{"title":"Do Intellectual Property Rights Matter to Taiwan's Exports? A Dynamic Panel Approach","authors":"Chih‐hai Yang, Yi-Ju Huang","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00460.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00460.x","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses whether and how Taiwan's exports are sensitive to national differences in intellectual property right (IPR) protection, as well as the degree of imitation threat. Applying a longitudinal IPR index developed by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and using the generalized method of moments dynamic panel data modelling technique to control for endogeneity and panel unit root problems, the empirical results show that the strength of importing countries' IPR protection has a positive impact on Taiwan's exports, supporting the standpoint of market expansion that stronger IPR protection will induce more trade. Under various classification systems to differentiate the degree of threat of imitation across countries, both positive and negative export effects of IPR are found in Taiwan's case. However, the pattern of threat of imitation–trade nexus seems to contradict theory predictions. Moreover, high-tech exports are found be more IPR sensitive than non-high-tech exports.","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121382766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measures of International Relative Prices for China and the USA","authors":"Charles P. Thomas, Jaime R. Marquez, Sean Fahle","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00456.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00456.x","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we assemble a measure of international relative prices to gauge the average amount by which prices in China and the USA differ from the prices of their trading partners. Our estimated weighted average of relative prices for China and the USA are the first to use the significantly revised purchasing power parities embodied in the price data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators. Our analysis reveals several findings of interest. First, interactions between the structure of trade and the levels of relative prices are sufficiently important to induce divergences between the weighted average of relative prices and conventional real effective exchange-rate indexes. Second, revisions embodied in World Development Indicators price data generally lower the estimate of US international relative prices. Third, net exports are inversely related to the estimate of US international relative price, but, for China, the correlation is positive. Estimating this correlation for other countries reveals no systematic pattern related to the level of development alone. Fourth, unlike previous work, using our price measures we find that an increase in US prices relative to Chinese prices raises the share of China's exports to the USA. Finally, there is a distinct possibility of eliminating the long-standing differential in income elasticities of US trade in empirical applications.","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115165080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on China's Labour-Intensive Manufacturing Exports","authors":"Willem Thorbecke, Hanjiang Zhang ","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00458.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00458.x","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese policymakers have resisted calls for faster renminbi appreciation partly because they fear it will reduce low technology exports. We investigate this issue using a panel data set including China's exports of labor-intensive goods to 30 countries. We find that an appreciation of the RMB would substantially reduce China's exports of clothing, furniture, and footwear. We also find that an increase in foreign income, an increase in the Chinese capital stock, and an appreciation among China's competitors would raise China's exports. Since Europe is the second leading exporter of labor-intensive manufactures behind China, these results indicate that the large appreciation of the euro relative to the RMB since 2001 has crowded out European exports.","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114711621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring the Effects of Oil Prices on China's Economy: A Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive Approach","authors":"F. Lescaroux, V. Mignon","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00457.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00457.x","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of oil prices on the Chinese economy. To this end, we rely on the factor-augmented vector autoregressive methodology, which allows us to evaluate the response of various macroeconomic variables to an oil price shock. Our results suggest that an oil price shock leads to: (i) a contemporaneous increase in consumer and producer price indexes, inducing a rise in interest rates; (ii) a delayed negative impact on GDP, investment and consumption; and (iii) a postponed increase in coal and power prices. Copyright 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation 2009 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125251610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dualism in Job Stability of the Korean Labour Market: The Impact of the 1997 Financial Crisis","authors":"Joonmo Cho, Jae-ho Keum","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00431.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00431.x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper measures the dynamic changes in job stability in the Korean labour market during the period between the 1997 financial crisis and the recovery. Drawing on the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study data, our empirical research shows that the sharp decline in job stability experienced by Korean workers during the 1997 financial crisis never bounced back to the previous level. The recovery process was much slower for irregular, short-tenured or less educated workers than the other comparison groups, aggravating the polarization of job stability.","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123518249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fear of Floating in East Asia?","authors":"Soyoung Kim, S. Kim, Yunjong Wang","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00445.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00445.x","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the de facto exchange rate arrangements in East Asia by applying the methods suggested by Calvo and Reinhart (2002) and Kim (2004). Estimation results suggest that three East Asian countries in our sample adopted a hard peg or a peg with capital account restrictions in the post-crisis period. Five East Asian countries in our sample moved toward a more flexible exchange rate arrangement in the post-crisis period. At least three of these five countries (Korea, Indonesia and Thailand) achieved the level of exchange rate flexibility that is close to the level accomplished in the free floater such as Australia. These results suggest that “Fear of Floating” of East Asian countries is not prevalent in the post-crisis period and that the bi-polar view has some support in East Asian samples.","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123372326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empirics of China's Outward Direct Investment","authors":"Y. Cheung, Xingwang Qian","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00451.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00451.x","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the empirical determinants of China’s outward direct investment (ODI). It is found that China’s investments in developed and developing countries are driven by different sets of factors. Subject to the differences between developed and developing countries, there is evidence that a) both market seeking and resources seeking motives drive China’s ODI, b) the Chinese exports to developing countries induce China’s ODI, c) China’s international reserves promote its ODI, and d) the Chinese capital tends to agglomerate among developed economies but diversify among developing economies. Similar results are obtained using alternative ODI data. We do not find substantial evidence that China invests in African and oil-producing countries mainly for their natural resources.","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"41 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120983844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficiency of Liability Rules with Multiple Victims","authors":"S. Jain","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00439.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00439.x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the structure of liability rules from the efficiency perspective when there are multiple victims. It is shown that, when there is one injurer and multiple victims, there is no liability rule with the property of invariably yielding efficient outcomes. The fact that there is no rule which is efficient for all applications of course does not in any way preclude the possibility of a rule being efficient with respect to some subclass of applications which may be of interest. We consider in this paper the important subclass of applications ( ′) which are such that the expected loss of a victim depends only on the care level taken by that victim and the care level taken by the injurer. It is shown that a sufficient condition for a one-injurer multiple-victim liability rule to be efficient with respect to the above subclass of applications ′ is that its structure be such that: (i) whenever the injurer is negligent and a particular victim is non-negligent, the entire loss incurred by that victim must be borne by the injurer; and (ii) whenever a particular victim is negligent and the injurer is non-negligent, the entire loss incurred by that victim must be borne by the victim himself. In fact, for an important subclass of one-injurer multiple-victim liability rules, characterized by the condition that the proportions in which the loss incurred by a particular victim is to be borne by the injurer and that victim must depend only on the non-negligence proportions of the injurer and that victim, the above condition is both necessary and sufficient for efficiency with respect to the restricted subclass of applications ′. Copyright 2009 The Author. Journal compilation 2009 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121884412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Estimation of China's Exchange Rate Regime","authors":"J. Frankel","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00454.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00454.x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present paper updates the question: what precisely is the exchange rate regime that China has put into place since 2005, when it announced a move away from the US dollar peg? Is it a basket anchor with the possibility of cumulatable daily appreciations, as was announced at the time? We apply to this question a new approach of estimating countries’ de facto exchange rate regimes, a synthesis of two techniques. One is a technique that has been used in the past to estimate implicit de facto currency weights when the hypothesis is a basket peg with little flexibility. The second is a technique used to estimate the de facto degree of exchange rate flexibility when the hypothesis is an anchor to the US dollar or some other single major currency. Because the RMB and many other currencies today purportedly follow variants of band-basket-crawl, it is important to have available a technique that can cover both dimensions, inferring weights and inferring flexibility. The synthesis adds a variable representing ‘exchange market pressure’ to the currency basket equation, whereby the degree of flexibility is estimated at the same time as the currency weights. This approach reveals that by mid-2007, the RMB basket had switched a substantial part of the US dollar's weight onto the euro. The implication is that the appreciation of the RMB against the US dollar during this period was due to the appreciation of the euro against the dollar, not to any upward trend in the RMB relative to its basket.","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124678043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Policy Changes in the Seafood Processing Industry in Vietnam","authors":"Dao Thanh Hong, Q. Le","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2008.00417.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2008.00417.x","url":null,"abstract":". This paper examines firms’ competitiveness in the seafood processing industry in Vietnam and policy changes for global integration. We find that trade liberalization is a very important policy change that has generally positive impacts and generates strong reactions in the seafood processing industry. Exchange rate depreciation is also an important factor and receives strong responsiveness as most of firms’ intermediate inputs are tradable and seafood products are also tradable. Increasing electricity charges that reduce profitability also generate strong reactions. Oil and petrol comprise a small portion of intermediate inputs, hence increasing the oil price does not significantly hinder the industry and does not stimulate very strong reactions. The US anti-dumping tariff strongly hurts firms’ profitability, not only seafood exporting firms but also non-exporters.","PeriodicalId":134313,"journal":{"name":"Wiley-Blackwell: Pacific Economic Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131998231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}