{"title":"Optimal design of the wireless charging electric vehicle","authors":"Y. Jang, Y. Ko, Seungmin Jeong","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183294","url":null,"abstract":"The On-Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV) is an electric vehicle system is that utilizes the innovative wireless charging solution developed at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in South Korea. The OLEV system consists of vehicles and road-embedded power transmitters. The battery in the vehicle is charged remotely from the transmitters buried under the road and the charge can be done even while the vehicle is moving. The prototype of the OLEV has been successfully developed and the process of developing a commercial version is in progress. The OLEV has been considered as one of the leading green mass transportation solutions in Seoul. The key issue in the commercialization of the OLEV is to determine the battery size and the allocation of the power transmitters on the route. This paper describes a method of allocating the power transmitters and evaluating the battery size using a mathematical optimization technique. Although the presented method is motivated from the actual design issue of the OLEV, the concept and approach can be applied to any electric vehicle system utilizing a wireless charging technology.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116645891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A methodology to determine drivetrain efficiency based on external environment","authors":"R. Shankar, J. Marco, F. Assadian","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183192","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a statistical method for establishing the efficiency of the drivetrain under different real-world usage conditions has been proposed. The method is based on real-world driving data from an electric vehicle (EV) trial conducted in the UK. It was found that the external environment (road-type and traffic) causes distinct operating regions in the drivetrain. This paper makes use of a neural network to predict the road-type and introduces two new variables (start-stop index and congestion index) to establish the external environment. Based on this external environment a new metric called frequency weighted distribution is introduced to evaluate the performance of the drivetrain. This methodology of design based on the driving environment is of importance to newer advanced powertrains such as hybrids and EVs. The end result would be a design which caters to a specific usage profile.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127341471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SUPRA: Supply underground power to running automobiles: Electric Vehicle on Electrified Roadway exploiting RF displacement current through a pair of spinning tires","authors":"M. Hanazawa, N. Sakai, T. Ohira","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183164","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an experimental RF characterization for a proof of concept called \"Electric Vehicle on Electrified Roadway (EVER)\", where the energy is fed through dielectric coupling between a steel belt in a tire and a metal plate laid under the road surface. We first put a round aluminum plate of 1,000 mm in diameter directly under a tire whose inner surface is covered with a copper tape. This structure is regarded as an electrical one-port circuit having two electrodes. An RF impedance analyzer is connected between the copper tape and the aluminum plate. Measured complex impedance at frequency 1 MHz exhibits 700 ohm in real and -2000 ohm in imaginary. Based on this result, we then proceeded to experiments with a more pragmatic configuration having a pair of wheels set up on a pair of rectangular ground metal plates of 2,000 mm × 1,000 mm. This one is regarded as a two-port RF network having four electrodes. Applying an RF network analyzer, the two ground plates are excited with a sinusoidal wave in the differential mode, and the RF voltage is detected between the tires. Transmission coefficient successfully achieved -1.0 dB at 1 MHz and -2.5 dB at 13.56 MHz. They are equivalent to 80 % and 55 % respectively in power transfer efficiency. We conclude that this is a major step to pave the way toward a promising solution of electric vehicle on electrified roadway.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124993575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A bi-directional DC-DC converter with overlapping input and output voltage ranges and vehicle to grid energy transfer capability","authors":"M. A. Khan, I. Husain, Y. Sozer","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183258","url":null,"abstract":"A bi-directional buck-boost DC-DC converter is presented for vehicle charging as well as vehicle to grid (V2G) energy transfer. The chosen cascaded buck-boost topology allows overlapping input and output voltage ranges and a higher intermediate DC bus voltage where the electric drivetrain traction inverter can be connected. The intermediate DC-link capacitor voltage is varied to improve the transient performance of the converter. The reference voltage of this capacitor is set based on the input and output voltage levels, and the power demand. Experimental results have shown that with its modularity, control flexibility and transient performance the converter is a viable candidate for vehicle-to-grid energy transfer.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125303079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Operating electric taxi fleets: A new dispatching strategy with charging plans","authors":"Jun-Li Lu, Mi-Yen Yeh, Yu-Ching Hsu, Shun-Neng Yang, Chai-Hien Gan, Ming-Syan Chen","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183233","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a dispatching strategy with charging plans upon the client requests for a commercial fleet of pure electric taxis. To boost the green industry, promoting the development of electrical vehicles is one of the most important policies of many governments. In a new scenario that the commercial taxi fleets run electrical vehicles as the main transportation, traditional dispatching policies for general gasoline taxis are no longer effective. It is because those policies do not need to consider the newly generated issues for the electrical vehicles such as the endurance and the related charging problems when dispatching them. In addition, taxi drivers may doubt whether their working hours would be occupied by the possibly long waiting time of power recharging and thus decrease the chances to carry clients. To overcome the above issues, this paper proposes a new dispatching policy in consideration of the taxi demand, the remaining power of electrical taxis, and the availability of battery charging/switching stations in order to lower the waiting time of power recharging and thus increase the workable hours for taxi drivers. Simulation results show that our dispatching strategy can effectively reduce the waiting time for charging and increase the chances of taking clients compared to some random dispatching strategy.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125504569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A fast battery charger topology for charging of electric vehicles","authors":"A. Yilmaz, M. Badawi, Y. Sozer, I. Husain","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183249","url":null,"abstract":"A parallel power conversion based fast battery charger topology for electric vehicles is presented in this study. The proposed topology has high system efficiency as well as reduced converter size. The proposed topology also provides wider range of duty ratio compared to conventional topologies. The enhancements of the proposed topology are evaluated and the results are demonstrated through an example design.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A methodology to assess the State of Health of lithium-ion batteries based on the battery's parameters and a Fuzzy Logic System","authors":"A. Zenati, P. Desprez, H. Razik, S. Rael","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183268","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology used to assess the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries. This methodology can be readily embedded in all battery management devices including the electronics for electric vehicles. The smart estimation method is based on a Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) and two calculated battery's parameters. Therefore it enhances the SOH value based primarily on both the calendar and the cycling life. The FLS is constructed by using only the temperature and the absolute value of the current that the battery sustains. Finally, through the experiments, obtained results for both a new and an aged battery demonstrate the accuracy of the methodology and how it can improve the battery's lifespan.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123005945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gharbaoui, L. Valcarenghi, R. Brunoi, B. Martini, M. Conti, P. Castoldi
{"title":"An advanced smart management system for electric vehicle recharge","authors":"M. Gharbaoui, L. Valcarenghi, R. Brunoi, B. Martini, M. Conti, P. Castoldi","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183171","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies about climate change are mandating a drastic reduction of green house gas (GHG) emissions. Solutions include the utilization of renewable energy sources (e.g., wind, solar energy) and the increased utilization of hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs). In this scenario ICT can play a significant role by fostering the smart utilization of current energy and transportation infrastructures (smart grid and smart cities). This paper presents a new ICT infrastructure to enable the intelligent exploitation of distributed energy resources in order to minimize the EV charging times while optimizing the efficiency of the electrical infrastructure. The proposed system is based on a distributed communication infrastructure (both wired and wireless) aimed at collecting/emitting bidirectional energy dispatching opportunities for electric vehicles. The envisaged system seamlessly interconnects emerging self-organizing wireless technologies (i.e., VANETs and Wireless Mesh Networks), with legacy wired communication technologies, to guarantee a fast rollout of the EV charging service with minimum investments in communication infrastructures. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated in terms of its sustainability by analyzing the quality of the charging service as perceived by the users, and the capability of the charging infrastructure to meet the charging requests in a timely manner.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129619175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Vindel, S. Haghbin, A. Rabiei, O. Carlson, R. Ghorbani
{"title":"Field-oriented control of a PMSM drive system using the dSPACE controller","authors":"D. Vindel, S. Haghbin, A. Rabiei, O. Carlson, R. Ghorbani","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183206","url":null,"abstract":"Field-oriented control (FOC) of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is one of the widely used scheme in drive system application. Moreover, in some high performance applications, the rotor position information is needed that can be measured by a resolver for example. A drive system is designed and explained based on the FOC of a PMSM using the dSPACE controller. A resolver sensor is used for the position measurement in the system. Simulation and practical implementation results are presented to verify the proper operation of the drive system that is a speed controller in this case.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129008127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal charging of ultracapacitors during regenerative braking","authors":"Y. Parvini, A. Vahidi","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2012.6183291","url":null,"abstract":"Finding the optimal charging profile of an ultra-capacitor energy storage system during a regenerative braking event is the focus of this paper. After showing that resistive losses can be high during a high power regeneration event, we formulate the charging problem in an optimal control framework with the objective of maximizing the energy recuperated into the ultracapacitor bank while satisfying braking power demands. We employ Pontryagin's maximum principle to understand the necessary conditions the solution should satisfy and use numerical techniques to find such optimal solution(s). The result should provide more insight into the maximum achievable regeneration efficiency with ultracapacitors under different braking conditions and can also aid in sizing an ultracapacitor energy storage system and the associated power electronics device.","PeriodicalId":134818,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129042585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}