Indian Journal of Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Neutralization antibody titer and change in 50% protection after the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine","authors":"Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_162_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_162_23","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>BACKGROUND: </h3>\u0000<p>The new COVID-19 variant outbreak is the present global public health problem. The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has several subvariants and causes outbreaks worldwide. Because of the increasing genetic heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2, it is expected that using COVID-19 immunization to prevent and control disease will be problematic.</p>\u0000<h3>AIM: </h3>\u0000<p>The aim of the study was to study neutralization of antibody titer and change in 50% protection after the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.</p>\u0000<h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS: </h3>\u0000<p>In this report, the authors determine the expected neutralization antibody titer against omicron subvariants and the change in 50% protection against infection after the third dose of the immunization.</p>\u0000<h3>RESULTS: </h3>\u0000<p>The change due to subvariant B.4 or B.5 is substantially higher than that due to the other subvariants. The efficacy of using viral vector vaccine boosters is questionable since viral vector COVID-19 boosters fail to generate enough antibodies to achieve the mean convalescent plasma level.</p>\u0000<h3>CONCLUSION: </h3>\u0000<p>Higher antibody levels than the typical convalescent level and that needed for half protective property are still possible with the mRNA vaccine booster shot. In addition, compared to the half-dose regimen, the full-dose regimen produces a higher antibody level. As a booster shot, the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription-based cost analysis of medicines for cardiovascular risk factors at Indian Council of Medical Research-Rational Use of Medicine Centre Hospitals of India.","authors":"Preeta Kaur Chugh, Pooja Gupta, Himika Wasan, C D Tripathi, Sujith J Chandy, Jaya Ranjalkar, Heber Rew Bright, Dinesh Kumar Badyal, Madhulika Peter Samuel, Ratinder Jhaj, Aditya Banerjee, Rupa Joshi, Bikash Medhi, Ajay Prakash, Sandhya Kamat, Raakhi Tripathi, Yashashri Shetty, Urwashi Parmar, Harihar Dikshit, Hitesh Mishra, Sukalyan Saha Roy, Rajiv Kumar, Suparna Chatterjee, Manjari Bhattacharya, Kalyan Samanta, Niyati Trivedi, Prashant Shah, Janki Chauhan, Raveendran Ramasamy, Jayanthi Mathaiyan, Jeevitha Gauthaman, Sandeep Kaushal, Samriti Jain, Shalini Arora, Kanchan Gupta, Jerin Jose Cherian, Nabendu Sekhar Chatterjee, Nilima Arun Kshirsagar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_61_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_61_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>India has taken several initiatives to provide health care to its population while keeping the related expenditure minimum. Since cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent chronic conditions, in the present study, we aimed to analyze the difference in prices of medicines prescribed for three cardiovascular risk factors, based on (a) listed and not listed in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) and (b) generic and branded drugs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Outpatient prescriptions for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were retrospectively analyzed from 12 tertiary centers. The prices of medicines prescribed were compared based on presence or absence in NLEM India-2015 and prescribing by generic versus brand name. The price was standardized and presented as average price per medicine per year for a given medicine. The results are presented in Indian rupee (INR) and as median (range).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 4,736 prescriptions collected, 843 contained oral antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and/or hypolipidemic medicines. The price per medicine per year for NLEM oral antidiabetics was INR 2849 (2593-3104) and for non-NLEM was INR 5343 (2964-14364). It was INR 806 (243-2132) for generic and INR 3809 (1968-14364) for branded antidiabetics. Antihypertensives and hypolipidemics followed the trend. The price of branded non-NLEM medicines was 5-22 times higher compared to generic NLEM which, for a population of 1.37 billion, would translate to a potential saving of 346.8 billion INR for statins. The variability was significant for sulfonylureas, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, and statins (P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights an urgent need for intervention to actualize the maximum benefit of government policies and minimize the out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and its relation with cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia: A cross-sectional exploratory study in patients at a tertiary care hospital.","authors":"Aishwariya Brigit George, Abhishek Gupta, Raka Jain, Mamta Sood, Siddharth Sarkar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_771_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_771_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has considerable relevance in neural growth and differentiation. It has been evaluated as a biomarker for individuals with various psychiatric disorders such as substance-related disorders and psychotic disorders.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study explored differences in the levels of BDNF (in serum) among subjects using cannabis (with and without schizophrenia).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study compared the serum BDNF level in male subjects aged 18-45 years. Four groups of 20 subjects each were included: individuals with tobacco use disorder only, patients having schizophrenia, patients with cannabis use disorder, and finally patients with comorbid cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BDNF levels were found to be significantly different across the four groups. The BDNF levels in subjects with concurrent schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder were higher than each of the other three groups (cannabis use disorder, schizophrenia, and tobacco use disorder only).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We find that BDNF may be higher when cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia co-occur, as compared to either of the conditions alone. The findings should be interpreted with caution due to the low sample size and potential confounders.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of artificial intelligence in vaccine development against pathogens: Challenges and future directions.","authors":"Varun Gorki, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_259_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_259_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico-based vaccine design against Naegleria fowleri causing primary amebic meningoencephalitis.","authors":"Vityala Yethindra, Sai Kiran Ramanujam, Dharani Mummadi, Krishna Priya Kanteti, Srilaxmi Vityala, Ujwala Damineni","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_482_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_482_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piperacillin-tazobactam as the unusual cause of fever in a young male with an amoebic liver abscess.","authors":"Vishal Mangal, Rahul Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_603_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_603_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical usefulness of nebulized dexmedetomidine for conscious sedation in daycare flexible bronchoscopy in Southern India.","authors":"Thomas Antony, K Vishak Acharya, Preetam Rajgopal Acharya, Himani Kotian, Sindhu Kamath","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_160_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_160_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sedative agents used in bronchoscopy require trained personnel to administer and monitor the patient. This increases the procedure cost, duration, and inpatient stay. Inhalational administration of sedative agents can be a practical solution to the issue. Dexmedetomidine in the inhalational form could give results similar to the intravenous form without significant adverse events.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study is prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study. Patients needing bronchoscopy were randomized to receive the nebulized form of either dexmedetomidine or saline (0.9%) before bronchoscopy. The study parameters are assessed and recorded before, during, and after bronchoscopy. Data collected are analyzed using the SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The side effects limit using commonly administered sedation agents in bronchoscopy, such as midazolam, fentanyl, and dexmedetomidine. The nebulized dexmedetomidine is safe with proven efficacy when compared to the placebo. Proceduralist-administered conscious sedation reduces the overall cost and shortens inpatient stays. Attenuation of hemodynamic parameters by dexmedetomidine could be an advantage for the physician in reducing an untoward cardiac event.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dexmedetomidine in the nebulized form improves the comfort of patients during the procedure. It blunts the pressure response during bronchoscopy and could be a safer and cost-effective agent in its nebulized form for conscious sedation in bronchoscopy. The study is approved by the institutional ethics committee (IEC KMC MLR 10-2021-310).</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound-healing effect of topical nanoemulsion-loaded cream and gel formulations of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) fruit oil and their acute dermal toxicity study on female SD rats.","authors":"Dattatraya Dinkar Gore, Nisha Sharma, Nidhi Mishra, Prashantkumar K Parmar, Soni Ranjana, Dinesh Kumar, Sanjay M Jachak, Gopabandhu Jena, Kulbhushan Tikoo, Arvind K Bansal, Inder Pal Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_370_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_370_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical nanoemulsion (NE)-loaded cream and gel formulations of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn [SBT]) fruit oil for wound healing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The NE-loaded cream and gel formulations of H. rhamnoides L. (SBT) fruit oil (IPHRFH) were prepared and evaluated for their wound-healing activity on female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. They were further divided into groups (seven) and the wound-healing activity was determined by measuring the area of the wound on the wounding day and on the 0th, 4th, 8th, and 10th days. The acute dermal toxicity of the formulations was assessed by observing the erythema, edema, and body weight (BW) of the rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The topical NE cream and gel formulations of H. rhamnoides L. (SBT) fruit oil showed significant wound-healing activity in female SD rats. The cream formulation of IPHRFH showed 78.96%, the gel showed 72.59% wound contraction on the 8th day, whereas the positive control soframycin (1% w/w framycetin) had 62.29% wound contraction on the 8th day. The formulations also showed a good acute dermal toxicity profile with no changes significantly affecting BW and dermal alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study indicate that topical NE-loaded cream and gel formulation of H. rhamnoides L. (SBT) fruit oil are safe and effective for wound healing. The formulations showed no signs of acute dermal toxicity in female SD rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cleistanthoside A on blood pressure of rats - Can vasoconstrictors help in Cleistanthus collinus poisoning?","authors":"Sajal Clarence Singh, Neetu Prince, Soosai Manickam Amirtham, Sathya Subramani","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_491_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_491_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of Punica granatum extract gel in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus in an Indian population: A clinical study.","authors":"Subharina Mahapatra, Manjula Hebbale, Amit Mhapuskar, Rajshekhar Halli, Santosh Jadhav","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_107_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_107_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The autoimmune disorder, oral lichen planus (OLP), primarily affects oral mucous membranes. Current drug treatments are only palliative and have serious side effects. Pomegranate has been used as a potential herbal remedy for the treatment of OLP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study consisted of a sample size of 30 individuals who were diagnosed with symptomatic OLP based on both clinical and histological evidence and were equally assigned to Group A (4% topical Punica granatum seed extract gel, which has been customized for this particular study purpose only) and Group B (0.1% topical steroid). All patients were evaluated for the outcome criteria of pain, burning sensation, and lesion size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, results were highly statistically significant (P = 0.001) in intragroup observation for both Group A and Group B from baseline to the end of 30 days of follow-up for all three parameters. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for each week of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>P. granatum has been used in very few studies, but this is one of the few where a gel made from P. granatum seed extract is used as an oral gel. In conclusion, it can be said that topical P. granatum extract gel is as good as topical corticosteroids at getting rid of the signs and symptoms of OLP, so it can be used as an alternative treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}