Indian Journal of Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of recombinant human parathyroid hormone and zoledronic acid on osteoblast gene expression using multifaceted approach: An in vitro study.","authors":"Vandana Dhiman, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Poonam Kanta, Gurjeet Kaur, Swati Bhat, Amanjit Bal, Naresh Sachdeva, Anil Bhansali, Devinder Kumar Dhawan, Ravi Pratap Barnwal, Gurpal Singh, Sudhaker Dhanwada Rao","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_582_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_582_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone is an endocrine organ that despite being inert in appearance constantly undergoes remodeling, in which wear and tear of bone cells occur. With more than two decades of clinical experience, the molecular mechanisms of anti-fracture drugs are not completely understood because they inhibit osteoclastic activity and differentiate the osteoblast cells. Recent studies suggest fundamentally different mechanisms of action for key anti-fracture drugs, bisphosphonates, and recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) at the tissue level; however, their molecular basis of action has not been explored completely. Here, we showed the effect of varying concentrations of zoledronic acid (ZOL) and rhPTH on human osteogenic sarcoma cells (U2OS cells).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cellular viability, mineralization, and osteogenic gene expressions were assessed to elucidate the effects of these two prototypic drugs with diametrically different mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cellular viability was not affected either by ZOL or rhPTH alone or in tandem treatments. Osteoblastic activity increased significantly with rhPTH followed by ZOL. Further, alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly with tandem treatment of rhPTH followed by ZOL both at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, osteoblastic genes (COL1A1 and osteocalcin) were significantly modulated by sequential treatment with rhPTH followed by ZOL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that rhPTH (5 μg) treatment followed by ZOL (1 μM) showed the best anabolic or bone-forming effect. Our results warrant further research in assessing similar combinations of anti-fracture drugs, which augment osteogenesis to maximize their anabolic effects in preventing osteoporosis in susceptible individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 2","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postvaccine \"spikeopathy:\" what is the long-term neurological risk?","authors":"Jean-Marc Bugnicourt","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_943_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_943_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 2","pages":"108-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olanzapine-induced paraesthesia: A less reported side effect.","authors":"Sanyam Tyagi, Vishal Verma, Vijay Kumar Saini, Harmanpreet Kaur","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_637_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_637_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Despite proven efficacy in these disorders, it can cause various side effects, including occurrences of paraesthesia-a sensory disorder characterized by spontaneous itching or tingling without external triggers. The mechanism behind olanzapine-induced paraesthesia is not well understood but may involve dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor antagonism. Here, we report two cases of severe paraesthesia that occurred as a side effect of olanzapine therapy, which improved after discontinuing the medication in the first case and by reducing the dose in the second case.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 2","pages":"102-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How well do patients understand medication information written in prescriptions? A study from Eastern India.","authors":"Debaleena Das, Shreya Kotal, Suparna Chatterjee","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_359_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_359_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Appropriate understanding of medicine-related advice in a prescription by patients ensures therapeutic compliance and mitigates avoidable medication intake-related errors.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study assessed how well patients or their caregivers attending a tertiary care hospital have understood medicine-related information in their outpatient department (OPD) prescription.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective questionnaire-based observational study was conducted on patients attending outpatient clinics of four departments of a tertiary care hospital. The questionnaire had both open and close-ended questions, which assessed understanding of written information related to the prescribed medicines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 380 patients were enrolled in the study. 59.21% (95% CI 54.2-64.04) respondents had an excellent or good understanding of drug dosage. Similarly, 40% (95% CI 35.2-45) about drug frequency and 59.77% (95% CI 54.66-64.7) had excellent understanding of drug duration. However, overall composite understanding of prescriptions was poor in 36.84% (95% CI 32.14-41.8) of study participants. Patients with a higher level of education or from higher socioeconomic groups had a better understanding compared to other educational and socioeconomic categories. Suggestions for better patient understanding included prescriptions in vernacular language and pictorial representations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study conducted in a tertiary care public hospital in India, reveals suboptimal understanding of medication-related information in OPD prescriptions. Based on the study outcome, measures have been taken to address the issue. Furthermore, there is a need for designing tailored interventions based on the patient profile attending a healthcare facility to facilitate better understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 2","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential application of the wolly mouse in future research.","authors":"Supriya Khanra, Aastha Datta, Shiv Charan, Rutweek Kulkarni, Ajay Prakash, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_376_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_376_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 2","pages":"65-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis and comorbid depression: Association with serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity.","authors":"Proteesh Rana, Bijo Varughese, Vandana Roy, Shreshth Khanna, Seema Kapoor, Ashwani Khanna","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_252_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_252_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with tuberculosis (TB) may have depression as a comorbidity, which may be associated with poor treatment outcomes. Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines activating enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been reported in TB. We studied the association of IDO activity and comorbid depression in TB patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve TB patients were evaluated for symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 scale. A PHQ-9 score of ≥5 was taken as an indicator for depression. Patients were further categorized into two groups based on their PHQ-9 scores, Group-I with a PHQ-9 score of <5 and Group-II with a PHQ-9 score ≥5. The serum kynurenine (KYN) and tryptophan (TRP) levels were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the KYN/TRP ratio was taken as a measure for IDO activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 106 TB patients and 106 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Over 73.5% of TB patients had PHQ-9 scores of above 5 with an average score of 7.09 ± 2.83, a significant difference (P < 0.05) as compared to the average PHQ-9 scores of healthy controls (2.93 ± 1.20). Group-II TB patients had lower serum TRP 539.55 ± 194.31 ng/mL versus 1109.45 ± 186.04 ng/mL (P < 0.01) in Group-I; higher serum KYN 425.81 ± 65.51 ng/mL versus 250.06 ± 40.28 ng/mL (P < 0.01) and higher K/T ratio 0.906 ± 0.56 versus 0.251 ± 0.052 (P < 0.01). There was a significant linear correlation between PHQ-9 and serum KYN (r: 0.969; P: <0.01; R2: 0.909); serum TRP (r: 0.841; P: <0.01; R2: 0.745); and KYN/TRP ratio (r: 0.745; P < 0.01; R2: 0.618).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that in TB patients, induction of IDO activity may be relevant to the development of comorbid depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pirfenidone-induced phototoxicity.","authors":"Nazneen Bano, Anmol Batra, Shubham Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_601_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_601_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"55-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of tamsulosin-induced recurrent ischemic priapism.","authors":"Hitesh Taleja, Mohit Pateriya, Abhishek Mishra, Shalendra Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_456_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_456_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"57-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac glycosides: Looking beyond heart failure and atrial fibrillation.","authors":"Joseph G Omole, Godswill J Udom, Ayodeji Aturamu, Richard D Agbana, Omoirri Moses Aziakpono, Benjamin Oritsemuelebi, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Idara A Okon, Omoniyi K Yemitan","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_934_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_934_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac physiological changes induced by cardiovascular drugs from different chemical classes in zebrafish mirrored in mice: A predictive tool for comprehensive risk assessment.","authors":"Rohan Takawale, Deeksha Singh, Vandana S Nikam","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_566_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_566_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study investigated the impact of various cardiovascular drug on the cardiac physiology of zebrafish embryos and validated these findings in mice.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiotoxicity has significantly contributed to the high drug attrition rate over the last two decades, underscoring the cardiac risk assessment in drug discovery and development. Although regulatory authority's guidelines specified the cell-based assays for the safety assessment of drugs, the current requirements fall short due to a lack of in vivo biology. The use of zebrafish experimental system has surged in developmental and pathophysiological investigation due to their striking resemblance to mammals. Hence, we used the zebrafish model system for cardiovascular drug studies and validated it in the mice model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The zebrafish embryos of 72 hours post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to different CVS drug and, recorded their heart rate, and further validated in mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that exposure to amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker), atenolol (a class II antiarrhythmic), and amiodarone (a class III antiarrhythmic) led to dose-dependent reductions in heart rate in zebrafish embryos, with effects varying based on drug concentration and mechanism of action. Specifically, amiodarone treatment resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in heart rate (0.001-100 μM) and atrioventricular block starting at a 10 μM concentration. Each class of cardiovascular drug demonstrated unique cardiac effects in zebrafish embryos, reflecting similar patterns in mice treated with these drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the zebrafish model's utility for early-phase cardiac risk assessment in drug discovery due to its high throughput capabilities and other beneficial features.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}