Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

{"title":"Two-Year Pathogen Dynamics, Coinfection Features, and Core Risk Factors Associated With Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Hangzhou, China","authors":"Chao Song,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Xinfeng Zhao,&nbsp;Cuiying Ye,&nbsp;Shu Teng,&nbsp;Yidong Wu","doi":"10.1111/irv.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) remain a major public health burden in children globally. Nevertheless, regional data regarding postpandemic pathogen shifts, coinfection profiles, and risk factors associated with severe pediatric ARTI in Hangzhou, China, remain scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective observational study was conducted on 6701 hospitalized pediatric patients (0–18 years) with ARTI in Hangzhou, China, from July 2023 to June 2025. Eleven respiratory pathogens were detected using fluorescence PCR-capillary electrophoresis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, alongside three machine learning models, were employed to identify risk factors. Age-stratified and coinfection analyses were also performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rhinovirus (RV), <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> (Mp), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were the most prevalent pathogens. The coinfection network was centered on RV, Mp, and adenovirus, with RV-Mp being the most common dual infection. Mixed infections were associated with severe illness (4.3% vs. 3.5% in single infections vs. 1.6% in pathogen-negative cases). Mp, bocavirus (Boca), and RV infections, along with reduced percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils, were independent risk factors associated with severe illness, whereas older age was a protective factor. Logistic regression demonstrated the best predictive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study elucidates the dynamics of pediatric ARTI pathogens and coinfection characteristics 2 years postpandemic in Hangzhou, China. It identifies key risk factors associated with severe pediatric ARTI, providing essential evidence to inform age-specific clinical prevention, targeted interventions, and public health strategies for pediatric ARTI in the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterovirus D68 Detected in Hospitalized Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Zambia","authors":"Idah Mweene Ndumba,&nbsp;Michiko Okamoto,&nbsp;Paul Simusika,&nbsp;Takeaki Imamura,&nbsp;Mwaka Monze,&nbsp;Mayuko Saito,&nbsp;Hitoshi Oshitani","doi":"10.1111/irv.70305","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70305","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a cause of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and is associated with acute flaccid paralysis. However, data on EV-D68 in Africa, where SARI remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children, remain limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis to detect EV-D68 in archived samples collected from hospitalized children with SARI in Zambia from 2018 to 2020. We identified eight positive samples in 2020, and genetic sequence analysis showed that all sequences belonged to subclade A2. Continuous monitoring is crucial to enhance understanding of the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of EV-D68 in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148706382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines and Duration of Protection Against Hospitalisation During the 2024/25 Season in Northern Ireland, UK","authors":"Magda Bucholc,&nbsp;Siobhán Murphy,&nbsp;Mark G. O'Doherty,&nbsp;Suzanne Wilton,&nbsp;Emma Dickson,&nbsp;Declan T. Bradley","doi":"10.1111/irv.70303","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70303","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and hospitalisation each year. We estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalisation among patients in Northern Ireland (NI) during the 2024/25 influenza season.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a test-negative design to estimate VE against hospitalisation. Influenza-positive cases and test-negative controls were identified through the national laboratory surveillance system and linked to hospital admission and vaccination records. VE was estimated by influenza type/subtype, age group, sex, vaccine type and time since vaccination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 15,133 hospitalised patients, 2024 (13.4%) tested positive for influenza. Among the 2024 patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed influenza, the vast majority tested positive for influenza A (<i>n</i> = 1803; 89.1%), whereas 221 cases (10.9%) were influenza B. Subtyping of influenza A identified 606 A(H1) infections and 93 A(H3) infections; the remaining 1104 influenza A samples were not subtyped. VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza infection was 46.0% (95% CI: 39.7% to 51.8%), with higher VE in children aged 2–17 years (60.8%; 95% CI: 48.3% to 70.5%) than in adults aged 18–64 years (40.5%; 95% CI: 24.9% to 53.2%) and ≥ 65 years (42.3%; 95% CI: 33.2% to 50.1%). VE against influenza A across all ages was 41.4% (95% CI: 34.2% to 47.9%). Vaccination reduced the odds of hospitalisation due to influenza A(H1) by 44.3% (95% CI: 33.2% to 53.7%) and A(H3) by 49.9% (95% CI: 20.3% to 69.3%). VE against influenza B was higher at 76.4% (95% CI: 64.9% to 84.7%). For influenza A, VE was highest 2–8 weeks after vaccination at 51.9% (95% CI: 42.1% to 60.1%) and declined with time since vaccination to 44.6% (95% CI: 35.6% to 52.5%) at 9–16 weeks and 41.4% (95% CI: 15.4% to 60.1%) at ≥ 16 weeks. VE against influenza B remained high throughout the season. No statistically significant differences in VE by vaccine type were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalisation with laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2024/25 season, offering meaningful protection at individual and population levels, with the greatest benefit observed in children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results From the Third and Fourth WHO External Quality Assessments for the Molecular Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus","authors":"Fernando do Couto Motta,&nbsp;Obadiah Kenji,&nbsp;Ian Barr,&nbsp;Shabana Bi,&nbsp;Anne von Gottberg,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Heraud,&nbsp;Siddhi Hirve,&nbsp;Sanjiv Rughooputh,&nbsp;Nicole Wolter,&nbsp;Maria Zambon,&nbsp;Thomas C. Williams,&nbsp;Wenqing Zhang","doi":"10.1111/irv.70302","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) initiated the global RSV surveillance programme, which aimed to strengthen laboratory diagnostic capacity and evaluate molecular detection test performance. External quality assessments (EQAs) are conducted regularly as part of this programme to ensure ongoing laboratory proficiency. The third (2021–2022) and the fourth (2023–2024) WHO RSV EQAs were conducted to evaluate the ability of participating laboratories to accurately detect and subtype RSV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For each EQA panel, 12 lyophilised RSV isolates were prepared using both recently circulating and RSV strains used in previous EQAs. The isolates were shipped to 81 and 85 laboratories in the third and fourth EQA, respectively. Participants tested the specimens using their routine molecular diagnostic protocols and reported the results through the UK NEQAS online platform. Performance was evaluated based on detection and subtyping accuracy, and a scoring system was used that ranged from <i>good performance</i> (24/24 correct results) to <i>unacceptable</i> (≤ 16 correct results).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 73 (90.1%) and 74 (87.1%) laboratories returned results for the third and fourth RSV molecular EQAs, respectively. In the third EQA, 69.9% of laboratories were classified as good, 15.1% as acceptable and 1.4% as satisfactory, resulting in 86.3% within the desirable range; 12.3% were unacceptable and 1.4% poor. In the fourth EQA, 60.8% were good, 28.4% acceptable and 2.7% satisfactory, with 91.9% in the desirable range; 8.1% were unacceptable, and none were poor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The third and fourth WHO RSV EQA demonstrated good overall laboratory performance for RSV molecular detection and subtyping. These findings highlight the importance of EQA to document high-quality diagnostics, especially with the introduction of RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Ongoing EQAs, including the first WHO RSV sequencing EQA initiated in 2024, will further enhance global laboratory capacity for RSV surveillance and outbreak response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13429278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Targeted at COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza Burden—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Laura-Inés Böhler,&nbsp;Lisa Koeppel,&nbsp;Stefan Fabian Weber,&nbsp;Mary Gaeddert,&nbsp;Katharina Thielemann,&nbsp;Kerstin Glaser,&nbsp;Horeya M. Ismail,&nbsp;Ulrich Reinacher,&nbsp;Veronika K. Jaeger,&nbsp;Julia Böhnke,&nbsp;Antonia Bartz,&nbsp;Maja Pavic,&nbsp;Manuela Harries,&nbsp;Christina Kuczewski,&nbsp;Torben Heinsohn,&nbsp;Olga Hovardovska,&nbsp;Sin-Yin Huei,&nbsp;Chao Xu,&nbsp;Cornelia Gottschick,&nbsp;Seba Contreras,&nbsp;Maciej Filinski,&nbsp;Maurizio Grilli,&nbsp;Berit Lange,&nbsp;RESPINOW Study Group,&nbsp;Claudia M. Denkinger","doi":"10.1111/irv.70301","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seasonal influenza imposes a substantial global health burden. The COVID-19 pandemic, accompanied by widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), profoundly disrupted respiratory virus circulation, offering a unique opportunity to assess their broader epidemiological impact. This study aimed to quantify changes in influenza burden between the pre-pandemic and intra-pandemic periods. Within the RESPINOW project, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting absolute influenza case counts before and during the pandemic were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using a modified NHLBI tool for before–after studies. Influenza cases were normalized by reporting period length, and relative changes were estimated using incidence rate ratios. Subgroup analyses explored age, setting, hemisphere, human development index, influenza transmission zones, WHO regions, and viral strains. Of 20,676 screened records, 115 studies from 98 countries were included. Globally, influenza incidence declined by −92% (95% CI: −94 to −90) following the onset of the pandemic. Reductions varied geographically, ranging from near-elimination in several countries to more modest declines (e.g., South Korea: −61%, 95% CI: −79 to −26). Decreases were observed across all transmission zones and WHO regions, with descriptively larger reductions observed in high-income countries (−96%, 95% CI: −98 to −94) than in low-income settings (−82%, 95% CI: −88 to −73). Age-specific declines appeared smaller among young children (&lt; 6 years: −66%, 95% CI: −79 to −45) compared with adults aged 18–64 years (−80%, 95% CI: −90 to −63). Influenza A appeared to decline more strongly than influenza B. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an unprecedented global reduction in influenza incidence. Data limitations and the need for robust epidemiological indicators highlight the importance of strengthened, integrated global surveillance to inform future pandemic responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ABO Blood System on Immunogenicity and Vaccine Efficacy of COVID-19 Booster Vaccination—A Population-Based Study of 3066 Individuals","authors":"Daniela Sieghart,&nbsp;Galateja Jordakieva,&nbsp;Caroline Dürrschmid,&nbsp;Claudia A. Hana,&nbsp;Lan Vi Tran,&nbsp;Leonhard X. Heinz,&nbsp;Helmuth Haslacher,&nbsp;Markus Zlesak,&nbsp;Valentin Marzoner,&nbsp;Philip Nasztl,&nbsp;Giulia Piccini,&nbsp;Alessandro Manenti,&nbsp;Emanuele Montomoli,&nbsp;Anselm Jorda,&nbsp;Clemens Fedrizzi,&nbsp;Timothy Hasenoehrl,&nbsp;Andrej Zdravkovic,&nbsp;Karolina Anderle,&nbsp;Ursula Wiedermann,&nbsp;Susanne Drapalik,&nbsp;Helmut Steinbrecher,&nbsp;Felix Bergmann,&nbsp;Christa Firbas,&nbsp;Barbara Wagner,&nbsp;Margherita Leonardi,&nbsp;Giulio Pierleoni,&nbsp;Matilde Ballini,&nbsp;Linda Benincasa,&nbsp;Serena Marchi,&nbsp;Claudia Maria Trombetta,&nbsp;Thomas Perkmann,&nbsp;Richard Crevenna,&nbsp;Markus Zeitlinger,&nbsp;Michael Bonelli,&nbsp;Daniel Aletaha,&nbsp;Helga Radner","doi":"10.1111/irv.70300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70300","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ABO blood group has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Little data exist regarding the impact of ABO and Rhesus (Rh[D]) type on breakthrough infections and antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This multicenter, population-based cohort study includes individuals ≥ 18 years who received a booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (WT) virus and Omicron variant were assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks and after 6 months. At 6 months follow-up, self-reported ABO and Rh(D) type, time to, and severity of breakthrough infections were collected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 3066 participants (mean age 49 [35–59], 62% female) were included in multivariable regression models, showing no association of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and Omicron variant with ABO or Rh(D) 4 weeks after booster vaccination. Time-dependent Cox regression analysis showed significantly lower rates of breakthrough infections in patients with AB (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67 [0.50–0.90]; <i>p</i> = 0.008) compared to O, even after adjustment for relevant covariates and a trend for blood group B (HR 0.82 [0.66–1.01]; <i>p</i> = 0.06) compared to O; there were no associations between Rh(D) and breakthrough infection rates or between observed (asymptomatic to moderate) COVID-19 symptom severity and ABO or Rh(D) blood group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ABO or Rh(D) blood group was not associated with COVID-19 severity or antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Breakthrough infections were least common in blood groups AB and B. Although our data do not support previously discussed protective effects of anti-A/B/Rh(D) agglutinins, differences in ABO group appear relevant for Omicron transmission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of E190D and Q226H Mutations in HA to the Receptor-Binding Profile of D1.1 Genotype H5N1 Viruses","authors":"Yang Fang,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Shumei Zou,&nbsp;Liqi Liu,&nbsp;Wenfei Zhu,&nbsp;Dayan Wang","doi":"10.1111/irv.70298","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 2024 human HPAI H5N1 case in British Columbia showed mixed viral populations containing HA-190D (28%) and HA-226H (35%) variants in tracheal aspirate sequencing. In this study, solid-phase binding assay and molecular docking were used to evaluate the contribution of HA-E190D/Q226H mutations to the viral receptor profiles. Our results showed that HA-E190D marginally reduced sialic acid α2,3 receptors' affinity, while HA-Q226H impaired both sialic acid α2,3 and α2,6 receptors' binding. These results demonstrate that neither mutation strengthens viral binding to human-type receptors, indicating that such substitutions are unlikely to heighten the public health threat posed by the virus for now.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus Exposure Using Paired Sera Among Occupational Contacts in Taiwan, January–September 2025","authors":"Chieh-Yu Lin,&nbsp;Tsung-Pei Tsou,&nbsp;Po-Wei Chu,&nbsp;Shu-Er Yang,&nbsp;I-Ling Yu,&nbsp;Yao-Tsun Li,&nbsp;Ming-Tsan Liu,&nbsp;Yi-Chien Chih","doi":"10.1111/irv.70297","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2025, Taiwan implemented paired sera surveillance among occupational contacts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Of 122 contacts analyzed, 117 (95.9%) remained asymptomatic with high personal protective equipment compliance (91.8%). No seroconversion was detected against AIV A(H5N2) clade 2.3.4.4b. These findings suggest a low risk of human infection despite persistent poultry outbreaks, provide timely serological evidence during the ongoing outbreak, and demonstrate the effectiveness of Taiwan's integrated human-animal surveillance in early risk characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antigenic Variation and Immune Recognition Inference From the COVID-19 Pandemic: An In Silico Comparative Analysis of Spike T Cell Epitopes From the SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern","authors":"Katherine L. Li,&nbsp;Paul Sandstrom,&nbsp;Hezhao Ji","doi":"10.1111/irv.70286","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With increased transmission but reduced disease severity, the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants have contributed to the multifaceted transition of COVID-19 from a global pandemic to an endemic disease. Nonetheless, the persistence of hypermutable viral variants and their ability to infect both vaccinated and previously infected individuals raise concerns about continued viral evolution and immune evasion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study employs comprehensive in silico analyses to compare the five former variants of concern (VOCs) to elucidate their T cell antigenic variations in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) recognition and binding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II epitope predictions suggest that the Omicron BA.1 variant harbors more putative epitopes than other VOCs (2.0–11.0 times more). Moreover, the distribution of predicted MHC-II epitopes across HLA alleles differs substantially, with Omicron displaying significant differences from at least three VOCs in all analyses. Investigation of HLA-epitope binding affinities indicates that Omicron epitopes often exhibit enhanced HLA binding compared with the Wuhan Reference (57.8%, 81.8%, and 60.0% of MHC-I, MHC-II regular, and MHC-II promiscuous pairs, respectively), which could influence immune responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings reveal marked differences in the putative epitope profiles of Omicron BA.1 and the Wuhan Reference, as well as other pre-Omicron VOCs, highlighting its altered HLA recognition status. Given the continued transmission and emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages, this study highlights the importance of ongoing research to understand the evolutionary dynamics of high-risk SARS-CoV-2 variants, their host immune system interactions, and the downstream implications in vaccine and therapeutic development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, Complications, and Quality of Life in Adults ≥ 60 Years Old With Laboratory-Confirmed RSV Infections Attended in Primary Care and in Hospitals: A Study Over Three Seasons in Valladolid, Spain","authors":"Iván Sanz-Muñoz,&nbsp;Raquel Iglesia-Aparicio,&nbsp;Celia López-Gonzalo,&nbsp;Marina Toquero-Asensio,&nbsp;Alejandro Martín-Toribio,&nbsp;Javier Sánchez-Martínez,&nbsp;Carla Rodríguez-Crespo,&nbsp;Irene Arroyo-Hernantes,&nbsp;Silvia Galindo-Carretero,&nbsp;Leticia Sierra-Martínez,&nbsp;José Francisco Pérez-Pertejo,&nbsp;Gregoria Núñez-Villareal,&nbsp;Raquel Rodríguez-García,&nbsp;Rosario Fernández-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Oscar Hugo Martín-Del Barco,&nbsp;Ana María Fernández-Herrero,&nbsp;Inmaculada Alarcia-Santana,&nbsp;Alicia Gómez-Muñoz,&nbsp;Cristina Alonso-Estomba,&nbsp;Ana Asenjo-Martín,&nbsp;Gemma Renedo-Velasco,&nbsp;Marta Moral-Blanco,&nbsp;José Gabriel Muñoz-Hernández,&nbsp;Oscar Vega-Hernández,&nbsp;Myriam Rodríguez-Calleja,&nbsp;María del Mar Gonzalo-Fernandez,&nbsp;Rachel Melanie Reeves,&nbsp;Abda Mahmood,&nbsp;Lucia Izquierdo-Díaz,&nbsp;Elisa Turriani,&nbsp;Virginia Fernández-Espinilla,&nbsp;Cristina Hernán-García,&nbsp;Javier Castrodeza-Sanz,&nbsp;Virginia Cerpa-Almenara,&nbsp;Javier Gutiérrez-Ballesteros,&nbsp;Laura Iotti,&nbsp;Marta Domínguez-Gil,&nbsp;Silvia Rojo-Rello,&nbsp;José María Eiros","doi":"10.1111/irv.70295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70295","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in adults ≥ 60 years significantly affects health, particularly in those with comorbidities. Despite evidence on disease burden, data on quality of life (QoL) and complications after infection remain scarce. This study describes the incidence and prevalence of laboratory-confirmed RSV infections over three consecutive seasons, as well as related complications and QoL in primary care and hospitalized patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a prospective observational study during the 2022–2023, 2023–2024, and 2024–2025 seasons in three primary care centers and two hospitals in Valladolid, Spain. Patients ≥ 60 years with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and laboratory-confirmed RSV were included. Follow-up was performed at 90 days to assess complications and at 30 days to evaluate QoL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 973 primary care patients, 477 were tested and 113 (23.9%) were RSV-positive. In hospitals, 956 cases were screened and 172 included. RSV incidence in primary care was 8.4, 34.9, and 29.2/1000 inhabitants for the three respective seasons. The most frequent complications were new ARI (23.0%) in primary care and viral/bacterial co-infection (31.4%) in hospitalized patients. Hospitalization occurred in 7.1% of primary care cases, 15.1% of inpatients were readmitted, 4.7% admitted to ICU, and 3.5% died. Worsening of prior conditions occurred in 81.6% with COPD, 67.7% with asthma, and 31.1% with cardiac disease. QoL was impaired in &gt; 50% during the acute phase, improving by 30 days but persisting in &gt; 30%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RSV infection in adults ≥ 60 years carries a considerable burden, with frequent co-infections, disease decompensation, and sustained QoL impairment despite partial recovery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}