Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)最新文献

{"title":"A brief overview of various vaccines against nCOVID19, including safety, efficacy, reported cases, clinical trials, and progress","authors":"Sumel Ashique, Shubneesh Kumar, H. Kumar, Jayita Roy, S. Pal, Swagata Pal","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_505_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_505_22","url":null,"abstract":"Even if many countries are against it since vaccinations are not readily available, industrialized countries continue to make some vaccines designated under the World Health Organization's emergency use listing mandatory for entry into their countries. The first half of 2021 has seen the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in several countries, after the exceptional speed of vaccine development and testing in 2020. Using keywords in online databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase, this systematic search was carried out. The findings were collected into a report. We were unable to do an adequate human study because we included so many different kinds of vaccinations. A look at current vaccination-controlled trials and actual facts on immunization success is also presented. The efficacy of new vaccines is continually being tested in ongoing vaccine trials. Increasing the alternatives for global vaccine production to manufacture sufficient vaccine shots for international usage and to enhance the statistics for the potential utility of various vaccination platforms in forthcoming pandemics are also a result of this.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"1 1","pages":"13 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90176580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative photoelastic stress analysis between all-on-four implant-supported cobalt-chromium framework and carbon fiber reinforced framework with varying cantilever lengths - An in vitro study","authors":"Rutvik A Shah, Anandkumar G. Patil, A. Deshpande, Swapnil B Shankargouda","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_57_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_57_22","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: In implant prosthodontics, metal frameworks are used to rigidly spilt the implants together to provide rigidity and stiffness to the prosthesis. However, due to the limitations associated with the metal framework fabrication, the recent advances have made it possible to fabricate metal-free implant-supported prostheses using fiber-reinforced composite frameworks. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate and compare photoelastic stresses between all-on-four implant-supported cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) framework and the carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRC) framework at varying cantilever lengths. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two photoelastic models of an edentulous mandible were fabricated according to the all-on-four concept. Following this, frameworks with a bilateral cantilever extension of 20 mm, one with CFRC and the other with Co-Cr, were fabricated and were subjected to a progressive load of 120–180 N with an interval of 20 N. The principal stresses (σ) were calculated using the mean maximum fringe order. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The quantitative analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U-test, P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The CFRC framework showed mean principal stress values significantly lower than the Co-Cr framework under all loading conditions; however, deformation of the framework was observed at the cantilever lengths of 15 mm and 20 mm. CONCLUSION: The study and its findings have indicated that the CFRC framework appears suitable for the fabrication of a framework for an “All-on-four” prosthesis. Within the confines of this study, the use of 10 mm as an arbitrary cantilever length recommendation for the CFRC framework and 15 mm for the Co-Cr framework seems reasonable.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"29 1","pages":"60 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83613828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial effects of a licorice gel and chlorhexidine gel on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetamcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia – An in vitro study","authors":"Alpana Andrews, Neelamma Shetti","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_13_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_13_22","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Periodontitis is known to cause inflammation and progressive breakdown of tooth-supporting structures. The treatment for periodontitis includes scaling and root planing that effectively removes the disease causing plaque and antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) used as an adjunct to maintain the healthy state of tissues. However, these antimicrobial agents have unpleasant side effects that have led researchers toward discovering, isolating, and developing natural herbal plant extracts as effective antimicrobial agents. Hence, the purpose of the study was to assess and compare the antimicrobial activity of the one such herbal plant extract Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) gel and CHX gel on periopathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hydroalcoholic root extract of G. glabra (licorice) was prepared through maceration, evaporation, and lyophilization to obtain dried crude extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the G. glabra extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia were determined using broth dilution method and streaking on blood agar plates. The gel was then prepared accordingly using Carbopol 940. The antibacterial activity of the prepared G. glabra gel was tested and compared to CHX gel using the agar well diffusion assay. RESULTS: The MIC of G. glabra extract was found to be 15 mg against A. actinomycetamcomitans and T. forsythia and 7.5 mg against P. gingivalis. The MBC of the G. glabra extract was 30 mg for all three organisms. The antibacterial effects of the prepared licorice gel were assessed using agar well diffusion assay, and it showed that 100 μl of prepared licorice gel had a greater effect on A. actinomycetamcomitans and T. forsythia but not P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION: Licorice extract showed inhibitory activity against P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetamcomitans, and T. forsythia.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"3 1","pages":"48 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87551865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a ban on liquor sales benefit alcohol dependence patients? A study on usage and procurement of alcohol during the COVID-19 lockdown","authors":"Naren Rajendran, K. Sureshkumar, S. Kailash, Sivabackiya Chitravelu, Niha Rumaisa","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_489_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_489_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Restricting the availability of alcohol in “dry states” and during the COVID-19 lockdown reveal illegal trading and consumption of illicit liquor leading to deaths and use of alternate harmful substances. The current study aims to fill the gaps in the literature to study alcohol usage and its procurement during its complete ban of sale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of purposively sampled alcohol-dependent patients (n = 62) was conducted in an OPD setting, comparing two time periods: before and during total lockdown 2020. After reinforcing confidentiality and privacy, data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Alcohol usage during the lockdown was positively related to severity of alcohol dependence syndrome (r = 0.67, P = 0.00), quantity of alcohol consumed (r = 0.59, P = 0.00), and its cost of procurement (r = 0.43, P = 0.00) before lockdown. During the lockdown, the proportion of consuming alcohol more than or equal to 90 units weekly significantly decreased (Pearson Chi-square = 4.12, P = 0.04) and their predicting factors are rural residential location, moderate-income bracket, low socioeconomic class, and severe alcohol dependence. Furthermore, a significant increase in the proportion of procuring alcohol from the black market or used illicit liquor was observed (Fisher's exact test P = 0.00) with higher odds being associated with illegal procurement before lockdown (odds ratio = 22.00; 95% confidence interval = 3.93–123.28; P = 0.00). Increased use of alternate substances such as nicotine (37.1%) and cannabis (9.7%) during the lockdown was also observed. CONCLUSION: Although alcohol consumed did not significantly differ, illegal sources and money spent on procurement increased during the lockdown. Thus, a legal ban of liquor sales did not benefit alcohol dependence patients, and such restriction availability strategies may benefit from health awareness, treatment, and psychosocial support.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"36 1","pages":"130 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89724239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human monkeypox pandemic in 2022","authors":"Rathinasamy Muthusami, K. Saritha","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_526_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_526_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"35 1","pages":"7 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77202445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological profile among young patients (≤45 years) suffering from acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care center in Goa","authors":"Shubham Kumar, Bhargav Dessai","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_413_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_413_22","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing among the young population in India. Change in lifestyle is the main reason for such an increase in prevalence. Although MI in young is less severe than in old patients, it causes a significant morbidity to the individual. Young MI has the potential of being a major public health problem in our country and its complications can cause major morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is necessary to understand the prevalence of risk factors in order to improve our strategies for the prevention and management of young MI. AIM: To study profile of young patients (≤45 years) suffering from acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care centre in Goa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective record-based study was conducted on patients aged ≤45 years who suffered from ST-elevation MI and were admitted in Goa Medical College, Bambolim, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Data on anthropometric measurements, demographic characteristics, clinical profile, hospital stay, complications, and other details were extracted from these records. RESULTS: Among the 176 patients, 73 (42%) patients consumed alcohol, 116 (66%) were current smokers, 48 (28%) were diagnosed with hypertension (HTN), 92 (48%) were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, and 34 (20%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the patients, 36 (21%) had a history of coronary artery disease and 56 (32%) had a history of HTN. Fifty-three (30%) had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the family; among them, 27 had diabetes and 10 were prediabetic. Fifty-six (31%) participants were admitted for >7 days following MI. Forty-eight (27%) had complications post-MI. Trend analysis showed a significant association of complications and increased hospital stay with type 2 DM (T2DM), HTN, smoking, and dyslipidemia (P < 0.05). Most of the patients 91% of T2DM, 90% of hypertensives, and 83% of patients suffering from dyslipidemia were diagnosed after they were admitted with MI. CONCLUSION: As we already know that the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is already rising in the general population, there is also an alarming rising trend of IHD in young people too. This study provides the prevalence of assorted risk factors in young MI. The rising trend of complications with an increase in risk factors studied in our group makes early diagnosis imperative for better management and prevention of complications. Increased burden of IHD in young people will lead to decreased quality of life, increased morbidity, and mortality and also have an increased economic burden for the society. This underscores the importance of building capacity of the primary health-care system for early detection of diabetes, HTN, and dyslipidemia and making people aware of unwarranted effects of smoking and alcohol consumption. Proper management and prevention of the above said risk factors would go a long way in preventing young MI as described in this study.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"6 1","pages":"125 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91267236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse drug reactions to first-line antituberculosis drugs at four DOTS centers in Goa, India","authors":"Rupchandra Navelkar, I. Pereira, F. Vaz","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_184_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_184_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Major adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can cause significant morbidity and can compromise the treatment regimen. This can result in substantial additional cost due to added outpatient visits to the health facility or laboratory investigations or hospitalization in serious instances. Treatment is often prolonged with additional challenge of compliance. Hence, there is a need to monitor and manage these ADRs timely for better patient care and outcome. This study was carried out with the objective of studying the pattern of ADRs due to first-line antitubercular drugs and to carry out the causality and severity assessment of the reported ADRs. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted at four DOTS centers. All tuberculosis (TB) patients registered and receiving treatment under DOTS were enrolled for the study and were followed up at regular intervals till the end of their treatment. Patients' demographic, personal, disease, investigation, and ADRs details were entered in a predesigned patient recording form. Causality assessment of all ADRs were done using Naranjo algorithm. Severity assessment was done using modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the institute. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. RESULTS: Of 186 patients, 23 patients (12.26%) developed one or more ADRs. The average number of ADRs per person was 1.43. Majority of the ADRs were reported in the 20–40 years of age group and ADRs were more likely to be among females compared to males. There was no association between type of TB, site of TB, regimen of anti-TB drugs, treatment outcomes, and ADRs. Around 84.85% and 15.15% of ADRs were classified as of mild and moderate severity, respectively, as per modified Hartwig and Siegel scale, while, as per Naranjo algorithm, 72.73% of the ADRs were classified as probable and 27.27% of ADRs as possible. No ADRs were classified as definite. CONCLUSION: Thorough understanding of the various ADRs and their management will help in the effective treatment of TB as well as designing effective counseling methods, which will help in adherence to treatment and also to have better compliance.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"1 1","pages":"115 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83543696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of low-calorie diet plans and structured strength training regimens on body recomposition: A four-month case report","authors":"A. Sasidharan, S. Gopalakrishnan, S. Mohandas","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_517_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_517_22","url":null,"abstract":"A normal body weight can be maintained by balancing skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat mass (BFM). InBody™ 270 is an easy-to-use bioelectrical impedance device when it comes to monitoring body parameters such as SMM and BFM. Such body parameters when kept in balance can reduce lifestyle diseases. This case report is an attempt to elucidate the impact of different diet plans and exercise regimens on changing (recomposition) the body composition parameters (SMM, BFM, etc.). One of the authors performed the experiments and recorded the observations. The blueprint for the diet included strategies such as low-calorie plans and intermittent fasting. The exercise regimen had different combinations of whole-body strength training four times a week. Almost eight kg of BFM was lost. The body weight had been brought to normalcy, and at the same time, SMM was preserved due to dietary interventions and exercises.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"48 1","pages":"166 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79468257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D status of children at a tertiary care hospital of Agartala, North-East India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Al-Mendalawi","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_558_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_558_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80663958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age at marriage and first birth interval: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Anushri Patil, N. Tyagi, J. Prasad","doi":"10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_418_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_418_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Age at marriage is one of the proximate determinants of fertility. Women with early age at marriage experiences early motherhood, associated with high fertility, low education, and rural residence accompanied with poverty. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate age at marriage and factors affecting it and its effect on first birth interval (FBI) using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY: Inclusion criteria were availability of full- and free-text articles, published in English language, and current married age of mother being 13 years and above. PubMed and Google search was used for systematic review for the study. Meta-analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2013. RESULTS: Pooled-weighted average age at marriage was 19.96 years (with 4.26 standard error). The age at marriage in China was highest (21.56 years). Literacy and occupation of women had significant effect on age at marriage. Urbanization could not affect significantly on age at marriage. Furthermore, FBI has been modified by age at marriage.","PeriodicalId":13457,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU)","volume":"202 1","pages":"142 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80216446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}