Indian Journal of Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Embracing innovations and upholding excellence in pharmacology.","authors":"Babul Kumar Bezbaruah, Debasish Hota","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1296_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1296_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of \"palliative care pharmacology\" as a new chapter in the pharmacology textbook for medical undergraduate students: A strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis.","authors":"Aditi Chaturvedi, Sandip Mukhopadhyay, Rangeel Singh Raina, Gurpreet Kaur","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_474_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_474_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Palliative care is a multidisciplinary approach aimed at improving the quality of life (QoL) and alleviating sufferings of people with serious and terminal illnesses. The present health system understands that palliative and rehabilitative services offer care to patients when cure is not possible. The concept is relatively new for most Indian graduates due to little emphasis on palliative care in the medical curriculum in India. Although palliative care has been incorporated in Universal Health Coverage in India and now also in the new competency-based medical curriculum in various subjects, including pharmacology, by the National Medical Commission, it is seldom emphasized to medical undergraduates in a structured, separate chapter. Like many other countries, it largely lacks implementation due to a lack of information and emphasis in standard textbooks. Palliative care is considered to be part of the primary healthcare system, and our budding physicians are supposed to be empowered with the prescription skills in palliative care. In the Indian scenario, this is being adopted newly in the medical training of primary care with the new medical education system. Pharmacology plays an important role in understanding the use of palliative care medicines. Palliative care pharmacology includes the use of various medications that target specific symptoms or conditions, for example, opioids such as morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone for severe pain, antiemetics to alleviate nausea and vomiting, and benzodiazepines to manage anxiety and agitation. Most of the drugs prescribed in palliative care are usually covered in pharmacology textbooks, but in a \"piecemeal.\" However, an explicit chapter on palliative care with the relevant pharmacology helps the young medicos to get sensitized to the drugs and acquire the requisite prescription skills early on the same go. \"Strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis\" is a tool for strategic planning to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as well as the existing and upcoming potential of an initiative. Palliative care, which is relatively a new concept for MBBS teaching in India, is still at a primitive stage and needs more emphasis to provide definite advantages with the changing needs of society. Here, in a fresh perspective, through this fact-based analysis we looked at competitive position of 'Pharmacology' discipline to provide the early exposure of 'palliative care' to the MBBS students through a new chapter. We also explored its current relevance and future potential. In addition, we analyzed the internal and external factors influencing this approach, including its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"58 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbamazepine-induced aplastic anemia: A rare reported adverse drug reaction.","authors":"Anjali Kushwah, Akhilesh Pratap Singh Tomar, Meghna Shinde, Preeti Acharya","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_821_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_821_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Carbamazepine is widely used drug for various neurological psychiatric disorders. Aplastic anemia is its rare serious adverse effect which possess high mortality rate. This is a retrospective case study where aplastic anemia due to carbamazepine was reported. We enquired the case details and on doing the causality assessment by World Health Organization scale, concluded it as a \"certain\" type of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) induced by carbamazepine. A 44-year-old male was taking carbamazepine prescribed for epilepsy for 2 years. For the last 4-5 months, he started having generalized weakness, easy fatiguability, shortness of breath on exertion, and pedal edema. Investigating it, further he was diagnosed with carbamazepine-induced aplastic anemia. Routine blood investigations, bone marrow findings, etiological confirmation done by treating physicians, and reporting of ADRs by pharmacologists through pharmacovigilance program may provide World Health Organization to release drug alerts so as to warrant the future use of culprit drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"58 1","pages":"74-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quiet but growing threat: Global perspectives on antifungal resistance and future therapeutic approaches.","authors":"Swathi Gurajala, Meera Challapilla","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1129_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_1129_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Antifungal drug resistance is an escalating global health concern that threatens the effective treatment of fungal infections in both clinical and environmental settings. This review synthesizes developments, focusing on molecular and physiological mechanisms of resistance, key contributing factors, and associated therapeutic limitations. Through selected international case studies over the past 5 years (2020-2025), we illustrate the clinical and ecological consequences of resistant fungal pathogens and emphasize the need for coordinated global responses. We also discuss integrated strategies to mitigate this threat, including strengthened surveillance systems, optimized antifungal stewardship, and advancements in diagnostic tools and therapeutic innovation. By consolidating recent insights and identifying critical research gaps, this review aims to inform future investigations and guide policy frameworks to combat antifungal resistance worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"58 1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of intradermal versus classical intramuscular COVID-19 vaccine administration: Specific concern on update situation due to emerging Omicron variant.","authors":"Pathum Sookaromdee, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_273_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_273_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"58 1","pages":"81-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astilbin ameliorates intestinal inflammation and suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.","authors":"Lu Han, Xiao Zhong Deng, Ya Li, Jinqing Hui","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_678_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_678_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The inflammation-responsive NLRP3 inflammasome and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) dependent signaling pathways are critically connected with inflammatory conditions and disorders such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Where phytochemicals may be added as preventive natural supplements to control CRC. In this study, we investigated whether astilbin (AST) interacted with anti-inflammatory NLRP3 and NF-κB-dependent molecular events in CRC.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The network of growth signaling redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB interacting with the NLRP3 inflammasome in CRC progression needed targeted research. AST is a flavonol reported for anti-inflammatory, immune-suppressive, and antioxidant properties, which are sought to assess CRC growth inhibition through NF-κB and NLRP3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AST was applied to HCT116 and HT-29 cells of human origin to examine cell survival, apoptosis, progression, and DNA fragmentation to determine the analysis of gene and protein expression and molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AST inhibits the proliferation of HCT116 and HT29, and both cell lines depend on IC50 values of 128 and 144 events. AST caused induction of apoptosis in CRC cells via intrinsic mechanism involving caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and caused arrest of the G2/M phase cell cycle. AST (100 μm) inhibited colony formation abilities to 54% and wound healing to 62% in both cell lines. In the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer mice, the total tumor count was reduced from 14 to 4.3 by the AST 20 mg/kg group, significantly reducing the large tumor count. AST (20 mg/kg) suppressed the colonic inflammation as shown by decreased expression of NF-κB (1.8-fold) and NLRP3 (1.5-fold) against the control (1.0-fold). AST restored colon length and histopathological changes caused by AOM/DSS. AST inhibited the production of COX-2, INOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-10, by approximately 50% at 20 mg/kg. AST suppressed intestinal tissue ASC and IL-1β NLRP3 and NF-kB by approximately 1.3 times compared to control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AST inhibited colorectal carcinoma growth by blocking the expression of NLRP3 and NF-κB and inducing an apoptotic cascade and suppressing iNOS-COX2 and IL-1β as regulators of inflammation and growth signal. This study advocates the application of phytopharmaceutical supplements for the management of colorectal carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"58 1","pages":"46-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orphan drugs: The final frontier in the fight against rare diseases.","authors":"Sandhya Rajaram, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_979_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_979_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 6","pages":"367-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12662615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylactic shock due to mefenamic acid.","authors":"Sumit Mehndiratta","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_365_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_365_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 6","pages":"417-418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12662608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding reporting of adverse events due to medical devices among healthcare workers in Gujarat.","authors":"Jonsi Tavethia, Samidh Shah, Anshul Bhadania, Shubh Mehta, Prahar Himanshubhai Darji, Kavya Darji, Kinjal Mulubhai Solanki","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_754_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_754_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding reporting adverse events due to medical devices among healthcare workers in our hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational, and questionnaire (KAP) study was conducted among healthcare professionals working in the various departments of our hospital. Healthcare professionals from different specialties who volunteered to participate in the study were enrolled. A total of 15 questions were included: 8 based on knowledge (7 scored), 2 on attitude, and 5 on practice. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel® worksheet, Chi-square, and unpaired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 370 responses were received. The knowledge of healthcare workers was found to be 73.57%. The mean score (out of 7) for doctors and paramedical staff was 5.78 ± 1.21 and 3.76 ± 1.50, respectively, indicating a wide knowledge gap between them (P < 0.05). Most healthcare workers (63%) reported witnessing fewer than 5 MDAEs. The majority (37.30%) mentioned that the cause of underreporting was a lack of knowledge. Out of all healthcare workers, 85.13% responded positively and are willing to report MDAEs in future, and most of them considered it important to report MDAEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite healthcare professionals having adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward reporting, very poor reporting of MDAEs is observed. Lack of knowledge is a significant barrier leading to underreporting, and a substantial knowledge gap among healthcare professionals is evident.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 6","pages":"409-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12662616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid nebulization to control bleeding of hemoptysis: The TXA-NEB randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Aman Agrawal, Deba Prasad Dhibar, Ajay Prakash, B C Sreedhara, Valliappan Muthu, Ashok Kumar Pannu","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_824_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_824_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) nebulization to control bleeding in hemoptysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 27 participants with hemoptysis received nebulization with TXA (500 mg/5 mL, q 8 hourly for 2 days), and 29 participants with hemoptysis received nebulization with 0.9% normal saline (5 mL, q 8 hourly for 2 days) along with the standard therapy and followed up for 8 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean percentage decrease in the frequency (63.9% vs. 39.8%, P = 0.012) and quantity (73.4% vs. 51.7%, P = 0.024) of hemoptysis was significantly higher in the TXA group compared to the control group at day 1 but was insignificant at day 2. However, after excluding participants who underwent intervention (N = 11), the improvement in frequency (76.2% vs. 50.3%, P = 0.049) and quantity (85.2% vs. 58.6%, P = 0.021) of hemoptysis was significantly better in the TXA group even at day 2. Out of 56 participants, 24 participants achieved resolution of hemoptysis, which was also significantly (P = 0.003) better in the TXA group (63.0%) compared to the control group (24.1%). No serious adverse drug reaction was observed. Minor cough (37.5%) and throat irritation (33.9%) were observed, which were comparable (P = 0.432) between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TXA nebulization, an alternative route of administration, was found to be safe. Prompt nebulization with TXA was effective as bridging therapy in hemoptysis to achieve the immediate goal of bleeding control before definitive intervention planned or performed. Further studies are encouraged to evaluate this novel approach of TXA nebulization. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov PRS ID: NCT05648656.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":"57 6","pages":"392-400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12662606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}