Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"Transmission and Pathologic Findings of Divergent Human Seasonal H1N1pdm09 Influenza A Viruses Following Spillover Into Pigs in the United States","authors":"Giovana Ciacci Zanella,&nbsp;Alexey Markin,&nbsp;Megan Neveau Thomas,&nbsp;Celeste A. Snyder,&nbsp;Carine K. Souza,&nbsp;Bailey Arruda,&nbsp;Tavis K. Anderson,&nbsp;Amy L. Baker","doi":"10.1111/irv.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) lineage of influenza A viruses (IAV) emerged in North America in 2009. It spread rapidly due to efficient transmission and the limited immunity in humans, replacing the previous human seasonal H1. Human-to-swine transmission of H1N1pdm09 IAV has since contributed to genetic diversity in pigs. While most were not sustained, approximately 160 spillovers persisted in pigs in the United States for at least 1 year and reassorted with other endemic swine IAVs in most cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to identify how transmission and reassortment with endemic IAV in swine impact virus traits and zoonotic risk in this study. We conducted a swine pathogenesis and transmission study using four swine H1N1pdm09 viruses derived from different human influenza seasons that had acquired different gene segment combinations after spillovers into swine. To assess antigenic evolution, we compared the selected swine H1N1pdm09 strains against each other and to five human seasonal H1 vaccine strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ongoing circulation and reassortment resulted in viruses with variable virulence, shedding, and transmission kinetics. The H1N1pdm09 viruses retained antigenic similarities with the human vaccine strain of the same season of incursion but showed increasing antigenic distances with human seasonal H1N1 vaccine strains from other seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human seasonal H1N1 viruses are capable of replicating and transmitting in swine, and there is potential for these human-to-swine spillovers to reassort with endemic swine IAV. Controlling IAV at the human-swine interface has the benefit of reducing IAV burden in swine and subsequent zoonotic risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Australia During 2017–2019","authors":"Tanya Diefenbach-Elstob,&nbsp;Monique B. Chilver,&nbsp;Violeta Spirkoska,&nbsp;Kylie S. Carville,&nbsp;Clyde Dapat,&nbsp;Mark Turra,&nbsp;Thomas Tran,&nbsp;Yi-Mo Deng,&nbsp;Heidi Peck,&nbsp;Ian G. Barr,&nbsp;Nigel Stocks,&nbsp;Sheena G. Sullivan","doi":"10.1111/irv.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates provide important post-marketing assessment of how well seasonal influenza vaccines prevent medically attended influenza disease. We present VE estimates for primary care in Australia for the 2017–2019 seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study used a test-negative design. Influenza VE was estimated from adjusted logistic regression models comparing the odds of vaccination among influenza-test-positive cases and test-negative non-cases. Estimates were made overall and separately by influenza type, subtype, lineage and clade and stratified by age group. Antigenic similarity of influenza viruses to vaccine strains was assessed using the haemagglutination inhibition assay, and phylogenetic analysis was performed on sequenced viruses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 2879, 1973 and 3371 general practice patients with swabs collected during 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. Influenza A(H3N2) was predominant in 2017 and 2019, while influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominated in 2018. VE was estimated at 37% (95% CI 22, 48) for the 2017 season, 53% (95% CI 33, 67) for 2018 and 50% (95% CI 40, 58) for 2019. In general, estimates were higher against A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B viruses and lower against A(H3N2) viruses. Across the three seasons, antigenic data identified a greater proportion of A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B viruses than A(H3N2) viruses as antigenically similar to the cell-propagated reference viruses. VE estimates by clade generally indicated higher VE among viruses in the same clade as the vaccine viruses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza VE varied across influenza seasons and by influenza type/subtype. Given the ongoing evolution of circulating influenza viruses, vaccine improvements are needed, especially for influenza A(H3N2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of K-12 School District Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Community-Level Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"C. He,&nbsp;M. D. Goss,&nbsp;D. Norton,&nbsp;G. Chen,&nbsp;A. Uzicanin,&nbsp;J. L. Temte","doi":"10.1111/irv.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, kindergarten through 12th grade schools implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The effects of school-based NPIs on broader community levels of acute respiratory infection (ARI) have not been defined. We utilized an existing longitudinal cohort of households reporting weekly ARI cases to evaluate the effects of evolving school districtwide NPIs on ARI activity at eight transition points from December 2019 through October 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Household ARI data were reported through the GReat Oregon Child Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) Vaccine Effectiveness Study—a prospective cohort study based in the Oregon School District (OSD) (GROVES). Participating GROVES families completed weekly online surveys with respiratory illness updates. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between eight school-related transition events during the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the trajectory of ARI risk for GROVES family members, while accounting for family clusters. Transition events were assessed using a ±4-week window of community data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Opening schools with maximal NPIs (mandated masking and physical distancing, with hybrid education) was not associated with increased community ARI activity. The four transition events associated with significant ARI risk trajectory increases included summer breaks (June 2020, <i>p</i> = 0.001; June 2021, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and the start of school with mandatory masking only (September 2021, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) or without NPIs (September 2022, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>School-based NPI implementation was associated with reduced risks for community ARI activity. Enhanced surveillance platforms such as the weekly online surveys used in this study are valuable tools for better understanding and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory virus transmission in schools and surrounding communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Has the Disappearance of Influenza B/Yamagata Altered the Proportion of Influenza A and B Cases? Early Findings From Post-COVID Pandemic Global Surveillance Data","authors":"Marco Del Riccio,&nbsp;Jojanneke van Summeren,&nbsp;Saverio Caini,&nbsp;Koos van der Velden,&nbsp;Aura Timen","doi":"10.1111/irv.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We studied worldwide influenza surveillance data (2022–2024), particularly in 145 countries and 260 country-seasons: influenza A represented 77.2% of identified cases, rising from 72.5% prepandemic, with A-dominated seasons increasing from 84.6% to 92.3%. During the same period, B/Yamagata was not detected and uncharacterized B cases dropped from 21.0% to 7.5%, possibly reflecting improved surveillance efforts. These results highlight postpandemic changes in influenza circulation and have important implications for vaccine composition, virus monitoring, and global prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Ventilation on Respiratory Virus Transmission in College Residence Hall Cohorts: Potential for Causal Inference About Mode of Transmission","authors":"T. Louis Gold,&nbsp;Kathleen M. McPhaul,&nbsp;Huang Lin,&nbsp;Ryan Doughty,&nbsp;Irina Maljkovic Berry,&nbsp;Filbert Hong,&nbsp;Jianyu Lai,&nbsp;Todd J. Treangen,&nbsp;Jelena Srebric,&nbsp;Donald K. Milton","doi":"10.1111/irv.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic focused attention on airborne-inhalation transmission and building ventilation. However, investment in solutions lags because few epidemiologic studies demonstrate a causal effect of ventilation on acute respiratory infection (ARI) transmission. This highlights a need for improved study designs to support causal inference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the potential for causal inference, we analyzed prospective cohorts residing in a high-ventilation (HVent, ≥ 5 L/s per person) or a neighboring low-ventilation (LVent, &lt; 5 L/s per person) college residence hall during two spring semesters (2018 and 2019). Swab samples, analyzed using a PCR panel for respiratory pathogens, were collected based on self-reported symptoms and contacts. Our analysis focused on roommate pairs where both had been tested within a 2-week period. Roommate pairs with concordant positive PCR results were categorized as possible transmission events. We used genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to identify probable transmission clusters and events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed data from 368 cohort participants (82 HVent and 286 LVent), including 60 person-infections, with a trend toward 54% lower ARI risk among students living in HVent versus LVent residence halls. We identified 97 roommate pairs, 64 two-week intervals where both members were tested, 36 (2 HVent and 34 LVent) intervals with ≥ 1 infection, and four possible transmission events (all LVent). Sequence data available for two of the four events confirmed one probable transmission cluster and one probable transmission event.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future college dorm transmission studies should prioritize enrolling roommates rather than individuals, measuring ventilation, and confirming transmission events through whole genome sequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aetiological Fraction of Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Infants Aged < 1 Year Hospitalised With Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Medical Illness in South Africa, 2016–2018","authors":"Nicole Wolter,&nbsp;Cheryl Cohen,&nbsp;Anne von Gottberg,&nbsp;Stefano Tempia,&nbsp;Jocelyn Moyes,&nbsp;Claire von Mollendorf,&nbsp;Florette K. Treurnicht,&nbsp;Orienka Hellferscee,&nbsp;Kathleen Subramoney,&nbsp;Malefu Moleleki,&nbsp;Cayla Reddy,&nbsp;Lorens Maake,&nbsp;Mvuyo Makhasi,&nbsp;Neydis Baute,&nbsp;Sibongile Walaza","doi":"10.1111/irv.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the contribution of pathogens to respiratory illness in infants is important to guide interventions. We assessed the aetiology of respiratory pathogens among infants hospitalised with respiratory and non-respiratory illness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an unmatched case–control study among infants aged &lt; 1 year. Cases were admitted with acute respiratory and non-respiratory illness in November 2016–October 2018. Controls were infants presenting for immunisation with no reported illness. Nasopharyngeal aspirates and blood were tested using multi-pathogen real-time PCR. Aetiological fraction (AF) was calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for HIV, age, season and pathogens with higher prevalence in cases than controls. Factors associated with respiratory illness hospitalisation were assessed using logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 1214 cases (846 respiratory, 368 non-respiratory) and 684 controls were included. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (AF 94.0%), influenza (AF 72.6%) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (AF 74.9%) were significantly attributable to respiratory illness hospitalisation. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> had significant AF in both respiratory (AF 48.0%) and non-respiratory (AF 60.7%) hospitalisation. HIV exposure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.0) and living with HIV (aOR 6.6, 95%CI 2.1–20.5), underlying illness (aOR 4.8, 95%CI 1.3–17.6), malnutrition (aOR 6.0, 95%CI 4.0–8.9), infection with RSV (aOR 19.7, 95%CI 11.4–34.1), influenza (aOR 5.7, 95%CI 2.3–14.1) or HMPV (aOR 4.1, 95%CI 2.0–8.6) were associated with respiratory illness hospitalisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal immunisation to prevent severe RSV and influenza illness in infants should be prioritised. In addition, improved infant nutrition and the prevention of HIV-infection and HIV-exposure could reduce the high burden of severe respiratory illness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Evolution of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Seasonal Influenza A Viruses in Türkiye Between 2017 and 2023","authors":"M. Ekin Azbazdar,&nbsp;Mert Dikmenogullari,&nbsp;Zeynep Kavalci,&nbsp;Zeynep A. Koçer","doi":"10.1111/irv.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a major global health concern, causing up to 650,000 deaths annually. Over the past century, four influenza pandemics have occurred, with H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes becoming endemic in humans. The hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, essential for viral entry and a key vaccine target, contains critical antigenic sites. While antigenic drift enables immune evasion, certain substitutions can affect protein stability and intraprotein interactions, influencing viral fitness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study employed a Bayesian approach to investigate the phylogenetic origins of full-length HA genes from seasonal IAVs circulating in Izmir, Türkiye (2017–2023). Publicly available HA sequences from Türkiye were incorporated to assess selection pressures using four models available on Datamonkey and to examine antigenic mismatches between circulating viruses and vaccine strains. The structural impact of positively selected substitution was analyzed via molecular dynamics simulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phylogenetic analysis identified four and six subclades for H1N1 and H3N2, respectively, revealing cocirculation of genetically distinct strains within the same season. Both subtypes were under negative selection, but the N260D substitution in H1N1 was consistently detected under positive selection across all models. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that this substitution may influence intraprotein dynamics with the vestigial esterase domain, introducing a transient electrostatic bond. Furthermore, H3N2 exhibited more antigenic mismatches than H1N1, including a novel mismatch in 2022–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first comprehensive study documenting the genetic evolution of IAVs in Türkiye over 6 years. Regional surveillance of antigenic changes can improve vaccine strain selection and vaccination strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Hospital Mortality and Severe Respiratory and Renal Outcomes—A Territory-Wide Comparison Between RSV and Influenza","authors":"Wang Chun Kwok,&nbsp;Isaac Sze Him Leung,&nbsp;James Chung Man Ho,&nbsp;Chung Ki Tsui,&nbsp;David Chi Leung Lam,&nbsp;Mary Sau Man Ip,&nbsp;Kelvin Kai Wang To,&nbsp;Desmond Yat Hin Yap","doi":"10.1111/irv.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus are important respiratory viruses. Although RSV vaccines have been developed and recommended for patients aged ≥ 60, there is limited data on the clinical impact among the non-elderly population. It is also important to know the patient subgroups that are at risk of complications from RSV infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a territory-wide retrospective study on adults hospitalized for RSV or influenza virus infection between 1/1/2016 and 6/30/2023 in Hong Kong. The in-patient mortality, severe respiratory failure (SRF), secondary bacterial pneumonia, and acute kidney injury (AKI) were compared. Subgroup analyses were performed in different age groups. The risk factors for mortality and serious respiratory outcomes were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 41,206 and 3565 patients were hospitalized for influenza and RSV infections. Patients with RSV infection showed a significantly higher risk of in-patient mortality, SRF, secondary bacterial pneumonia, and AKI compared with those with influenza (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, for all), and the results were consistent for patients aged ≥ 60, &lt; 60, and 50–59. End-stage kidney disease requiring real replacement therapy was an independent risk factor for in-patient mortality and serious respiratory outcomes in RSV infection across different age groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, for all).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults hospitalized for RSV infection were associated with a significantly increased risk of in-patient mortality and adverse respiratory and kidney outcomes than those with influenza. The findings are consistent across various age groups, and the results call for an update on RSV vaccination recommendations in adults, especially for vulnerable subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Hospitalizations, Vaccine Uptake, Vaccination Guidelines, and Vaccine Availability in Six Middle-Income Countries and Areas in Europe, May 2022–April 2024","authors":"Erin Rachel Whitehouse,&nbsp;Paul Elish,&nbsp;Elona Kureta,&nbsp;Dragan Kochinski,&nbsp;Dragana Plavsa,&nbsp;Giorgi Chakhunashvili,&nbsp;Besfort Kryeziu,&nbsp;Sayragul Abdyldaeva,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Sanchez Ruiz,&nbsp;Sandra Cohuet,&nbsp;James Humphreys,&nbsp;Kujtim Mersini,&nbsp;Oksana Artemchuk,&nbsp;Maja Stosic,&nbsp;Olgha Tarkhan-Mouravi,&nbsp;Ariana Kalaveshi,&nbsp;Dinagul Otorbaeva,&nbsp;Kristina Stavridis,&nbsp;Silvia Bino,&nbsp;Marc-alain Widdowson,&nbsp;Eva Leidman,&nbsp;Iris Finci,&nbsp;Mark A. Katz","doi":"10.1111/irv.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Updated regional data on COVID-19 epidemiology and vaccination can inform vaccine policies and implementation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used surveillance data on patients hospitalized from the European SARI Vaccine Effectiveness (EuroSAVE) network to describe COVID-19 epidemiology and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in six middle-income countries and areas (CAs) in the WHO European region during 2022–2024. For SARI patients, we collected data on demographics, comorbidities, vaccination status, and hospital course, and a respiratory specimen, which was tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. In October 2024, we surveyed national public health institute staff on national COVID-19 vaccine guidelines and availability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of SARI patients, 833/3982 (20.9%) and 367/3752 (9.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during May 2022–April 2023 and May 2023–April 2024, respectively. Of COVID-19 patients, 857 (71.4%) were ≥60 years old and 713 (59.4%) had ≥1 comorbidity. A higher proportion of COVID-19 patients required mechanical ventilation (30 [8.2%] vs. 23 [2.8%], p &lt;0.001) and intensive care (70 [8.4%] vs. 48 [13.1%], p =0.016) during May 2023–April 2024 compared to May 2022–April 2023. COVID-19 vaccination in the last 12 months decreased from 25% in 2022–2023 to 3% in 2023–2024. Most CAs had not updated their COVID-19 vaccination guidelines to recommend annual vaccination, and only two had vaccines available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although COVID-19 was associated with severe disease among SARI patients, COVID-19 vaccination uptake was low among priority populations recommended for vaccination by WHO guidance. Continued efforts to understand reasons for low vaccine uptake and improve vaccine access will help protect those at greatest risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza Epidemiology in Finland During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Surveillance Data Analysis (2019–2024)","authors":"Ulrike Baum,&nbsp;Niina Ikonen,&nbsp;Oskari Luomala,&nbsp;Eero Poukka,&nbsp;Tuija Leino,&nbsp;Hanna Nohynek","doi":"10.1111/irv.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Finnish influenza surveillance system combines traditional virological surveillance and analyses of electronic health records. This paper describes the influenza epidemiology in Finland (population: 5.5 million) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic based on national surveillance data from 2019 to 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza incidence was evaluated based on three register-based outcomes: laboratory-confirmed infections, primary health care visits, and hospitalizations. Virus-type distributions were analyzed from respiratory specimens. In register-based analyses, vaccination coverage and vaccine effectiveness were assessed for the two cohorts universally included in the Finnish vaccination program: children aged ≤ 6 years and adults aged ≥ 65 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 2019/2020 influenza epidemic ended with the introduction of COVID-19 containment measures. In 2020/2021, influenza was largely absent. The 2021/2022 epidemic peaked exceptionally late. Influenza activity returned to prepandemic levels in 2022/2023. None of the 717 sentinel specimens tested positive for B/Yamagata. Although the percentage of vaccinated young children was constant (31% [100,387/323,614] to 37% [126,984/346,344]), the percentage of vaccinated elderly people increased from 48% (577,404/1,211,732) in 2019/2020 to 63% (787,771/1,255,644) in 2021/2022. The vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization due to laboratory-confirmed influenza in young children and elderly people was 68% (95% confidence interval: 38%; 83%) and 42% (34%; 50%) in 2022/2023, respectively, and slightly lower in 2023/2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic had two potentially lasting effects on influenza: elimination of the B/Yamagata lineage and improved vaccination coverage in the elderly population in Finland. To strengthen the Finnish influenza surveillance system, participation in sentinel surveillance must be improved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}