Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"The National Burden of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illness Across Levels of Severity in Egypt, 2016–2019","authors":"Manal Fahim,&nbsp;Ola Deghedy,&nbsp;Walaa Alim,&nbsp;Reham Kamel,&nbsp;Hossam Hassan,&nbsp;Amira Mohsen,&nbsp;Rania Attia,&nbsp;Hala Abou El Naja,&nbsp;Salma Afifi,&nbsp;Stefano Tempia,&nbsp;Amr Kandeel","doi":"10.1111/irv.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza burden (IB) estimates are crucial for monitoring disease trends, allocating limited resources, and promoting influenza vaccination. However, IB in Egypt is poorly understood. This study estimates the mean-seasonal IB in Egypt, across levels of severity by age and regions using sentinel surveillance data between 2016 and 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza surveillance was implemented among patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) at eight sentinel hospitals across Egypt. We estimated the influenza-associated SARI hospitalization in two governorates and then extrapolated nationally using the World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended methods. Thereafter, we estimated IB-associated mild/moderate illness and deaths using IB pyramid tool developed by WHO and the John Hopkins Center for Health Security. Rates were reported per 100,000 population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The estimated mean seasonal number of influenza-associated mild/moderate illness, hospitalized noncritically and critically ill patients, and deaths was 16,425,938 (95% CI: 1,150,888–40,409,614), 30,335 (95% CI: 9971–670,288), 9110 (95% CI: 580–16,321), and 2660 (95% CI: 154–9908), respectively. The highest rate of influenza-associated mild/moderate illness was among aged 5–14 year (22,932; 95% CI: 825–25,546.3), whereas the highest rates of severe influenza were among aged &gt; 65 years (hospitalizations: 159.4, 95% CI: 121.7–205.0; deaths: 56.0, 95% CI: 0.6–111.0). Children aged &lt; 5 years also experience high rates of influenza-associated hospitalization (52.0, 95% CI: 43.0–62.0).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The WHO method estimated a high burden of severe influenza among aged ≥ 65 and aged &lt; 5 years in Egypt. To reduce severe IB, increased influenza vaccine uptake together with enhanced immunization strategies implementations among the elderly and children are warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies for Treating COVID-19 Patients Infected With Omicron Variant: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","authors":"Kristy T. K. Lau,&nbsp;Xi Xiong,&nbsp;Carlos K. H. Wong,&nbsp;Ivan C. H. Au,&nbsp;Angel Y. C. Lui,&nbsp;Gavin Y. T. Tsai,&nbsp;Tingting Wu,&nbsp;Lanlan Li,&nbsp;Eric H. Y. Lau,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Cowling,&nbsp;Gabriel M. Leung","doi":"10.1111/irv.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antiviral drugs likely remain effective against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, while monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies have experienced drops in neutralizing ability. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to estimate the comparative effectiveness of antivirals and mAb therapies for treating COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron, capturing primarily acute outcomes. We searched multiple databases from July 4 to July 19, 2022, with updates through November 4, 2022. Studies comparing the effectiveness of antivirals or mAb to either nonuser controls or other treatments were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Data extraction and verification involved five independent researchers. Among 39 studies (727,893 individuals with COVID-19, including 38 nonrandomized trials), nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and sotrovimab were associated with lower risks of mortality (HR = 0.317, 95% credible intervals [CrI] = 0.144–0.678; HR = 0.176, 95%CrI = 0.052–0.527) and hospitalization (HR = 0.479, 95%CrI = 0.319–0.711; HR = 0.489, 95%CrI = 0.293–0.797) compared with nonuser controls. Remdesivir users were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (HR = 0.367, 95%CrI = 0.147–0.868) but not mortality. Molnupiravir and bebtelovimab showed no significant benefits for these outcomes. In conclusion, among individuals infected with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave, mortality risk was lower with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or sotrovimab use, whereas hospitalization was reduced with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, or sotrovimab. Sotrovimab and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were effective against Omicron B.1.1.529/BA.1 and BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 subvariants, respectively. A key limitation is that findings rely on data from the last search and may be impacted by potential changes in mortality risk due to immune evasion by emerging variants, highlighting the need for ongoing randomized trials across variants and populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42022351508.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and Safety of AS03-Adjuvanted H7N9 Influenza Vaccine in Adults (18–64 and ≥65 Years): A Phase 1/2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial","authors":"Andrew Hastie,&nbsp;Tanya Clarke,&nbsp;Sophie Germain,&nbsp;Thierry Ollinger,&nbsp;Patricia Lese,&nbsp;Vinay Gupta","doi":"10.1111/irv.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (H7N9) virus poses a pandemic risk owing to its evolving nature. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an AS03-adjuvanted H7N9 vaccine in adults (18–64 years [younger] and ≥65 years [older]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (younger, <i>n</i> = 418; older, <i>n</i> = 420) were randomized to receive one of six adjuvanted vaccines (hemagglutinin [1.9 μg, 3.75 μg, and 7.5 μg] with AS03_A or AS03_B) or placebo. The co-primary objectives were to determine whether the adjuvanted vaccines elicit an immune response against the vaccine-homologous virus 21 days after the second vaccine dose and to evaluate the safety of the vaccines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>H7N9 AS03-adjuvanted vaccines at various doses showed a humoral immune response but failed to meet CBER immunogenicity criteria. However, a trend of increased immune responses was observed with the AS03_A adjuvant versus the AS03_B adjuvant, particularly in older adults. In both age groups, injection site pain and fatigue occurred more frequently with adjuvanted vaccines. No reported serious adverse events were vaccine-related.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study did not achieve its primary objective at any dose level. The modest immune response to AS03-adjuvanted vaccines, consistent with other studies using similar antigens, highlights the need for continued research for H7N9 pandemic preparedness.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> NCT04789577 [ClinicalTrials.gov]</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Therapeutics in the Fight Against EV-D68: A Review of Current Strategies","authors":"Nida Kalam,&nbsp;Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.1111/irv.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) was first identified in 1962 in pediatric patients with acute respiratory conditions in California, USA (US). From the 1970s to 2005, EV-D68 was underestimated due to limited data and serotyping methods. In 2014, the United States experienced outbreaks of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children EV-D68 positive. WIN-like compounds (pleconaril, pocapavir, and vapendavir) bind to the virus capsid and have been tested against various enteroviruses (EVs) in clinical trials. However, these compounds encountered issues with resistance and adverse effects, which impeded their approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Presently, the medical field lacks FDA-approved antiviral treatments or vaccines for EV-D68. Ongoing research efforts are dedicated to identifying viable therapeutics to address EV-D68 infections. This review explores the current advancements in antiviral therapies and potential therapeutics to mitigate the significant impact of EV-D68 infection control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Healthcare Workers: A Longitudinal Study in North-Eastern Italy","authors":"Valentina Rosolen,&nbsp;Diana Menis,&nbsp;Luigi Castriotta,&nbsp;Fabio Barbone,&nbsp;Francesca Larese Filon","doi":"10.1111/irv.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the pandemic, a surveillance program to monitor COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers was established in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (FVG), Italy. The aim of our study was to measure the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection among nursing home employees by job title.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2023, a retrospective population-based longitudinal study was conducted in 8880 nursing home employees. For each employee, all swabs up to the first positive result (<i>n</i> = 211.534) were considered. The study period was divided in six phases based on epidemic waves. Generalized estimated equations method for longitudinal binary data was applied with a time lag of a month, in each phase, obtaining an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence limit (95% CI) for each job category.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Phase 1 (1.3.2020–30.6.2020), compared with administrative assistants, jobs with high patient contact were at increased risk of infection: The OR and 95% CI were 3.52 (1.44–8.56) and 2.96 (1.15–7.66) in healthcare elementary occupation and physicians/nurses, respectively. Corresponding associations in Phase 2 (1.7.2020–31.1.2021) were 1.54 (1.18–2.02) and 1.41 (1.04–1.91). On the contrary, in Phase 6 (20.12.2021–31.3.2023) physicians/nurses were at a decreased risk (0.73 [0.58–0.91]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In nursing homes, the risk of COVID-19 infection varied by job title and pandemic phase. Virus higher infectivity, probability of closer contact, and better adherence to infection prevention control may explain part of these differences. Stronger nursing home–specific surveillance in patients and employees should be extended worldwide to control this high global burden of disease communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRI) in Rural Bangladeshi Children Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Megan E. Reller,&nbsp;Kayur Mehta,&nbsp;Eric D. McCollum,&nbsp;Salahuddin Ahmed,&nbsp;Jack Anderson,&nbsp;Arunangshu D. Roy,&nbsp;Nabidul Haque Chowdhury,&nbsp;Samir Saha,&nbsp;Lawrence H. Moulton,&nbsp;Mathuram Santosham,&nbsp;Abdullah H. Baqui","doi":"10.1111/irv.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remain the leading infectious cause of death among children &lt; 5 years, with viruses contributing to a large proportion of cases. Little is known about the epidemiology and etiology of viral ALRI in rural Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 3- to 23-month-old children with ALRIs attending a subdistrict hospital outpatient clinic in Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Trained study physicians ascertained the cases and obtained nasopharyngeal swabs to detect 19 respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR using the Luminex Integrated System NxTAG Respiratory pathogen panel.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between August 2016 and September 2017, we enrolled 1477 children. Median age was 10 months; 58.1% were male. Forty-seven percent presented during autumn (mid-June to mid-October). About a third had temperature ≥ 101°F, 95.4% had cough in the previous 3 days, 72.0% had fast breathing, and 80.0% had chest indrawing. Alveolar consolidation occurred in 23.9%, and 4.4% were hypoxemic (saturation &lt; 90% on room air). Nineteen percent required hospitalization; 79.1% of them were discharged within 48 h. A respiratory virus was identified in 81.8%, majority (75.8%) with single virus isolation. Rhinoenterovirus was most commonly identified (HRV/HEV, 37.9%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 20.2%) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 11.7%). Rhinoenterovirus was detected year-round; RSV was detected during August–November and hMPV during December–March.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory viruses were identified in a majority (82%) of children under 2 years of age presenting with ALRI in rural hospitals of Bangladesh. These findings have implications for future study and potentially for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, vaccine program planning, and policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Singapore's COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Programme: Strategies and Insights From a Pandemic Year","authors":"Hao Yi Tan,&nbsp;Nur Huda Khamis,&nbsp;Alvin Goh,&nbsp;Tania K. L. Mah,&nbsp;Benny Yeo,&nbsp;Jie Yin Ngan,&nbsp;Yichen Ding,&nbsp;Cui Lin,&nbsp;Sae-Rom Chae,&nbsp;Phoebe Lee,&nbsp;Zheng Jie Marc Ho","doi":"10.1111/irv.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, genomic surveillance was crucial for monitoring virus spread and identifying variants. Effective surveillance helped understand transmission dynamics. Singapore had success in combating COVID-19 through its surveillance programmes. This paper outlines Singapore's strategy and its impact on public health during the transition to endemicity over 54 weeks from February 2022 to February 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In May 2022, Singapore expanded its acute respiratory infections (ARI) surveillance to enhance COVID-19 detection. COVID-19–positive samples from ARI cases were sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for whole genome sequencing (WGS). WGS data informed public health actions based on transmission origins and case severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over 54 weeks, NPHL sequenced 18,918 (73%) samples. Analysis showed 29% imported and 71% local cases. Severe cases accounted for 12% and were mostly elderly, specifically those aged 80 years old and above. Variant analysis identified 11 predominant variants and 288 subvariants. Omicron BA.2, BA.5 and XBB were initially dominant, followed by increased variant heterogeneity. Severe cases mirrored these trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genomic surveillance was integral in Singapore's COVID-19 response, guiding timely public health decisions. Effective variant tracking supported proactive measures. The experience underscores the importance of genomic surveillance for future pandemic preparedness and emerging disease detection, emphasising its role in shaping pandemic responses and global health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalisations Epidemiology After Nirsevimab Introduction in Lyon, France","authors":"Cécile Chauvel,&nbsp;Côme Horvat,&nbsp;Etienne Javouhey,&nbsp;Yves Gillet,&nbsp;Juliette Hassenboehler,&nbsp;Claire Nour Abou Chakra,&nbsp;Corinne Ragouilliaux,&nbsp;Franck Plaisant,&nbsp;Dominique Ploin,&nbsp;Marine Butin,&nbsp;Jean-Sebastien Casalegno,&nbsp;Marta C. Nunes","doi":"10.1111/irv.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major health concern, particularly for infants. In France, Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody to prevent RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was available from September 2023. We described RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations during the 2023–2024 season among infants younger than six months born at the Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and evaluated the effectiveness of Nirsevimab against RSV-LRTI hospitalisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This observational study included infants born and hospitalised at the HCL during the 2023–2024 season, along with pre-COVID-19 and 2022–2023 seasons. Information on Nirsevimab immunisation status, clinical and perinatal variables were collected through routine care. Infants' characteristics and incidence rate of hospitalisation per 100 births during 2023–2024 were compared with the historical periods overall and by delay between birth and the onset of the RSV season. Nirsevimab effectiveness was computed by the screening method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the 2023–2024 season, 83 infants younger than six months were hospitalised with an RSV-associated LRTI. Compared with the historical periods (640 pre-COVID-19 and 123 in 2022–2023), these infants were older. Incidence rate for infants born during the period when immunisation was available were lower than the previous seasons; incidence rate ratios were 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33; 0.62) in 2023–2024 compared with pre-COVID-19 period and 0.53 (95%CI: 0.36; 0.77) compared with 2022–2023 season. Nirsevimab effectiveness was 78.3% (95%CI: 55.9; 89.5) with a coverage of 79.3% in the two main HCL maternities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High Nirsevimab coverage and effectiveness were estimated in a real-world setting. A change in the age distribution of RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations in 2023–2024 was noted compared with historical seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Influenza Vaccines in Prevention of Influenza Hospitalization During the 2022–2023 Season Among Adults 18–64 Years","authors":"Emily Rayens,&nbsp;Jennifer H. Ku,&nbsp;Lina S. Sy,&nbsp;Lei Qian,&nbsp;Bradley K. Ackerson,&nbsp;Yi Luo,&nbsp;Julia E. Tubert,&nbsp;Gina S. Lee,&nbsp;Punam P. Modha,&nbsp;Yoonyoung Park,&nbsp;Tianyu Sun,&nbsp;Evan J. Anderson,&nbsp;Hung Fu Tseng","doi":"10.1111/irv.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated the comparative vaccine effectiveness (cVE) of licensed standard-dose cell-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines in preventing influenza hospitalization among adults 18–64 years during the 2022–2023 season. The cohort included eligible Kaiser Permanente Southern California members who received ≥ 1 dose of influenza vaccine (<i>n</i> = 848,334). The adjusted cVE against influenza hospitalization was −10.1% (95% CI: −49.8%, 37.8%) in the 18- to 49-year-old cohort. In the 50- to 64-year-old cohort, the adjusted cVE was 14.9% (−33.8%, 52.1%). Cell-based and egg-based influenza vaccines conferred comparable protection against influenza hospitalization in adults 18–64 years of age in the 2022–2023 season.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Arrival Pathway for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 to Oceania","authors":"Pablo Plaza,&nbsp;Andrea Santangeli,&nbsp;Tommaso Cancellario,&nbsp;Sergio Lambertucci","doi":"10.1111/irv.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70055","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In late 2020, the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) (hereafter, H5N1) fired the most severe panzootic ever recorded, causing alarming mortalities in wildlife and domestic animals, with an increasing risk to humans [&lt;span&gt;1-4&lt;/span&gt;]. Almost the entire world has been affected by H5N1; the virus has expanded to new regions such as the Americas and Antarctica for the first time in its evolutionary history [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. However, no cases of H5N1 have been detected in Oceania to date [&lt;span&gt;5, 6&lt;/span&gt;] (only one human case infected outside this continent has been reported [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]). Regions not affected by this virus are of epidemiological importance, as they provide insights about potential limiting factors for its spread (e.g., geographic barriers, environmental features, wild species traits and movement). Moreover, in those areas, there is still time to prepare efficient preventive and mitigation actions to reduce the impact of this pathogen, if we can identify potential pathways of virus arrival. Here, leveraging range maps of suitable host bird species, we suggest a potential pathway of H5N1 arrival to the Oceania region that could be important to consider under the current epidemiological behavior of this virus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To assess possible pathways of H5N1 arrival to Oceania (specifically, Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania for this article), we performed a map of risk based on wild bird species already reported as infected by the virus anywhere in the world. These species could be considered suitable hosts of the virus. We integrated a list of H5N1-infected wild bird species reported in the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) database up to April 2024 [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] and Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research up to November 2024 (SCAR) [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;], with species distributions primarily based on habitat maps (AOH) [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;] and, when these were lacking, bird ranges provided by BirdLife International [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. We removed records in which infected individuals were not identified at the species level and cases where individuals were kept in captivity. We obtained 345 unique wild bird species found infected by H5N1. To map the risk of H5N1 infection (i.e., areas where species reported as infected are distributed), we used the Additive Benefit Function (ABF) in Zonation v.5 [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our risk map shows that Oceania presents a low risk compared with other regions, because it still does not host many species already reported as infected in the rest of the world (Figure 1A). However, more than 50 species that live in Oceania have already been infected in other regions (Table S1). Many of those species overlap their distributions in most of the coast of Australia and New Zealand, making this region of high risk (Figure 1B). Some key susceptible species reported infected in other regions (e.g., Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands) such as Brown skuas (&lt;i&gt;Stercorarius antarcticus&lt;/i","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}