Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Study of demographic profile, risk factor, clinical profile and microbiological profile of corneal ulcer","authors":"Raghu Gangadharappa, Chandraprabha Siddaiah, Anupriya Appandairaju","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":": To study the demographic factors, risk factors, microbiological profile and clinical course of patients with corneal ulcer presenting to Minto Regional institute of ophthalmology Bangalore.: A total of 876 patients diagnosed with infective corneal ulcer from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed for demographic profile, risk factors, clinico-microbiological profile at Minto Regional institute of ophthalmology Bengaluru. Among the 876 patients, 596 (68.04%) were male and 280 (31.96%) were females. 613(69.97%) were in the age group of 51-60 years. 85.04% belonged to low socioeconomic class. History of injury from vegetative matter was the leading cause and was seen in 264(30.14%) patients. Among the 613 (69.98%) culture positive patients, 410 (46.81%) were positive for fungi, while 203 (23.17%) were positive for bacteria. 674(76.94%) out of 876 responded to conservative management alone, while 202 (23.06%) patients required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. Fungal corneal ulcers caused by Aspergillus were the most common type, followed by bacterial corneal ulcers due to Staphylococcus aureus. Incidence of fungal corneal ulcer is very high among agricultural and industrial workers. Lack of awareness and delayed treatment leads to corneal blindness. This emphasizes the need for awareness among at risk population and also shall guide clinicians in decision making regarding empirical treatment.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To evaluate macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in semi-urban population of eastern U.P","authors":"Deepti Tiwari, Alka Gupta, Astha Trivedi, R. P. Maurya, Kumudini Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre (pRNFL) layer thickness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in semi-urban population of eastern U.P. : Cross-sectional observational study carried out on 72eyes of 42 POAG patients and 72 eyes of 36 normal individuals above 40 years from January 2023 – August 2023 in eye OPD of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki. Best corrected visual acuity, anterior segment examination, Gonioscopy, tonometry, Central corneal thickness, perimetry, fundoscopy, peripapillary RNFL and macular thickness using OCT was done in all patients. POAG patients had significantly lower mean pRNFL quadrant measurements in superior, inferior and temporal quadrants when compared with controls. 83.68 ± 13.55 vs.140.01 ± 4.53; p=0.001 for superior quadrant; 76.33 ± 12.96 vs. 141.99 ± 4.51; p=0.001 for inferior quadrant; 52.31 ± 8.67 vs. 74.36 ± 3.56; p=0.001 for temporal quadrant. Mean pRNFL thickness in the nasal quadrant was not found significant in our study (55.53±7.08 vs. 80.85±5.24; p=0.295). Significant differences in thickness in foveal, inferior outer, temporal inner and nasal inner sector between POAG and control patients (p<0.05) were found. Superior, inferior and temporal pRNFL quadrants thickness and foveal, inferior outer, temporal inner and nasal inner macular thickness were found to be the best parameters to diagnose POAG at early stage.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of cyclosporine 0.1%, rebamipide 2%, and carboxymethylcellulose-cyclosporine 0.05% combination eye drops in the management of dry eye disease among the Indian population","authors":"Abhinav Goyal, Khushboo Bansal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"This comparative research study aims to evaluate and compare the results of three different eye drop formulations of Cyclosporine 0.1%, Rebamipide 2%, and a combination of Carboxymethylcellulose & Cyclosporine 0.05%, in treating dry eye cases among the Indian population. This investigation employed a randomized controlled trial design to assess the efficacy of three distinct eye drop formulations. A total of 120 patients diagnosed with dry eye disease participated in this study. Participants were assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group C (cyclosporine 0.1%), Group R (rebamipide 2%), or Group CC (combination of carboxymethylcellulose and cyclosporine 0.05%). Patients take prescribed medication for six weeks. Patients were evaluated at baseline for tear production time (TFBUT) at two weeks, four weeks, and six weeks, tear production score using the Schirmer test, and dry eye symptoms were assessed with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). The collected data were analyzed using appropriate tests to compare the effectiveness of three eye drop formulations in treating dry eye in the Indian population. : Disease improvement compared to baseline was seen in all groups based on scoring of Schirmer's score, OSDI score, and TBUT. : All three treatment groups demonstrated improvements in tear film stability, tear production, and a reduction in dry eye symptoms over the six-week treatment period. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longer treatment durations is needed to establish the long-term efficacy and compare the effectiveness of these treatments.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating competency-based medical education in ophthalmology: Addressing challenges and charting future trajectories","authors":"Rahul Singh, Disha Chaudhary, Brijesh Kr Kushwaha, R. P. Maurya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"Based Medical Education (CBME) has emerged as a transformative approach to medical training, emphasizing skills acquisition and holistic competence over traditional knowledge retention. Ophthalmology, as a specialized field, presents unique challenges and opportunities within this framework. This article critically examines the implementation of CBME in ophthalmology, highlighting challenges faced and proposing strategies for enhancement. By addressing stakeholder perspectives and strategic interventions, this viewpoint aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of CBME's implications for ophthalmological education.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cataract surgery clinical features, treatment and operational difficulties in management of cluster endophthalmitis","authors":"R. P. Maurya, Rishabh Rathi, Rimpi Rana, Nitin Nema, Neeraj Gaur, Amisha Jain, Siddharth Patel, Abha Verma, Vaishnavi Subedaar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.006","url":null,"abstract":": Cataract surgery is the most common ophthalmic surgery performed. Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare but devastating situation for both patient and doctor. Cluster endophthalmitis is defined as five or more cases of endophthalmitis occurring on a particular day in a single operating room at one centre. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can salvage the affected eye. There are various factors that determine the prognosis in endophthalmitis. Polymicrobial etiology, family support, accessibility to health services, time-lapsed between onset of symptoms and initiation of treatment play an important role in final visual outcome.: To evaluate clinical features, management and final outcome in 64 cases of cluster endophthalmitis, and to identify the operational difficulties in managing cluster endophthalmitis in eye camp setting.: This is a retrospective study done in 64 out of 94 patients, operated for cataract surgery in an eye camp setting, who presented with features of endophthalmitis. The demographic details, clinical features at presentation and management were evaluated from medical records. Assessment of problems faced by the patients during this period was done on the basis of detailed history given by the patient. Further, the reason for these operational difficulties were discussed with camp organizers. : Out of 64 patients there were 31(48.4%) males and 33(51.6%) female. Mean age of patients was 60 ± 15.3 years. The patients presented between postoperative day 7to 30. Visual acuity of all 64(100%) patients was poor where 59(92.2%) cases ranged between hand movement to perception of light while 5(7.8%) denied perception of light. The cultures were positive in 43(67.18%) cases out of 64 patients. The cultures reported with polymicrobial etiology with fungal growth in 31(48.43%) patients while 12(18.75%) cases showed bacterial growth. Management was done on the basis of Endophthalmitis vitrectomy study (EVS) guidelines. Only 6(9.37%) cases showed improvement in vision from baseline although all 64(100%) cases showed clinical and symptomatic improvement at the time of discharge. There was delay in presentation as no patient reported in 1 postoperative week. 31(48.4%) patients reported in 2 post-operative week causing delay due to attitudinal problems. 19(29.6%) cases reported in 3 week which was due delay in transportation and 14(21.8%) cases reported in 4 week due to illiteracy and neglect.: Cluster endophthalmitis can be prevented by taking aseptic precautions. Delay in initiation of treatment results in poor visual outcome. However, quick and timely decision helps in early intervention which provides a better chance to salvage eye and vision. There are certain modifiable factors in camp surgery which should be addressed properly to improve the final outcome.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of pupillary oscillation and blinking rate between emmetropes and myopes","authors":"Shovna Dash, Soumya Kanta Mohanty, P. Sahu, Sourav Padhee","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.023","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study was to investigate for a relationship between pupillary oscillations (PO) and blinking rate (B) in various vision deprived states such as in refractive errors (Myopes).: A case control descriptive study with 340 individuals, including 220 myopes and 120 emmetropes were compared for pupillary oscillation rate (PO), blinking rate (B) and Pupillary oscillation/blinking rate (PO/B) ratio bilaterally in normal as well as in individual subgroups of decreasing visual acuity, done under slit lamp in dim diffuse illumination. The pupillary oscillation rate (PO) was 49.23± 8.80 in right eye (POR) and 56.44 ±8.95 in left eye (POL) in the control group whereas it was 46.28 ±11.55 and 52.79 ±11.22 in the right and left eyes respectively of the cases. While PO/B ratio was 12.41±14.11 in the right eye and 14.33±15.9 in the left eye in control group, it was 7.13 ± 7.86 in the right and 8.18 ±9.07 in the left eye of the cases respectively. The blinking rate (B) was 8.62 ±6.06 in the control eyes and in the cases it was 11.69 ±7.91. The comparative analysis of all of the above parameters were statistically significant with p < 0.001 between cases and controls. POR = POL in 5.0%, POR > POL in 7.50% and POR < POL in 87.50%.: This study could be useful in non-verbal patients and comatose patients as diagnostic and prognostic tool, having an implication in different refractive errors and neurological diseases.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective comparative study of conjunctival autograft (CAG) with dry amniotic membrane graft (AMG) transplantation in pterygium excision surgery","authors":"Avinash Gupta, R. S. Yadav, Ram Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":": Pterygium is a wing-shaped, fibrovascular proliferation of the bulbar conjunctiva which crosses the limbus and causes encroachment over the cornea. It is mainly treated by surgical excision. Management options for pterygium include conjunctival autografting, and the use mitomycin C, amniotic membrane graft, 5-fluorouracil, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, and β-irradiation along with excision, to avoid recurrence.: To compare the efficacy and safety of conjunctival autograft (CAG) transplantation and dry amniotic membrane graft (AMG) transplantation in pterygium excision surgery.: Prospective comparative study.: The study was done on 43 eyes of 43 patients. CAG was transplanted on 23 patients & dry AMG was transplanted on 20 patients. All patients were followed up on day 1, day 7, 1 month and 6 months post operatively. On each visit pterygium recurrence, graft retraction, necrosis and visual outcomes were noted from all the patients.: Fisher exact test.: 28(65%) were males while 15(35%) were females. Most of the patients were <40 years of age. During the follow up period, best corrected visual acuity of 3(7%) patients remained same and improved in 40(93%) patients. CAG group had 2(8.69%) while dry AMG group had 4(20%) recurrences (p value = 0.39, non-significant).: Although both the groups showed low recurrence rate but recurrence rate was more in dry AMG group as compared to conjunctival autograft group.: AMG is not always the best option for treating pterygium, but in some situations—such as those with extensive pterygium, conjunctival scarring etc.—it may be more advantageous for the patient.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent conjunctival papilloma: Case report","authors":"Yashi Bansal, S. Bandhu, Umesh Sharma, Harkirat Kaur Sandhu, Samreen Kaur","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.035","url":null,"abstract":"Papilloma is a histopathological term describing specific morphology of tumors. Conjunctival papilloma is a benign growth that arises from the stratified squamous epithelium of the conjunctiva. Two cases of recurrent conjunctival papilloma who were operated and adjunctive therapy given are presented here. Both the cases had history of recurrence of conjunctival papilloma following excision. The extent of papilloma was different in both the cases. One case has minimal symptoms and lesion the inferior quadrant while the other was symptomatic in form of diminution of vision, watering, forgien body sensation, photophobia and blepharospasm with alesion extending 270 degrees of limbal area and covering whole of the cornea. The management was same in both the cases : excisional biopsy in both the eyes under local anaesthesia, intraoperative crotherapy and use of mitomycin C and post operative use of chloramphenicol and mitomycin c eye drops. Various treatment modalities have been described for management of conjunctival papilloma. These comprise conservative management, topical use of interferon alpha 2b, excisional biopsy and use of adjunctive treatment such as carbon dioxide laser, cryoablation and application of mitomycin C to prevent recurrence. This patient was managed with excisional biopsy along with adjunctive treatment in form of cryoablation and mitomycin c application to prevent recurrence.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is amblyopia of any severity fully treatable, irrespective of a patient’s age?","authors":"Sameera Irfan, Nausherwan Aadil, R. P. Maurya, Mohammad Saqib","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":": : To find out the level of visual improvement and the time it takes in amblyopia of any severity. : To find out whether the level of visual improvement is influenced by a patient's age at presentation. : To note whether the level of visual recovery is influenced by previous amblyopia therapy. To note any regression of visual acuity with time after initial improvement by therapy. To note complications of full-time occlusion therapy, especially occlusion amblyopia.: In a prospective interventional study, 1701 consecutive cases with poor vision were included irrespective of a patient’s age. After wearing refractive correction for 8-12 weeks and no further improvement in the BCVA, amblyopia therapy was started comprising of full-time patching of the good eye along with active use of the amblyopic eye by reading and writing at least 6 hours daily. Regular two weekly follow-ups were conducted. The endpoint of therapy was achieving a BCVA equal to that of the good eye. A regular post-patching follow-up was conducted for 1-3 years. Statistical analysis comparing the visual acuity at the start and the end of therapy was performed by a paired t-test for each group. : There were 896 male and 805 female cases. 1383 cases (81.3%) had previously failed amblyopia therapy. 49 cases (2.9%) dropped out of the study due to poor compliance with therapy or an incomplete follow-up. For a simplified analysis of results, the 1701 cases were divided into three age groups: Group A: age 4-7 years (473 cases), Group B: age 8-12 years (618 cases) and Group C: age 13-46 years (610 cases). The overall success in Group A and B cases was 98% and 96.9% in Group C cases. Full visual recovery is possible in amblyopia of any severity and age. The age of a patient at presentation should not preclude therapy.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) most common complication compare with diet or without diet","authors":"S. K. Sah, R. Gurung, Shrban Sah, Tinku Mukherjee","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is usually done when the patient is on an empty stomach. In case, if the patient is not, their FFA is rescheduled for the next day to avoid the risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the complications in patients who had undergone an FFA procedure on an empty stomach to those who had breakfast immediately before the procedure. In this study, 210 participants underwent FFA, of which 104 were fasting, and 106 had breakfast just before their procedure. In these two populations, we compare the immediate and post-procedure complications.: Patients who had FFA on an empty stomach were more likely to experience nausea and vomiting (11.32% vs 7.69%), skin allergies (1.89% vs 1.92%), and unconsciousness (0.94% vs 2.88%). In either the fasting or control groups, no complications were statistically significant (P>0.05). FFA is generally a safe procedure, however, previous studies have observed increased adverse events with people on empty stomachs. In individuals with various systemic disorders and diets, our study found no increase in adverse effects. Consequently, FFA shouldn’t be postponed in these individuals who are not on a diet or who have systemic co-morbidities.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}