Indian Journal of Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Overcoming hurdles: Side effects with old drugs and achieving success with novel drug in alopecia areata.","authors":"Avita Dhiman, Dr Manju Daroach, Payal Chauhan","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_745_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_745_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoresponsive gel containing bilirubin nanoparticles exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and augmenting interleukin-10 levels in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.","authors":"Dhaval J Kamothi, Vinay Kant, Babu Lal Jangir, Munish Ahuja, Vinay G Joshi, Vinod Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_525_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_525_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Topical corticosteroids treat cutaneous inflammation but have side effects. In earlier studies, bilirubin exhibited anti-inflammatory effect, but its hydrophobicity and poor absorption limit its potential.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Synthesis of bilirubin nanoparticles (BNP) and bilirubin nanoparticles gels (BNP gel) to study the anti-inflammatory effect of topical BNP gel against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema in Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>BNP were synthesized, and BNP gels were prepared by mixing BNP of different concentrations with pluronic F-127 (PF-127). A different group for each formulation was assigned with five rats in each group. After 1 h of carrageenan (1% [w/v]) injection in each group, different gels were applied topically to their respective groups. Paw edema size, percent inflammation, percent edema inhibition, and inhibition time50 were evaluated. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and neutrophil infiltration in rat paw tissue were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hematoxylin and eosin, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Synthesized spherical-shaped BNP had negative zeta potential. BNP gels markedly reduced paw edema size and % inflammation as compared to carrageenan and bulk bilirubin gel (Bulk B gel) treated group and significantly increased IL-10 levels and inhibited neutrophil infiltration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BNP gels exhibited a better anti-inflammatory effect than bulk B gel and comparable anti-inflammatory potential with clobetasol.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedaquiline-induced psoriasiform drug eruption in a patient of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","authors":"Priyanka Kowe, Srushti Zatakia, M V Chethan, Rachita Dhurat","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_49_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_49_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does sildenafil citrate affect the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats? Screening of mechanism through analytical and molecular docking approach.","authors":"Anil P Dewani, Safia O Rab, Pankaj Tripathi, Saurabh Shrivastava, Rina Tripathi, Alok S Tripathi, Deepak S Mohale, Naheed Waseem A Sheikh, Kamlesh V Nakhat, Hitesh J Vekariya, Anil V Chandewar","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_562_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_562_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, the effect of sildenafil on the pharmacokinetics of metformin was studied in experimental rats, and we also postulated the molecular mechanism by performing molecular docking studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Analysis of metformin and sildenafil (SIL) from rat plasma was done by high performance liquid chromatography. Optimum chromatographic separation and quantification of MET, SIL and Cetirizine was achieved on Phenomenex EVO C18 column with triethyl amine (0.3%): Methanol: Acetonitrile (70:05:25 v/v) as mobile phase maintaining flow rate of 1 ml/min, the detector was tuned at 224 nm. The extraction of MET and sildenafil from rat plasma was achieved by solid-phase extraction using Strata-X cartridges. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. For docking studies, the crystal structure of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) protein and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) protein (5XJJ) were downloaded from the PubChem database. The docking study was performed by PyRx virtual screening software, and the results were analyzed by BIOVIA Discovery Studio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The validation of HPLC method was done, intraday and interday precision study of HPLC method demonstrated %RSD values less than 5%, the extraction recovery for MET and SIL were near to 80 % for low, medium and high QC samples. The plasma stability of MET and SIL showed % RSD values <10% for low, medium, and high QC samples. A sensitivity study for MET and SIL in rat plasma suggested a lower limit of quantification values of 8 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters were recorded, Cmax of experimental and control rats was 611.2 and 913.2 ng/mL; t1/2 1.66 and 1.98, AUC (0-t) 1637.5 and 2727.24, AUC (0-∞) 1832.38 and 2995.24 for MET. The results suggested that the Cmax of MET in experimental rats (MET + SIL) was 33.07% lower than the control (MET only) and also the t1/2 was 0.32 h shorter. Docking analysis suggested a higher binding affinity of sildenafil with MATE protein (5XJJ) compared to OCT1, suggesting possible involvement of MATE family proteins for pharmacokinetic alterations of MET.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HPLC and solid-phase extraction method were developed and applied successfully for the pharmacokinetics of MET and SIL. Intake of SIL altered the pharmacokinetics of MET in rats. Molecular docking studies suggested the involvement of MATE family proteins for alterations of MET pharmacokinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of chlorpyrifos oral exposure on the histomorphometric and kidney function in Wistar rat.","authors":"Elly Nurus Sakinah, Desie Dwi Wisudanti, Cholis Abrori, Supangat Supangat, Laily Rahmah Ramadhani, Indis Suyanto Putri, Galang Cahyo Pamungkas, Muhammad Hanif Arrobani, Risa Rahmadina, Pandego Wahyu Dirgantara","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_820_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_820_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chlorpyrifos belongs to a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide that has high toxicity, is metabolized in the liver by the oxidation reaction, and can inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition generates the reactive oxygen species and induces oxidative stress, which ultimately results in cellular damage like in the kidney. Examining blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, creatinine, and kidney histopathology is an appropriate indicator to assess the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the degree of damage to cells and kidney tissue.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This research used to determine the effect of duration of exposure to chlorpyrifos and dose-response relationships is important for early detection of the effects of chlorpyrifos toxicity on health. The research study was a true experimental (completely randomized design) consisting of 30 subjects divided into 5 groups. Controlled Group (K1) given 1 mg/kg BW Tween 20 and NaCl 0, 9% until the 56th day. The chlorpyrifos exposed group (P1, P2, P3, and P4) was given chlorpyrifos 5 mg/kg BW for 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. After the treatment, BUN and creatinine levels were measured, and microscopic changes in the kidney were analyzed. The results of BUN, creatinine, and kidney histopathologic were analyzed using the analysis of variance statistical test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data result showed that compared to the control group, there were significant increases of BUN and creatinine (P = 0.013 and P = 0.003). Histopathological examinations of kidney glomerulus diameter were also smaller compared to the control group (P = 0.00). All the data measurement indicates significant differences compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We concluded that sub-chronic oral exposure to chlorpyrifos at low doses can damage the kidneys and cause kidney failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of missense nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism of runt-related transcription factor-2 gene - An in silico approach.","authors":"Ragul Shiv, Rakeswari, Nilofer Farjana, Usha Subbiah, Athira Ajith, Anitha Balaji, S Mohanasatheesh","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_533_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_533_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) codes for multiple amino acids, impacting protein functions and disease prognosis. Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2), a transcription factor linked to osteoblast differentiation, regulates cell proliferation in endothelium and osteoblastic cells. Understanding Runx2's role in nonosseous tissues is rapidly advancing. This study aims to identify harmful SNPs of the RUNX2 gene that may alter disease susceptibility using computational techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study uses various in silico methods to identify nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the RUNX2 gene, which could potentially alter protein structure and functions, with further analyses by I-Mutant, ConSurf, Netsurf 3.0, GeneMANIA, and Have (y)Our Protein Explained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six missense nsSNPs were identified as potentially harmful, disease-causing, and damaging. Four were found to be unstable, while five were conserved. All six nsSNPs had a coiled secondary structure. Five nsSNPs were found to be destabilized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RUNX2 gene's deleterious missense nsSNPs were identified by this study, and they may be exploited in future experimental studies. These high-risk nsSNPs might be considered target molecules in therapeutic and diagnostic therapies in teeth and bone development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics for artificial intelligence use in clinical pharmacology.","authors":"Amnuay Kleebayoon, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_729_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_729_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkeypox: A re-emerging disease","authors":"Narinderpal Kaur, Jatin Dabar, Pallavi Bassi","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_156_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_156_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The virus known as monkeypox is the source of the zoonotic disease monkeypox, which was historically widespread in Central Africa and West Africa. The cases of monkeypox in humans are uncommon outside of West and Central Africa, but copious nonendemic nations outside of Africa have recently confirmed cases. People when interact with diseased animals, then, they may inadvertently contact monkeypox. There are two drugs in the market: brincidofovir and tecovirimat and both of these drugs are permitted for the cure of monkeypox by the US Food and Drug Administration. The present review summarizes the various parameters of monkeypox in context with transmission, signs and symptoms, histopathological and etiological changes, and possible treatment. Monkeypox is clinically similar to that of smallpox infection but epidemiologically, these two are different, the present study also signifies the main differences and similarities of monkeypox to that of other infectious diseases. As it is an emerging disease, it is important to know about the various factors related to monkeypox so as to control it on a very early stage of transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pediatric case of two Nicolau syndrome lesions following leuprolide injection in the upper extremity","authors":"Dilek Menteşoğlu, Laden Elkıran, Gökçe Işıl Kurmuş, Selda Pelin Kartal","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_743_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_743_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nicolau syndrome (NS) is a rare and unpredictable adverse reaction that can occur after the administration of certain medications. A 9-year-old girl, accompanied by her father, visited the outpatient dermatology clinic with complaints of wounds on both upper arms. Upon reviewing her medical history, it was discovered that she had been receiving leuprolide for precocious puberty, and the symptoms began after the last two injections. The patient experienced pain during the leuprolide injection, and redness and swelling were noticed in the injection area on the same day. A few days later, the redness turned into ulcers. The fact that the development of NS cannot be detected in advance and the risk of rapid progression of tissue necrosis make disease management difficult. The prognosis of NS significantly depends on the patient, and when a developing lesion is noticed early, it is crucial to minimize the risk of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-target effect of high-dose sildenafil on adenosine 5’- diphosphate and collagen-induced platelet activation through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in treated BALB/C mice and in vitro experiments: A preliminary study","authors":"Sudharshanan Balaji, Yash Raj Patnaik, William Rasican Surin","doi":"10.4103/ijp.ijp_312_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_312_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sildenafil, a common over-the-counter pill often self-administered at high doses for erectile dysfunction, has been reported to rarely cause prothrombotic events and sudden cardiac death in a few case reports. Therefore, we investigated the <em xmlns:mrws=\"http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0\">in vitro</em> and <em xmlns:mrws=\"http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0\">in vivo</em> effect of sildenafil treatment and dosage on platelet activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. BALB/C mice were segregated into four groups, each having four mice each (control, low [3.25 mg/kg], medium [6.5 mg/kg], and high [13 mg/kg] sildenafil), and after the treatment, blood was drawn from each mouse and washed platelets prepared. Washed platelets were incubated with CD41 PE-Cy7 and Phospho-p38 MAPK PE antibodies and analyzed using a flow cytometer for platelet activation and adenosine 5’- diphosphate (ADP)/collagen-induced MAPK phosphorylation. Washed platelets obtained from the venous blood of 18 human volunteers, were incubated with PAC-1 FITC and Phospho-p38 MAPK PE antibodies, and platelet activation (ADP and collagen), followed by flow cytometry analysis. There was a significant increase in both platelet activation as well as MAPK phosphorylation in the presence of collagen in the high-dose (13 mg/kg) sildenafil group (<em xmlns:mrws=\"http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0\">P</em> = 0.000774). Further, increased platelet activation was observed in samples that were treated with high-dose sildenafil as compared to the untreated samples (<em xmlns:mrws=\"http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0\">P</em> &lt; 0.00001). These studies show the risk of prothrombotic episodes in patients on high-dose sildenafil (100 mg), in those with even mild endothelial dysfunction due to ADP, and collagen-induced platelet activation through MAPK phosphorylation, which was not seen in the low-and intermediate-dose cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":13490,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}