SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Role of the UNFCCC Regime in Ensuring Effective Adaptation in Developing Countries: Lessons from Bangladesh","authors":"Meinhard Doelle, Steven Evans, T. Puthucherril","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2417944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2417944","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a general overview of the UNFCCCs approach to adaptation, and then conducts a case study of adaptation efforts in Bangladesh. Based on the results of the case study and drawing on existing literature, the paper considers to what extent the current approach under the UNFCCC is likely to be effective, and how UNFCCC adaptation efforts might be strengthened.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124002356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in MENA Countries: Evidence from Simultaneous Equations Models","authors":"Anis Omri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2643733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2643733","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the nexus between CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth using simultaneous-equations models with panel data of 14 MENA countries over the period 1990-2011. Our empirical results show that there exists bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. However, the results support the occurrence of unidirectional causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions without any feedback effects, and there exists bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions for the region as a whole. The study suggests that environmental and energy policies should recognize the differences in the nexus between energy consumption and economic growth in order to maintain sustainable economic growth in MENA region.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114676600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capital-Labor-Energy Substitution in Nested Ces Production Functions for China","authors":"Keting Shen, J. Whalley","doi":"10.3386/W19104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W19104","url":null,"abstract":"In the CGE based policy modeling literature, especially recent literature on policy modeling for global climate change, nested CES production functions over multiple inputs have been widely used. Although lack of reliable estimates of substitution elasticities for nested structures has been acknowledged for a long time, the problem has not yet been solved satisfactorily. This is especially the situation for the Chinese case for which modeling work has global implications. This paper reports estimates of substitution elasticities for normalized nested CES aggregate production functions for China with different nested structures of input factors: capital, labor with or without human capital adjustment, and energy using data for the period 1979-2006. We adopt grid search based non-linear optimization techniques for estimation. The results show that all the substitution elasticities we estimate are positive. For the widely used (K,L)E structure, we find that the substitution elasticity between capital and labor for China is below unity. When human capital adjusted labor is used as input instead of unadjusted raw labor, estimates of substitution elasticity between capital and labor become lower. By considering the significance of estimates, our results suggest that the (E,L)K structure seems more appropriate for the Chinese economy.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133303279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability: Empirical Evidence from East and South-East Asia","authors":"M. Alam, Nurul Kabir","doi":"10.5539/IJEF.V5N2P86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/IJEF.V5N2P86","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability in the East and South-East Asian countries focused on the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, using data from environmental performance index (EPI) in 2010. Both pollution and eco-efficiency measures, two components of environmental sustainability, are considered as dependent variables while GDP per capita is used as an independent variable. Besides independent variable, the study also considers population density and civil and political liberty index (CIVLIB) as control variables and East and South-East Asia as a dummy variable. By using ordinary least square (OLS) method, this study reveals that while the increase of the GDP per capita appears to have positive impact on the pollution measures, it is found mix (both positive and negative) results on eco-efficiency measures. These findings prove the hypothesis of environmental Kuznets curve partially but not entirely. We conclude the paper by suggesting that the policy makers should give priority to the eco-efficiency measures along with pollution measures in order to ensure environmental sustainability in the process of economic development.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130324363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: Integrating Price Mechanisms into International Climate Negotiations","authors":"Warwick McKibbin, A. Morris, P. Wilcoxen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2295180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2295180","url":null,"abstract":"The Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) continue their efforts to forge a new binding international agreement by 2015. The negotiations face daunting odds, but the 2009 Copenhagen Accord's shift towards heterogeneous national commitments was a positive step forward for climate policy. The prior presumption that binding commitments could only take the form of a percentage reduction relative to historical levels alienated rapidly industrializing countries and led to unproductive disputes over base years and other issues of target formulation. However, the disparate approaches now under discussion complicate comparing the likely emissions reductions and economic efforts required to achieve the commitments. This paper makes two points. First, we offer good reasons and ways to adapt international negotiations to allow for price-based commitments. The economic uncertainty surrounding target-only commitments is enormous. Combining a clear cumulative emissions target with limits on the cost associated with achieving the target would balance the environmental objective with the need to ensure that commitments remain feasible. This economic insurance could foster greater participation in the agreement and more ambitious commitments. Specifically, we suggest that in addition to their cumulative emissions targets for the 2013 to 2020 period, major economies could agree to a price collar on greenhouse gas emissions in their domestic economies. This would include starting floor and ceiling prices on a ton of CO2 and a schedule for real increases in those prices. All major parties would need to show at least a minimum level of effort regardless of whether they achieve their emissions target, and they would be allowed to exceed their target if they are unable to achieve it in spite of undertaking a high level of effort. The paper provides an example of how a price collar would work in the US context under a cap-and-trade system. Second, analyzing proposed climate commitments in terms of their implied economic stringency, as measured by the implied price on carbon necessary to achieve the targets, offers transparent and verifiable assurance of the comparability of effort across countries. It possible to calculate carbon price equivalents of climate commitments in a conceptually similar way to the tariff equivalents used in international trade negotiations. In sum, the lack of transparency in the level of effort involved in achieving particular emissions targets highlights the potential value of allowing for price-based commitments and argues for greater economic transparency in the international negotiation process.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114775800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"North/South Contractual Design Through the REDD+ Scheme","authors":"Mireille Chiroleu‐Assouline, Jean-Christophe Poudou, S. Roussel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2192032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2192032","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we aim at theoretically grounding the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation + (REDD+) scheme as a contractual relationship between countries in the light of the theory of incentives. Considering incomplete information about reference levels of deforestation as well as exogenous implementation and transaction costs, we compare two types of contracts: a deforestation performancebased contract and a conditional avoided deforestation-based contract. Because of the implementation and transaction costs, each kind of REDD+ contract implies a dramatParis School of Economics (PSE) - Universit","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130121177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Framework for Climate Finance Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: A Breakthrough or an Empty Promise?","authors":"Y. Yamineva, K. Kulovesi","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-5440-9_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5440-9_9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131356823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decisions on Investments in Photovoltaics and Carbon Capture and Storage: A Comparison between Two Different Greenhouse Gas Control Strategies","authors":"S. Vögele, D. Rübbelke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2165699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2165699","url":null,"abstract":"Decisions of electricity suppliers on investments in low-carbon energy technologies like PV (photovoltaics) and CCS (carbon capture and storage) depend on the expected profits or surpluses that can be earned. For an assessment of the profitability of investments in PV (and other renewable energy technologies), additional costs caused by the fluctuation in PV power plants' productivity and by the need for backup capacities have to be taken into account. Changes in the rest of the power plant stock will via their influence on the merit-order curve also affect the return on investment. Bearing these aspects in mind, it might become more attractive to invest in alternative technologies like CCS than to channel the investments towards PV in combination with backup power plants. In our study we compare investments in CCS and PV regarding possible merit-order effects and profitability, using investments in Germany as an example.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127842311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Trade-Off between Intra- and Intergenerational Equity in Climate Policy: Can Carbon Leakage Be Justified?","authors":"S. Kverndokk, Eric Navdal, Linda Nøstbakken","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2141683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2141683","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on two equity aspects of climate policy, intra- and intergenerational equity, and analyzes the implications of equity preferences on climate policy, and on the production and consumption patterns in rich and poor countries. We develop a dynamic two-region model, in which each region suffers from local pollution and global warming, but also has an inequality aversion over current consumption allocations. Inequality aversion over consumption lifts the consumption path of the poor region, while it lowers the consumption path of the rich region, which must take a greater share of the climate burden. Therefore, a high abatement in the rich region is met by more pollution in the poor region, thus justifying carbon leakages. Moreover, the poor region may even be allowed to increase emissions relative to business as usual under the optimal climate policy. These effects are reinforced when introducing transfers between the regions. However, loans to poor countries to reduce inequality may result in a debt crisis, and debt remittance may be part of the optimal climate policy.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131855398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Growth and Equity in the Context of Climate Change: Some Considerations","authors":"J. Sachs, S. Someshwar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2111137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2111137","url":null,"abstract":"The authors set out to explore some of the ways that equity has been considered in climate change discussions. They discuss per capita emission right approaches, and highlight key challenges in the application of equity in global climate change negotiations. They provide a brief overview of key approaches to carbon financing, focusing on some recent cost estimations of potential climate change impacts, as well as of projected needs for green growth programs. The diversity of estimates and present evidence on the apparent gulf between available public financing and green growth needs are highlighted; and considerations of implementing green growth, focusing on building climate resilience and responding to climate shocks are discussed.","PeriodicalId":135089,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Carbon Reduction (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128081596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}