Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)最新文献

{"title":"Value of interdisciplinary approach in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, and tooth loss: Narrative review","authors":"S. Sangappa, H. Babu, Sona Chacko, A. Jithendra, M. Kenkere","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_527_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_527_22","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) Type 2 and periodontitis have been studied for several years. In this review, the bidirectional effects on both these chronic inflammatory diseases have been evaluated. Both the diseases are known to exacerbate the pathophysiology of each other and reduce the quality of life of individuals suffering from these conditions with added risk factors. Increased blood sugar levels act adversely on dental plaque and the immune system causing inflammation leading to periodontitis and bone loss which in turn affects insulin sensitivity. Identifying and treating one of these conditions will help in reducing the severity of the other. Literature search was performed from electronic databases through PubMed and Scopus of articles published since 1996–April 2022. We included the research studies toward studies relating to the importance of collaborative approach in the management of periodontal conditions in subjects with Type 2 DM as a major criterion among population globally. This article shows the significance of why dentists and physicians should collaborate with each other for managing the periodontal and diabetic conditions of the patients. Both the diseases can be immensely improved if the providers are knowledgeable about the concept and a team approach is utilized.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85993643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary total knee replacement without drain: A good and safe practice to inculcate","authors":"S. Thakur, Suresh S Choudhary, Mukesh Kumar, R. Hiremath, K. Jaidev, Rohini VK, Monika Sharma, Sisir Raut, Hardewa Ram","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_383_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_383_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The use of drain in primary total knee replacement (TKR) started with the belief that it prevents hematoma formation and infection. The fear of infection made this practice an essential step that enjoyed a long journey. However, in recent years, majority of evidence-based studies have not only been failed to provide substantial benefits of the drain but also have proven this a counterproductive step. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to assess the outcome of performing primary TKR without the use of a drain. METHODOLOGY: After meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, a prospective observational study was conducted on 186 patients (191 knees) who underwent primary cemented total knee arthroplasty without the use of drain from September 2018 to March 2020 and were followed up for one year. Surgery was performed under tourniquet, bleeders were electro cauterized, and injection tranexamic acid was used to control bleeding. A good preoperative screening for foci of infection, tight glycemic control for diabetics, part preparation, prophylactic antibiotics, and gentle handling of soft tissue was ensured to control infection. Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis was instituted after risk stratification. Ambulation and physiotherapy were started as per protocol. The clinical parameters such as pain score and range of motion (ROM) were measured by a physiotherapist. Postoperative hemoglobin (Post Op Hb) and requirement of dressing change/reinforcement were monitored by the ward nurse. Aspiration of the knee if required was done by the treating surgeon. RESULTS: Post Op Hb drop was insignificant and none of the patients required blood transfusion. Tense arthrocoele, requiring rescue analgesia, were found in 5(2.6%) patients which responded well with knee aspiration. There was significant improvement (P < 00001) in pain score and the targeted ROM were achieved in 3 weeks' postoperative. Although ecchymosis was a common finding (20.4%), it did not require special attention. Blisters developed in six patients which were managed by antibiotic-impregnated paraffin dressing. Wound healing was not delayed in any patient. None of the patients acquired infection. CONCLUSION: Performing primary TKR without drain is a safe practice to exercise as it neither increases the risk of infection nor poses a significant threat of blood loss and blood transfusion. The presence of arthrocoele in postoperative period does not compromise short term clinical and functional outcomes. The incidence of developing tense hemarthrosis is very less and if aspirated, relieves patient's discomfort and aborts the surgeon's fear of infection. Moreover, not only the cost of drain and utilization of workforce is saved but the question of caring for the drain and its complications also ends.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90519424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of efficacy of 0.1% of chlorine dioxide mouthwash against oral malodor – A pilot study","authors":"Prajakta Brahmankar, Shweta S. Hugar, Vinayak Kumbhojkar, Neelamma Shetti","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_73_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_73_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Oral malodor, also known as halitosis or bad breath can be defined as an offensive odor that emerges from the oral cavity and can be easily detected by others. The etiology of halitosis is multifactorial and can include several intra- and extraoral factors such as gingivitis, periodontitis, chronic sinusitis, nasal inflammation, diabetes mellitus, lung carcinoma, liver insufficiency, cirrhosis, uremia, trimethylaminuria, and postnasal drip. Chlorine dioxide associated with chlorite anion results in the oxidative consumption of amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, which are precursors of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). Thus, it can reduce the concentrations of VSCs which help in the reduction of oral malodor. Due to the lesser availability of literature to prove the effectiveness of this chlorine dioxide formula, this study is conducted to evaluate the inhibiting effect of commercially available chlorine dioxide-containing mouthwash – FRESHCLOR to combat oral malodor in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted among the patients reporting at the outpatient department of periodontics who visited with the chief complaint of bad breath and bleeding gums at KAHER'S VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi. Patients were selected according to inclusion criteria and divided into test and control groups. Post scaling Freshclor mouthwash was distributed to all test group participants. The organoleptic ratings for halitosis, gingival index (given by Loe H and Silness J, 1963), and plaque index (given by Loe H and Silness J, 1964) were recorded at baseline and 2 weeks for the group. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant reduction in halitosis with a reduction of gingival and plaque indices at 2 weeks from baseline in the test group. CONCLUSION: With the results, it can be concluded that chlorine dioxide-containing mouthwash – freshclor is effective in reducing halitosis.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80063086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with cardiac disease attending a tertiary care hospital: A prospective observational study","authors":"Hema S Patil, Jyothi Kotireddy, Abhijeet Shitole, SATYAJEET SANJAY PATIL","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_393_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_393_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in women with cardiac disease is associated with an increased risk for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and the present study evaluated maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by cardiac disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational prospective study was conducted among 105 pregnant women with cardiac disease attending a tertiary care hospital from February 1, 2017, to January 31, 2018, and followed 30 days postpartum. Data on maternal and gestational age, nature of the underlying cardiac lesion, comorbidities, cardiac intervention, and medication were recorded. Up until 28 weeks, the patients were checked every 2 weeks by an obstetrician and a cardiologist, then weekly until birth. Age groups, cardiac lesion, and maternal and fetal outcomes were presented as frequency, and proportion was analyzed using coGuide software, V.1.0 was used for statistical analysis BDSS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RESULTS: Out of 101 subjects, 98 (97.03%) were aged 18–35 years, 75 (74.3%) participants had K/C/O cardiac disease, and in 24 (23.8%) subjects, rheumatic heart disease with isolated mitral stenosis was the predominant cardiac problem. Twenty-two (21%) subjects had undergone surgical correction before to pregnancy, and 6 (8%) patients had cardiac complications, among which 1 (2.9%) had pulmonary edema. Maternal death was noted in 4 patients (3.6%). The incidence of cases with small for gestational age was noted in 36 (35.6%) patients, fresh stillbirth in 1 (2.9%), macerated stillbirth in 1 (2.9%), and neonatal death was noted in 1 (2.9%) patients. Twenty-six (25.7%) participants were diagnosed for the first time with cardiac disease. CONCLUSIONS: Heart disease is linked to an increased risk of severe maternal and perinatal outcomes, such as maternal and fetal death and morbidity, among pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78218847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of near-miss events and its impact among medical students using bikes and cars in Chennai: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Janakiram Marimuthu, S. Pravinraj","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_134_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_134_22","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: The WHO's Global Status Report on road safety 2015 indicates that worldwide the total number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic fatality rates in low-income countries. Urgent action is needed to achieve the determined target for road safety, reflected in the newly adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (goals 3 and 11), and halving the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. AIM: This present study aims to estimate the prevalence of near-miss events among medical students using bikes and cars in Chennai. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 300 undergraduate and postgraduate medical students who were studying at the Government Medical College of Chennai were included in this cross-sectional study. A predesigned semi structured validated questionnaire was used to collect the data from the participants and was analysis was done. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: In this study, the data analyzed were qualitative data. Chi-square test was used to test the significance. Analysis was done using SPSS version 17. RESULTS: More than half of the students (61.7%) participated in the study belonged to the age group 17–21 years and were pursuing 2nd year of MBBS. The prevalence of near-miss among medical students was found to be 56.3%. This study revealed that many students had been involved in the near-miss events due to violations of traffic rules and regulations. Most of the students showed corrective behavior after previous near-miss experiences to avoid road traffic accidents.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73706140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of serum uric acid in patients of acute myocardial infarction","authors":"D. Mishra, R. Singh, H. Prasad, Anuj Dwivedi","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_171_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_171_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), often known as a heart attack, is a medical emergency that is the top cause of mortality for both men and women worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that it is caused by the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot, also known as coronary thrombosis. Due to the regional impending of blood supply, heart muscles become damaged. Uric acid has been shown in large cohort studies to be an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. As serum uric acid (SUA) is an early predictor hence study will help to devise a better remedy for AMI. AIM: This study aims to study the levels of SUA in patients with AMI as compared to the control. OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study is to examine SUA levels in patients with AMI and to correlate uric acid levels with associated mortality in AMI. The secondary goal is to predict AMI early diagnosis, better management and treatment, and prognosis. METHODS: The current study was conducted at the department of biochemistry and the central investigation laboratory at our institute, in partnership with the department of medicine, intense cardiac care units, medical intensive care units, and emergency and private hospitals. A total of 100 patients were investigated. There were 50 instances of AMI and 50 age-matched healthy controls. The Microlab 300 analyzers (semi-autoanalyzer) were used to assess SUA concentrations, and the comparisons between the two groups were examined using an unpaired t-test. A P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. RESULTS: There was a substantial rise in the mean level of SUA in cases on the 0, 3rd, and 7th days were 8.503 + 2.976 mg/dl, 5.472 + 2.683 mg/dl, and 4.992 + 1.707 mg/dl day, respectively, which were higher than controls group (3.976 + 0.947 mg/dl). Comparison between control and AMI SUA on 0 and 3rd days was found to be more significant than the 7th day. There was a substantial rise in blood uric acid levels in cases when compared to healthy controls (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Thus, the study shows that blood uric acid levels play a significant role in the diagnosis and therapy of AMI.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80845306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices of rational use of medicines among the postgraduate residents of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North Karnataka: A facility-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Nishtha Malhotra, M. Shivaswamy","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_80_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_80_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The overuse, underuse, or misuse of medicines by the postgraduate residents results in wastage of scarce resources and widespread health hazards. “Rational use of medicines” (RUMs) would bring health care within the reach of the poor by reducing costs. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of RUMs among the postgraduate residents of a tertiary care teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months (November 2019–April 2020). With the help of universal sampling, a self-developed, prevalidated, semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 200 residents, to obtain information about the knowledge, attitude, and practice of RUM. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants after explaining to them about the study. RESULTS: About 92.5% of the participants were aware of the term “RUM” and 84% were aware of the term “Essential Medicines.” Sixty-one percent of the residents had good knowledge about RUM, and 51% had good practice of RUM. Logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant results that postgraduate students of the nonsurgical departments were more likely to have good knowledge and practice RUM than postgraduates of the surgical departments. Juniors (1st Year postgraduate residents) among the postgraduates also seemed to have an increased likelihood of practicing RUM. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge gap and lack of good practice of RUM observed among the postgraduates can be reduced by imparting education regarding RUM more efficiently in the medical colleges, to inculcate it into daily clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87686464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of functional disability in cervical radiculopathy patients","authors":"Prachi Sathe, Shreya Singh, A. Sathe, DVijay Kumar","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_163_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_163_22","url":null,"abstract":"AIM: The main aim of this study was to evaluate functional disability in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Our second aim was to compare neck disability between males and females. METHODS: The study included 35 participants of both sexes, in which 21 were female and 14 male. We have used three scales for the evaluation of neck disability: (1) Cervical radiculopathy Impact Scale (CRIS), (2) Neck Pain and Disability (NPAD) Scale, and (3) Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability (CNFD) Scale. RESULTS: The mean scores of CRIS were 14.35 ± 15.59 in males and 33.22 ± 17.58 in females. The NPAD Scale scores were 14.35 ± 15.59 in males and 33.22 ± 17.58 in females. The mean scores of the CNFD Scale were 7.92 ± 5.56 in males and 13.50 ± 5.61 in females. All three scales showed a significant difference between the scores of the two genders, indicating more disability in female patients as compared with the male patients. CONCLUSION: Our results showed 26.22% and 25.88% disability as per CRIS and Neck Pain and Disability Scale, respectively. We found mild-to-moderate disability in our subjects according to the CNFD Scale. The study concluded that females have more disability in cervical radiculopathy as compared to males.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82863317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the validity of the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 for “anesthetic agents” in 2022: An observational cost analysis","authors":"H. Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_464_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_464_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The concept of essential medicines (EMs) was introduced in 1977 by the World Health Organization. The most recent National List of EMs (NLEM) is the NLEM 2015, comprising 376 drugs. The following study was undertaken due to the lack of similar studies conducted on anesthetic agents and aims at evaluating “Section 1 – anesthetic agents” of NLEM 2015 and the relevance of EMs in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study takes into account the drugs under Section 1 anesthetic agents. Data were collected from MedGuideIndia, a database of medicines marketed in India. Both cost ratio and percentage cost variations were calculated. RESULTS: Under Section 1 – anesthetic agents, atropine 1 ml injection (0.6 mg/1 ml) at 654.72% and lignocaine + adrenaline 30 ml injection has the lowest percentage cost variation at 6.26%. It was identified in the current study that the average percentage cost variation and cost ratio of all the 24 variations of the drugs is 164.51% and 2.64%, respectively. 1.3 – preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures have the highest price variation drug, atropine and 1.2 – local anesthetics have the lowest price variation drug, lignocaine + adrenaline. CONCLUSION: This study mainly discusses the large price variations comparing the lower versus the higher priced branded variants under Section 1 anesthetic agents. Appropriate physician education is required and newer pricing regulations require enforcement.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83381936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need for microlevel reforms to promote research studies by medical college faculties and students","authors":"G. Velhal","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_61_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_61_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74369459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}