Indian Journal of Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Protective effect of hesperidin, ascorbic acid and their combination on oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and histological changes in antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.","authors":"Nathiya Shanmugam, Preethi Umanath, Vennila Gurusamy","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_116_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_116_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hesperidin and ascorbic acid (AA) enhance cellular antioxidant defense systems by neutralizing the free radicals which formed during oxidative stress that could offer protective effects against drug-induced liver injury. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of hesperidin, AA and their combination against antitubercular drug (ATDs)- induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The rats were divided into six groups of 6 animals each. Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R), and pyrazinamide (Z) (27, 54, 135 mg/kg.b.wt) were co-administration for 50 days to induce hepatotoxicity. Hesperidin 200 mg/kg and AA 100 mg/kg p.o were administered 1 h before ATDs administration. At the end of the study, blood and liver tissues were collected and subjected to biochemical and histopathological examination. Biochemical parameters, serum marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Gamma glutamyltransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase), lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH, glutathione peroxidase, GR, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E), lipid profile, membrane bound ATPase, and histological changes of liver were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that HRZ-induced hepatotoxicity was evident by significant (P < 0.001) elevation in level of urea, creatinine, bilirubin, liver marker enzymes, lipid profile (P < 0.01), and LPO (P < 0.001) along with significant decline in the level of total protein, albumin (P > 0.05), ATPase (P < 0.001), and antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.001). Treatment with HDN and AA significantly reduced the changes induced by HRZ. However, compared to individual treatment, combined treatment with HDN and AA significantly (P < 0.001) ameliorated all the changes induced by ATDs and improved the hepatic architecture to near normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of HDN and AA demonstrated a synergistic therapeutic effect against HRZ-induced liver injury; hence, this combination represents a potential novel strategy for the management of anti-TB drug-induced liver damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amelioration of convulsion-induced depression comorbidity by Rubus ellipticus whole plant extract in experimental models.","authors":"Suniti Chand, Saumya Das, Avijit Mazumder, Swarupanjali Padhi, Chandana Majee, Ananya Pandey, Manas Kumar Das","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_215_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_215_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Neuropsychiatric disorders are widespread and serious and have a detrimental effect on the patient's physical and mental health. The aim of the present study was to find the protective effect of Rubus ellipticus in epilepsy by maximal electroshock seizure, pentylenetetrazol, and related depressive behavior by Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test. The animals were given ethanol extract of R. ellipticus (EERE) (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) doses for 10 days. On every 5th day, seizure monitoring was performed (day 5 and day 10), followed by depressive behavior monitoring by evaluating immobility time. It was revealed that EERE treatment caused antidepressive-like behavior as a comorbid antiepileptogenic effect. This study will provide compelling evidence to support further clinical trials to grow this medicinal plant in the management of epileptogenic and associated debilitating behavioral comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital platform for prescription analytics and antibiotic surveillance in an outpatient department setup.","authors":"Saumya Kankanala, Krishna Prakash Joshi, Mohammad Nezamuddin Khan, Rohit Dixit, Rohini Gunasekaran, Tarun Gupta, Yogendra Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_201_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_201_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The analysis of prescriptions plays a crucial role in promoting rational drug use, minimizing medication errors, and enabling effective antimicrobial surveillance. Manual analyzing is time-consuming, expensive, and error-prone. This study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns and antimicrobial surveillance using a novel digital analytical platform in a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A descriptive observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, in India, between June and August 2024. Prescription data were collected from outpatient departments (general medicine, surgery, pediatrics, pulmonology, and orthopedics) and analyzed using the VaidyaRx digital analytic platform. World Health Organization Core Prescribing Indicators were applied to assess prescribing trends, generic drug usage, antibiotic prescribing patterns, fixed-dose combination (FDC), and adherence to the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). Data were analyzed using MS Excel and VaidyaRx.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean patient age was 35.8 ± 19.2 years, with pediatrics (21.8%), adult (73.3%), and geriatric (4.9%). The average drugs per prescription were 3.2, and generic prescriptions were 37.5%. Antibiotics were prescribed in 24.9% of prescriptions, highest in surgery (46.9%), with ofloxacin + ornidazole and amoxicillin + potassium clavulanate being the most common. NLEM drug use was 36.7%, with more FDCs from non-NLEM (40.9%) than NLEM (8.3%) drugs. Only 64.5% of prescriptions mentioned dosage, raising concerns about completeness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using the VaidyaRx digital platform, real-time prescription analysis was possible which helped in enhancing medication safety and antimicrobial stewardship. Suitable interventions are needed to reduce polypharmacy, increase generic prescribing, ensure rational antibiotic use, and improve prescribing practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Council for Harmonisation E6 (R3): The Good Clinical Practice, recent developments, and global perspective.","authors":"Vipul Bharati, Sandhya Rajaram, Ajay Prakash, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_152_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_152_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis following ceftriaxone.","authors":"Mauli M Shah,Shree Dhanani,Keyur Patel,Pragya Nair","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_127_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_127_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":"297-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between essential metals and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.","authors":"Anoop Kumar,Manisha Thakur,Mohini Chaurasia,S J S Flora","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_735_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_735_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"21 1","pages":"299-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing pharmacogenetic testing to optimize proton-pump inhibitors use among Indian population based on CPIC-CYP2C19-PPI dosing guidelines: The need of the hour.","authors":"Santenna Chenchula,Shubham Atal,Ratinder Jhaj,Chakradhara Rao S Uppugunduri","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_198_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_198_24","url":null,"abstract":"Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed to decrease stomach acid and treat various acid-related Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases. However, genetic variations, particularly in the CYP2C19 gene, affect PPIs metabolism and efficacy. Variants in CYP2C19 can result in different rates of PPI metabolism, influencing their effectiveness. Personalized medicine strategies, such as genotyping for CYP2C19, have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of PPI therapy and patient safety. This review aims to describe the relevance of CYP2C19 genetic profiling in the indian population, including normal function (e.g. CYP2C19*1, *11, *13, *15, *18, *28, and 38), decreased function (e.g., CYP2C19*9, *10, *16, *19, *25, and 26), loss of function (e.g., CYP2C19*2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, *22, *24, *35, *36, and *37), and increased function (e.g., CYP2C19*17) variants. This review also examines the clinical pharmacogenomics implementation consortium (CPIC)-CYP2C19-PPI guidelines to highlight the importance of pharmacogenomics (PGx)-informed personalized PPI therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease treatment. On average, each person in India possesses eight pharmacogenetic (PGx) variants that can be clinically significant, underscoring the need for preemptive testing. Implementing CYP2C19 genetic testing in India requires expanding laboratory capacity, increasing accessibility in primary care, increasing public awareness, collaboration between pharmacovigilance and PGx programs, investing in advanced sequencing technologies, data management systems, and integration with electronic health records and clinical decision support systems. Addressing challenges such as genetic diversity, socioeconomic factors, health-care access issues, and shortage of trained professionals is essential for implementation. Due to the lack of definitive country-specific policies and PGx guidelines from Indian drug regulatory agencies, guidelines from international consortia such as the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium and drug labeling offer crucial foundational evidence. This evidence can be used to enhance patient outcomes and ensure the safe and effective use of PPIs in India.","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"30 1","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying quantitative and systems pharmacology to drug development and beyond: An introduction to clinical pharmacologists","authors":"Mathan Kumar Ramasubbu, Bhairav Paleja, Anand Srinivasann, Rituparna Maiti, Rukmini Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_644_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_644_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantitative and systems pharmacology (QSP) is an innovative and integrative approach combining physiology and pharmacology to accelerate medical research. This review focuses on QSP’s pivotal role in drug development and its broader applications, introducing clinical pharmacologists/researchers to QSP’s quantitative approach and the potential to enhance their practice and decision-making. The history of QSP adoption reveals its impact in diverse areas, including glucose regulation, oncology, autoimmune disease, and HIV treatment. By considering receptor–ligand interactions of various cell types, metabolic pathways, signaling networks, and disease biomarkers simultaneously, QSP provides a holistic understanding of interactions between the human body, diseases, and drugs. Integrating knowledge across multiple time and space scales enhances versatility, enabling insights into personalized responses and general trends. QSP consolidates vast data into robust mathematical models, predicting clinical trial outcomes and optimizing dosing based on preclinical data. QSP operates under a “learn and confirm paradigm,” integrating experimental findings to generate testable hypotheses and refine them through precise experimental designs. An interdisciplinary collaboration involving expertise in pharmacology, biochemistry, genetics, mathematics, and medicine is vital. QSP’s utility in drug development is demonstrated through integration in various stages, predicting drug responses, optimizing dosing, and evaluating combination therapies. Challenges exist in model complexity, communication, and peer review. Standardized workflows and evaluation methods ensure reliability and transparency.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacomicrobiomics - Another frontier of precision medicine.","authors":"Santenna Chenchula,Shubham Atal,Anusuya Bhattacharyya,Bikash Medhi,Madhavrao Chavan,Phulen Sarma","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_646_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_646_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"24 1","pages":"237-241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing pediatric drug development in South Asia: Current landscape and vision for the future","authors":"Rajesh Krishna, Manoj Jadhav, Rama Sivasubramanian, Gangadhar Sunkara, Vikram Gota, Vis Niranjan, Vipin Dhote, Nidhi Sapkal, Nirmala N Rege, Samir Sethi, Bikash Medhi, Nilima Kshirsagar, Deven Parmar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_396_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_396_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The manuscript summarizes the outcomes of a one-day conference by the South Asian College of American College of Clinical Pharmacology (SAC-ACCP) in July 2023, at Bhopal. The theme of the conference was “Advancing pediatric drug development in South Asia.” SAC-ACCP organized this event in Bhopal to foster the discipline of clinical pharmacology and to motivate researchers and physicians in the in the central part of India. The conference featured presentations on regional approaches to pediatric drug development in Asia by pediatric scientific experts from the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, as well as independent consultancies. The speakers highlighted several important aspects of the evolving regulatory landscape in India and proposed numerous actionable steps in acceleration of pediatric drug development. This commentary provides insights from presentations and the panel discussion at this conference and also makes an attempt to connect to similar discussions that occurred at the SAC-ACCP drug development conference in 2017.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142206515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}