Indian Journal of Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of silver nanocomposite of azithromycin and tulsi against in vitro Pseudomonas inhibition.","authors":"Kiran Dobhal, Jaya Rautela, Naveen Chandra Joshi, Vikash Jakhmola","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_284_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_284_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study comprised a silver nanocomposite of azithromycin and its action against pseudomonal Gram-negative bacteria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>First, silver nanoparticles of tulsi extract were prepared by the bottom-up method, and a nanocomposite was fabricated by azithromycin incorporation.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Silver nanoparticles were subjected to ultraviolet (UV), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) method; and produced satisfactory results. Furthermore, five formulations (NC1-NC5) of nanocomposite were prepared by silver nanoparticle and azithromycin. All nanocomposite formulation was characterized by UV, FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and EDAX. The NC4 formulation was found suitable for further investigation. UV-VIS spectra revealed that the highest absorption band is at 437 nm. FT-IR peaks were observed at 3392.350 cm-1, 1653.456 cm-1 and 1059.043 cm-1. Distinctive silver ion peaks were observed at 670.658 cm-1. Silver nanocomposite showed 2θ values of 38.8°, 44.7°, and 64.9°, and the sizes were 15.218 nm, 6.181 nm, and 14.356 nm for the silver nanocomposite of azithromycin. The average crystalline size of the nanoparticle was computed to be 15.41 nm. The atomic silver component was 60.3% confirmed by the EDAX method. The spherical shape of the nanocomposite was confirmed by an SEM study. NC-4 was further evaluated against the in vitro inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Azithromycin was a positive control. LogIC50 was computed as 1.062-2.419 of NC4 against azithromycin. It exhibits the significant inhibition of the bacterial zone (5 mm) in comparison of azithromycin (7 mm).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In most cases, azithromycin gets resistant to bacterial infections. To overcome this issue, the silver nanocomposite of azithromycin could be a better alternative against Pseudomonas and other Gram-negative precarious infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"120-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-emergence of COVID-19 and preparedness.","authors":"Gajendra Choudhary, Harshita Rajput, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_577_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_577_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"117-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of novel tin metal complex of embelin isolated from Embelia ribes fruits.","authors":"Ruchi Singh, Durga K Mewara","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_678_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_678_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dried Embelia ribes berries can be used to extract Embelin (2,5-Dihydroxy-3-undecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene -1,4-dione), a herbal p-benzoquinone derived from general quinones. This plant shows potential for scientific study that could provide cutting-edge therapeutic compounds. Prior studies have shown that the molecule's transformation into a complex may have increased its bioactivity. Furthermore, it has been shown that inorganic complexes are more versatile than pure organic molecules, which may improve the ability to target sites that are commonly present in the aquatic ecological environment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One of the substances with known activity found in the fruits of Embelia ribes, embelin (2, 5-dihydroxy-3- undecyl-p-benzoquinone), was extracted using chloroform solvent and then separated using column chromatography techniques. An Embelin-Sn complex was created using the purified Embelin. The Embelin-Sn complex was synthesized under simple, appropriate conditions that employed room temperature. Using elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrum analysis, and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, the structure of the Embelin-Sn complex has been ascertained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytochemical embelin isolated from Embelia ribes was used to synthesize Embelin-Sn complex, its characterization studied, and its anticancer potential evaluated using the MTT assay and apoptotic assay on the T-47D breast cancer cell line and antibacterial study by disc diffusion method. Sn complex concentration on breast cancer cells (T-47D cell line) were exposed to varied concentrations for 24 hours, including 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg/ml. This result implies that embelin inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The antibacterial property was determined by measuring the disc's inhibitory zone size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For the first time, an Embelin-Sn complex was synthesized, and it exhibited zone of inhibition against E. coli and dose-dependent administration of Embelin-Sn complex represents a potential novel strategy which can successfully treat the breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portal vein thrombosis as a complication of Eltrombopag used in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in a patient of chronic liver disease.","authors":"Sangita D Kamath, Manish Kumar, Sudip Saha, Ashok Sunder","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_777_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_777_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eltrombopag is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist which is used an off-label treatment for thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease (CLD). It is US Food and Drug Administration approved in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia. However, the literature review suggests its use is associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis including portal vein thrombosis (PVT). There have been several case reports of developing PVT during treatment with Eltrombopag in patients with CLD of varying etiology. We report the case of nonalcohol steatohepatitis-associated CLD with concomitant immune thrombocytopenia who developed PVT 15 days after starting eltrombopag for thrombocytopenia. Our case suggests the possible causation of PVT by eltrombopag in patients with CLD and the need for caution and continuous vigilance for detection of such a complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"193-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiolytic action of a methanolic extract of Biophytum sensitivum (L) DC leaves.","authors":"Anuska P Nair, Shailaja Mallya","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_288_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_288_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study sought to assess the anxiolytic effects of a methanolic extract of Biophytum sensitivum (L) DC leaves.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In vivo screening methods such as the elevated plus maze model, light and dark chamber model, and mirror chamber apparatus were used to study the anxiolytic behavior, using Wistar albino rats. Methanolic extract of B. sensitivum (MEBS) leaves and was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg and 400 mg/kg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The methanolic extract of the leaves of B. sensitivum exhibited a dose-dependent anxiolytic activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MEBS showed anxiolytic activity and showed results which were comparable to the standard drugs used. The total flavonoid content test confirmed the presence of flavonoids, which may have a role in the anxiolytic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prescription patterns and practices: Utilization of statins in diabetes management across nations.","authors":"Smruti Besekar, Sangita Jogdand, Satyawan Singh Patel","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_770_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_770_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant risk for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and statins are integral in preventing such complications. However, global statin prescription practices often diverge from clinical guidelines, which can lead to suboptimal cardiovascular outcomes. This review examines global trends in statin prescription patterns in T2DM management, focusing on adherence to clinical guidelines, gaps in statin utilization, and the impact on cardiovascular health. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-2 guidelines, this systematic review analyzed eight studies on statin prescription trends, guideline adherence, and therapy intensity, revealing significant global variations in prescription practices. Notably, higher prescription rates were found in Asia compared to Africa and certain developed nations. Despite recommendations, high-intensity statins were underutilized globally, with many patients receiving moderate- or low-intensity therapy. Inappropriate statin use was also observed in low-risk T2DM patients, raising concerns about unnecessary exposure to potential adverse effects. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved adherence to clinical guidelines, particularly for high-risk T2DM patients, and highlight the importance of addressing these barriers. To optimize cardiovascular outcomes, the review emphasizes enhanced physician education, better implementation of guidelines, and targeted strategies to optimize statin therapy. Addressing these gaps could lead to a reduction in CVD risk and improved outcomes for patients with T2DM globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing trends of fixed-dose combination of domperidone and proton-pump inhibitor across tertiary care centers in India, is the combination rational?","authors":"Ajay Kumar Shukla, Sameer Uttamrao Khasbage, Ratinder Jhaj, Balakrishnan Sadasivam, Jerin Jose Cherian, Preeta Kaur Chugh, C D Tripathi, Chetna K Desai, Prakruti Parth Patel, Niyati A Trivedi, Janki Chauhan, Jayanthi Mathaiyan, S Manikandan, Ramasamy Raveendran, Pooja Gupta, Sandhya Kaustubh Kamat, Raakhi Kaliprasad Tripathi, Yashashri Shetty, Suparna Chatterjee, Debaleena Das, Atiya R Faruqui, Sujith J Chandy, Harihar Dikshit, Hitesh Mishra, Sukalyan Saha Roy, Rajiv Kumar, Rupa Joshi, Ajay Prakash, Bikash Medhi, Nilima Kshirsagar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_744_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_744_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There have been concerns over the rationality of prescribing practices of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) available in India. The FDC of domperidone and pantoprazole recently emerged as a top-selling product at Janaushadhi Kendras in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study is a part of the prescription research which was conducted under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Task Force Project on Rational Use of Drugs at 13 tertiary healthcare centers across the countries that were part of the ICMR-Rational Use of Medicine Centres Network. An assessment of rationality for prescribing practices of FDC of domperidone and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) was done based on the available guidelines and evidence from the literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 8839 outpatient prescriptions were analyzed in which FDCs with domperidone and PPI were prescribed in 481 (5.44%) cases. The FDC containing domperidone + PPI was prescribed for nausea and vomiting in 10.81% of cases. The dose was not mentioned in 55% of prescriptions; the dose of domperidone up to 30 mg/day was mentioned in 42.41% of prescriptions and more than 30 mg/day in 2.28% of prescriptions. In 89.18% of cases, it was prescribed to patients under 60 years of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study has shown a lack of rationality in the prescribing practices in FDC containing domperidone and PPI in terms of indications, dose, frequency, duration, and administration instructions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical application of standardized capsicum and rosemary extracts promotes hair growth in testosterone induced alopecia in Wistar rats: Histological and morphometric evaluation.","authors":"Alaa Youssef Eid, Dalia A Al-Mahdy, Rabab H Sayed, Mouchira A Choucry, Hesham El-Askary","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_636_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_636_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alopecia, a common condition causing hair loss, leads to decreased self-esteem worldwide. Natural extracts such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.), traditionally used for various medicinal purposes in Egypt, are widely utilized in treatments for androgenetic alopecia and hair care products. However, these extracts lack market standardization and clear specifications, leading to inconsistent and unpredictable effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effects of standardized rosemary and capsicum extracts on testosterone-induced androgenetic alopecia in rats to ensure consistent quality and safety in marketed hair care products.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved preparing standardized rosemary and capsicum extracts and developing simple, accurate, sensitive, rapid, and reproducible methods for both. The extracts were tested on adult male Wistar rats with testosterone-induced alopecia, using a 2% finasteride solution as a reference standard. Visual and microscopic evaluations were conducted to measure three hair follicle parameters: diameter, length, and density.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study demonstrated the potent effects of standardized rosemary and capsicum extracts on hair growth parameters over 21 days; the application of 0.075% of standardized capsicum extract significantly improved hair growth parameters, including follicle density, length, and diameter. Furthermore, standardized rosemary extracts at 3% and 5% concentrations showed significant improvements across all measured parameters, particularly in hair follicle density.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the potential of standardized rosemary and capsicum extracts in promoting hair growth parameters, including hair follicle density, length, and diameter. It will pave the way for more effective natural-based androgenetic alopecia treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of zinc status on cell cycle and viability: An in vitro study in monocytes (THP-1) and muscle (Rhabdomyosarcoma) cells.","authors":"Sarath Babu Srivalliputturu, Srinivasa Reddy Yathapu","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_227_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_227_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monocyte and muscle cells are considered Zn reservoirs and sensitive to Zn fluctuations, especially in terms of viability. The current study aimed to understand the effect of Zn sufficiency and deficiency on THP-1 monocyte and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) muscle cell lines. Zinc sufficiency was maintained by supplementing 25 µM of Zn, whereas varying degrees of deficiency were created with intracellular Zn chelator-TPEN in serum-free medium. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and the Zn deficiency effect on cell cycle stage was determined through flow cytometry analysis. Zn sufficiency has no-observable effect on cell viability, however, Zn deficiency has a significant positive (P < 0.05) effect on cell death. Cell-cycle analysis has shown a significant higher percentage of THP-1, and RD cells were arrested at Sub-G1 stage in zinc deficiency. Results suggest that cells have the tendency of adaptation to sub-optimal zinc depletion. Further, subnormal level of zinc affected THP-1 and RD cell viability by increasing the cell death at the Sub-G1 stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of acceptability and feasibility of using manual pill organizers and pill reminder apps for improving medication adherence among elderly population from rural Maharashtra.","authors":"Radhika K Nimkar, Rajesh W Balkhande, Rakesh S Patil, Dhiraj M Agarwal, Aditi A Apte","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_960_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_960_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 40%-75% of elderly individuals suffering from chronic diseases are nonadherent to medications. Manual pill organizers (MPO) and pill reminder apps (PRAs) are simple interventions that can improve medication adherence. This was a mixed-methods study to understand the feasibility and acceptability of MPO and a locally developed PRA amongst elderly individuals from rural Maharashtra.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty elderly individuals aged 60-80 years taking three or more oral medications with access to a smartphone were randomized to receive MPO, PRA, or MPO + PRA for 3 months (n = 30). The outcome measures included acceptability and feasibility using qualitative methods, and usability was measured using a system usability scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both MPO and PRA demonstrated good system usability and ease of independent use. The findings of the qualitative study highlighted reduced dependency on caregivers, reduced chance of missing a pill, and ease of carrying medicines during travel as benefits of MPO. User-friendliness, ability to take medication on time, and caregivers' satisfaction were reported benefits with PRA. Reported challenges included initial hesitancy, the additional workload of filling the MPO, alarm malfunctions, and dependency on family members for using PRA. Medication nonadherence due to forgetfulness significantly improved from 52% to 65% at baseline to 90%-100% at the end as reported using Medication Adherence Rating System-5. Participants in the combined group did not report any difficulty using the two interventions together.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates good feasibility and acceptability of MPOs and indigenously developed PRA either alone or in combination among the Indian rural elderly population. CTRI registration: CTRI/2024/01/061975 (Registered on- January 29, 2024).</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 3","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}