hu","doi":"10.1111/irv.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is still a lack of clinical evidence comprehensively evaluating the effectiveness of antiviral treatments for COVID-19 hospitalized patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Beijing You'An Hospital, focusing on patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or azvudine. The study employed a tripartite analysis—viral dynamics, survival curve analysis, and AI-based radiological analysis of pulmonary CT images—aiming to assess the severity of pneumonia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 370 patients treated with either nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or azvudine as monotherapy, those in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir group experienced faster viral clearance than those treated with azvudine (5.4 days vs. 8.4 days, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the survival curves between the two drug groups. AI-based radiological analysis revealed that patients in the nirmatrelvir group had more severe pneumonia conditions (infection ratio is 11.1 vs. 5.35, <i>p</i> = 0.007). Patients with an infection ratio higher than 9.2 had nearly three times the mortality rate compared to those with an infection ratio lower than 9.2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study suggests that in real-world studies regarding hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the antiviral effect of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is significantly superior to azvudine, but the choice of antiviral agents is not necessarily linked to clinical outcomes; the severity of pneumonia at admission is the most important factor to determine prognosis. Additionally, our findings indicate that pulmonary AI imaging analysis can be a powerful tool for predicting patient prognosis and guiding clinical decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Influenza B/Yamagata Viruses From Season 2012/2013 to 2021/2022 in Italy as an Indication of a Potential Lineage Extinction","authors":"Serena Marchi,&nbsp;Marco Bruttini,&nbsp;Giovanna Milano,&nbsp;Ilaria Manini,&nbsp;Maria Chironna,&nbsp;Elena Pariani,&nbsp;Alessandro Manenti,&nbsp;Otfried Kistner,&nbsp;Emanuele Montomoli,&nbsp;Nigel Temperton,&nbsp;Claudia Maria Trombetta","doi":"10.1111/irv.13359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13359","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza B/Yamagata viruses exhibited weak antigenic selection in recent years, reducing their prevalence over time and requiring no update of the vaccine component since 2015. To date, no B/Yamagata viruses have been isolated or sequenced since March 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The antibody prevalence against the current B/Yamagata vaccine strain in Italy was investigated: For each influenza season from 2012/2013 to 2021/2022, 100 human serum samples were tested by haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay against the vaccine strain B/Phuket/3073/2013. In addition, the sequences of 156 B/Yamagata strains isolated during the influenza surveillance activities were selected for analysis of the haemagglutinin genome segment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>About 61.9% of the human samples showed HAI antibodies, and 21.7% had protective antibody levels. The prevalence of antibodies at protective levels in the seasons between the isolation of the strain and its inclusion in the vaccine was between 11% and 25%, with no significant changes observed in subsequent years. A significant increase was observed in the 2020/2021 season, in line with the increase in influenza vaccine uptake during the pandemic. Sequence analysis showed that from 2014/2015 season onward, all B/Yamagata strains circulating in Italy were closely related to the B/Phuket/2013 vaccine strain, showing only limited amino acid variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A consistent prevalence of antibodies to the current B/Yamagata vaccine strain in the general population was observed. The prolonged use of a well-matched influenza vaccine and a low antigenic diversity of B/Yamagata viruses may have facilitated a strong reduction in B/Yamagata circulation, potentially contributing to the disappearance of this lineage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Viral Testing Rate Patterns in Young Children Attending Tertiary Care Across Western Australia: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study","authors":"Belaynew W. Taye,&nbsp;Mohinder Sarna,&nbsp;Huong Le,&nbsp;Avram Levy,&nbsp;Cara Minney-Smith,&nbsp;Peter Richmond,&nbsp;Robert Menzies,&nbsp;Christopher C. Blyth,&nbsp;Hannah C. Moore","doi":"10.1111/irv.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An understanding of viral testing rates is crucial to accurately estimate the pathogen-specific hospitalisation burden. We aimed to estimate the patterns of testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (PIV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) by geographical location, age and time in children &lt;5 years old in Western Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a population-based cohort study of children born between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021, utilising linked administrative data incorporating birth and death records, hospitalisations and respiratory viral surveillance testing records from state-wide public pathology data. We examined within-hospital testing rates using survival analysis techniques and identified independent predictors of testing using binary logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our dataset included 46,553 laboratory tests for RSV, influenza, PIV, or hMPV from 355,021 children (52.5% male). Testing rates declined in the metropolitan region over the study period (RSV testing in infants: from 242.11/1000 child-years in 2012 to 155.47/1000 child-years in 2018) and increased thereafter. Conversely, rates increased in non-metropolitan areas (e.g., RSV in Goldfields: from 364.92 in 2012 to 504.37/1000 child-years in 2021). The strongest predictors of testing were age &lt;12 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.25, 95% CI 2.20–2.31), preterm birth (&lt;32 weeks: aOR = 2.90, 95% CI 2.76–3.05) and remote residence (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.73–0.81).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These current testing rates highlight the potential underestimation of respiratory virus hospitalisations by routine surveillance and the need for estimation of the true burden of respiratory virus admissions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Kosovo-Wide Population-Based Seroepidemiological Study","authors":"Naser Ramadani,&nbsp;Sanije Hoxha-Gashi,&nbsp;Dafina Gexha-Bunjaku,&nbsp;Arijana Kalaveshi,&nbsp;Xhevat Jakupi,&nbsp;Isme Humolli,&nbsp;Aisling Vaughan,&nbsp;Richard Pebody,&nbsp;Pranvera Kacaniku-Gunga,&nbsp;Violeta Jashari","doi":"10.1111/irv.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seroprevalence studies have proven to be an important tool in tracking the progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the general population of Kosovo by gender, age group and region and among asymptomatic people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Institute of Public Health of Kosovo conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey, aligned with the protocols of the WHO Unity Studies, from the beginning of May to the end of June 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey covered a total of 2204 people with a response rate of 91.8% (41.9% [923] males and 51.2% [1281] females). In May to June 2021, the prevalence of antibodies in the overall population (IgG antibodies ≥ 1.1) was 37.0%. Seroprevalence was 34.4% in men and 38.9% in women (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with the highest percentage (48.7%) found in the 60–69 years' age group. The overall prevalence of acute IgM antibodies (IgM ≥ 1.1) was 1% (95% CI: 0.7%–1.5%), with no significant difference between genders and the highest prevalence among participants of 60–69 years of age (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.7%–3.6%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A high prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was found in Kosovo before the start of the vaccination campaign. However, the results of the survey suggested that, by the end of June 2021, a desirable level of protection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus had not been reached.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Baloxavir and Oseltamivir in Outpatients With Influenza B","authors":"Takahiro Takazono,&nbsp;Genta Ito,&nbsp;Naoki Hosogaya,&nbsp;Naoki Iwanaga,&nbsp;Takuji Komeda,&nbsp;Masayuki Kobayashi,&nbsp;Yoshitake Kitanishi,&nbsp;Eriko Ogura,&nbsp;Hiroshi Mukae","doi":"10.1111/irv.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from a Japanese health insurance database to assess the effectiveness of baloxavir (<i>n</i> = 4822) for preventing severe events compared with oseltamivir (<i>n</i> = 10,523) in patients with influenza B. The primary endpoint was hospitalization incidence (Days 2–14). The secondary endpoints included intravenous antibacterial drug use, pneumonia hospitalization, heart failure hospitalization, inhalational oxygen requirement, and use of other anti-influenza drugs. The hospitalization incidence was significantly lower with baloxavir (0.15% vs. 0.37%; risk ratio: 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–5.43). Pneumonia and additional anti-influenza therapy were also less frequent with baloxavir, thus supporting its use.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> UMIN Clinical Trials Registry Study ID: UMIN000051382</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine Attenuates the Severity of RSV-Associated Disease in Breakthrough Infections in Adults ≥60 Years of Age","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/irv.13364","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Members of the AReSVi-006 Study Group (names are listed alphabetically): <i>Adams, Mark; Adams, Michael; Akite, Elaine Jacqueline; Alt, Ingrid; Andrews, Charles; Antonelli-Incalzi, Rafaelle; Asatryan, Asmik; Athan, Eugene; Bahrami, Ghazaleh; Bargagli, Elena; Bhorat, Qasim; Bird, Paul; Borowy, Przemyslaw; Boutry, Celine; Brotons Cuixart, Carles; Browder, David; Brown, Judith; Buntinx, Erik; Cameron, Donald; Campora, Laura; Chinsky, Kenneth; Choi, Melissa; Choo, Eun-Ju; Collete, Delphine; Corral Carrillo, Maria; David, Marie-Pierre; Davis, Matthew G; de Heusch, Magali; de Looze, Ferdinandus; De Meulemeester, Marc; De Negri, Ferdinando; De Schrevel, Nathalie; DeAtkine, David; Dedkova, Viktoriya; Descamps, Dominique; Dezutter, Nancy; Dzongowski, Peter; Eckermann, Tamara; Essink, Brandon; Faulkner, Karen; Feldman, Robert; Ferguson, Murdo; Fissette, Laurence; Fuller, Gregory; Gentile, Ivan; Ghesquiere, Wayne; Grimard, Doria; Gruselle, Olivier; Halperin, Scott; Heer, Amardeep; Hotermans, Andre; Ison, Michael G; Jelinek, Tomas; Kamerbeek, Jackie; Kim, Hyo Youl; Kimmel, Murray; Koch, Mark; Kokko, Satu; Koski, Susanna; Kotb, Shady; Lalueza, Antonio; Langley, Joanne M; Lee, Dong-Gun; Lee, Jin-Soo; Leroux-Roels, Isabel; Lins, Muriel; Lombaard, Johannes; Mahomed, Akbar; Malerba, Mario; Marechal, Celine; Martinon-Torres, Federico; Martinot, Jean-Benoit; Masuet-Aumatell, Cristina; McNally, Damien; Medina Pech, Carlos Eduardo; Mendez Galvan, Jorge; Mesaros, Narcisa Elena; Mesotten, Dieter; Mitha, Essack; Mngadi, Kathryn; Moeckesch, Beate; Montgomery, Barnaby; Murray, Linda; Nally, Rhiannon; Newberg, Joseph; Nugent, Paul; Ochoa Mazarro, Dolores; Oda, Harunori; Olivier, Aurelie; Orso, Maurizio; Ortiz Molina, Jacinto; Pak, Tatiana; Papi, Alberto; Patel, Meenakshi; Patel, Minesh; Pedro Pijoan, Anna Maria; Perez Vera, Merce; Perez, Alberto Borobia; Pileggi, Claudia; Pregliasco, Fabrizio; Pretswell, Carol; Quinn, Dean; Reynolds, Michele; Romanenko, Viktor; Rosen, Jeffrey; Ruiz Antoran, Belen; Sakata, Hideaki; Sauter, Joachim; Sein Anand, Izabela; Serra Rexach, Jose Antonio; Shu, David; Siig, Andres; Simon, William; Smakotina, Svetlana; Steenackers, Katie; Tafuri, Silvio; Takazawa, Kenji; Tellier, Guy; Terryn, Wim; Tharenos, Leslie; Thomas, Nick; Toursarkissian, Nicole; Ukkonen, Benita; Vale, Noah; Van der Wielen, Marie; Van Landegem, Pieter-Jan; van Zyl-Smit, Richard N; Vanden Abeele, Carline; Verheust, Celine; Vermeersch, Lode; Vicco, Miguel; Vitale, Francesco; Voloshyna, Olga; White, Judith; Wie, Seong-Heon; Wilson, Jonathan; Ylisastigui, Pedro</i>.</p><p>Curran et al., 2024, The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine Attenuates the Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Disease in Breakthrough Infections in Adults ≥60 Years of Age, <i>Influenza Other Respir Viruses</i>, doi: 10.1111/irv.13236</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waning Humoral Immune Response Following the Third and Fourth SARS-COV-2 Vaccine: A Cohort Study in Healthcare Workers","authors":"Ahmet Furkan Süner,&nbsp;Gül Ergör,&nbsp;Derya Çağlayan,&nbsp;Neslişah Türe,&nbsp;Irmak Güzel,&nbsp;Çağlar Irmak,&nbsp;Elif Işık,&nbsp;Özgür Appak,&nbsp;Muammer Çelik,&nbsp;Gamze Öztürk,&nbsp;Sema Alp Çavuş,&nbsp;Arzu Sayiner,&nbsp;Alp Ergör,&nbsp;Yücel Demiral,&nbsp;Bulent Kilic","doi":"10.1111/irv.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is aimed at providing information about the timing of booster doses and antibody kinetics in healthcare workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research extends a prospective cohort study conducted at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital in Turkey, covering the period from March 2021 to December 2021. During this timeframe, the antibody levels of the health workers were measured at four different time points. The associations of antibody levels with gender, age, occupation, body mass index (BMI), chronic disease, and smoking were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant difference between antibody levels in all four blood draws (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Antibody levels decreased in both those vaccinated with BNT162b2 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and those vaccinated with CoronaVac (<i>p</i> = 0.002) until the fourth blood draw. There was a significant difference between those vaccinated with one and two doses of booster BNT162b2 before the third blood draw (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), which continued at the fourth blood draw (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The antibody levels of those with an interval of 41–50 days between two vaccinations decreased significantly at the fourth blood draw (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides insight into the dynamics and persistence of antibody response after additional COVID-19 vaccine doses among healthcare workers. The longer the interval between booster doses may result in greater antibody levels being maintained over time, allowing for longer durations of protection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Severe Influenza-Complicated Thromboembolism Events, Intensive Care Unit Stays and Mortality, and Associated Risk Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Wei-Chun Lee,&nbsp;Che-Chia Chang,&nbsp;Meng-Chin Ho,&nbsp;Chin-Kuo Lin,&nbsp;Chieh-Mo Lin,&nbsp;Yu-Hung Fang,&nbsp;Shu-Yi Huang,&nbsp;Yu-Ching Lin,&nbsp;Min-Chun Chuang,&nbsp;Tsung-Ming Yang,&nbsp;Ming-Szu Hung,&nbsp;Yen-Li Chou,&nbsp;Ying-Huang Tsai,&nbsp;Meng-Jer Hsieh","doi":"10.1111/irv.13354","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13354","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>The association between influenza infection and thromboembolism (TE) events, including cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis, is supported by compelling evidence. However, there is a disparity in the risk factors that impact the outcomes of severe influenza-complicated TE in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of severe influenza-complicated TE in ICU patients and identify any associated risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting consecutive patients with TE events admitted to the ICU between December 2015 through December 2018 at our institution in Taiwan. The study included a group of 108 patients with severe influenza and a control group of 192 patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Associations between complicated TE, length of ICU stay, and 90-day mortality were evaluated using logistic regression analysis, and risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate generalized linear regression analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TE event prevalence was significantly higher in ICU patients with severe influenza than in ICU patients with severe CAP (21.3% vs. 5.7%, respectively; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Patients with severe influenza who developed TE experienced a significant increase in the ratio of mechanical ventilation use, length of mechanical ventilation use, ICU stay, and 90-day mortality when compared to patients without TE (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The comparison of severe CAP patients with and without TE revealed no significant differences (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The development of thromboembolic events in patients with severe influenza or severe noninfluenza CAP is linked to influenza infection and hypertension (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, complicated TE and the severity of the APACHE II score are risk factors for 90-day mortality in ICU patients with severe influenza (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with severe influenza and complicated TE are more likely to have an extended ICU stay and 90-day mortality than patients with severe CAP. The risk is significantly higher for patients with a higher APACHE II score. The results of this study may aid in defining better strategies for early recognition and prevention of severe influenza-complicated TE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Regarding the Article by Karami et al. on the Surveillance of Endemic Coronaviruses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran, 2021–2022","authors":"Eleni Rousogianni,&nbsp;Garyfallia Perlepe,&nbsp;Stylianos Boutlas,&nbsp;Dimitrios Papagiannis,&nbsp;Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis","doi":"10.1111/irv.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Sir,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We read with great interest the article by Karami et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] that describes the prevalence of respiratory infections caused by endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoVs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, indicating their low prevalence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a renewed interest in eHCoVs, which account for an estimated 5%–10% of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in temperate climates [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. These endemic human coronaviruses are widespread globally and generally result in mild to moderate infections of the upper respiratory tract. However, systematic surveillance data on the epidemiology of endemic coronaviruses NL63, HKU1, OC43, and 229E are currently lacking due to their underappreciated clinical and epidemiological impact. In pre-pandemic years, respiratory virus detections followed a stable seasonal pattern. Many studies, including the one discussed here, showed the low circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses, especially endemic coronaviruses, during the COVID-19 pandemic [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. This was followed by a marked increase after the first and second lockdowns [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Compared to 2019, respiratory virus numbers increased by 23% in 2020, 100% in 2021, and 270% in 2022 [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This reduction in virus circulation is mainly attributed to nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) like travel restrictions, temporary lockdowns, school closures, mask-wearing, and improved hygiene practices. These measures likely played an important role in decreasing coronavirus transmission [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. However, evaluating the impact of NPIs is complex and influenced by factors such as pathogen characteristics, demographics, and timing and location of NPIs. Competition between SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses may also affect epidemiology [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Additionally, prolonged periods of reduced exposure to common pathogens can lead to a temporary decrease in population immunity. With reduced exposure during the pandemic, people's immune systems might not be as prepared to fend off these endemic viruses once they re-emerge [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. The pandemic disrupted the usual circulation patterns of many viruses, allowing some viruses suppressed during the pandemic to find new opportunities to spread once normal activities resumed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After the low circulation of eHCoVs during the COVID-19 pandemic, a seasonal increase in respiratory pathogens is expected. As it is mentioned in the Karami et al. article, surveillance research is essential to monitor eHCoV distribution patterns and identify changes in the epidemiology of these viruses. This is essential for developing strategies to timely control the future outbreaks of eHCoVs throughout the nation [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. In this direction, we examined all adults with acute respiratory infection symptoms presenting to the Emergency and Respiratory Medicine Departments of the University Hospital of Larissa (UHL), Greece, between Novemb","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology of Pathogens in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Among Children in Southwest China Before, During and After COVID-19 Non-pharmaceutical Interventions: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ruling Yang,&nbsp;Hongmei Xu,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Zhang,&nbsp;Quanbo Liu,&nbsp;Ruiqiu Zhao,&nbsp;Gaihuan Zheng,&nbsp;Xiaoying Wu","doi":"10.1111/irv.13361","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13361","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the pathogen epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among children in Southwest China before, during and after the COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pathogen data of hospitalised children with CAP, including multiple direct immunofluorescence test for seven viruses, bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, were analysed across three phases: Phase I (pre-NPIs: 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019), Phase II (NPI period: 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020) and Phase III (post-NPIs: 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 7533 cases were enrolled, including 2444, 1642 and 3447 individuals in Phases I, II and III, respectively. <i>M. pneumoniae</i> predominated in Phases I and III (23.4% and 35.5%, respectively). In Phase II, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) emerged as the primary pathogen (20.3%), whereas detection rates of influenza A virus (Flu A) and <i>M. pneumoniae</i> were at a low level (1.8% and 9.6%, respectively). In Phase III, both Flu A (15.8%) and <i>M. pneumoniae</i> epidemic rebounded, whereas RSV detection rate returned to Phase I level, and detection rates of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> decreased significantly compared to those in Phase I. Detection rates of adenovirus and parainfluenza virus type 3 decreased phase by phase. Age-stratified analysis and monthly variations supported the above findings. Seasonal patterns of multiple pathogens were disrupted during Phases II and III.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID-19 NPIs exhibited a distinct impact on CAP pathogen epidemic among children, with post-NPIs increases observed in <i>M. pneumoniae</i> and Flu A prevalence. Continuous pathogen monitoring is crucial for effective prevention and control of paediatric CAP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}