Immunology letters最新文献

{"title":"The immune suppressive functions of macrophages are impaired in patients with ulcerative colitis","authors":"Baisui Feng ,&nbsp;Jin Liu ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Shiyu Feng ,&nbsp;Lingzhi Xu ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Wang ,&nbsp;Shuo Song ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Aifa Tang ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Shu ,&nbsp;Pingchang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic inflammation is the pathological feature of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but its etiology is unknown. Macrophages are one of the major immune cell fractions in the colon. The objectives of this study are to characterize the immune regulatory functions of macrophages in the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). UC patients (<em>n</em> = 30) were recruited into this study. Colon lavage fluid (CLF) was collected. Macrophages are isolated from the cellular components of CLF. The immune suppressive functions of macrophages were assessed using immunological approaches. We observed that macrophages occupied about half of the proportions of the cellular components in CLF. Lower amounts of <em>IL10</em> mRNA and proteins were detected in macrophages of the UC group than the normal control (NC) group. The expression of <em>IL10</em> in CLF macrophages was positively correlated with the UC-associated cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IFN-γ, eosinophil-derived mediators, in CLF. The immune suppressive functions of CLF macrophages in UC patients were impaired. The inducibility of <em>IL10</em> expression of UC M0 cells was defective as compared with NC M0 cells. Exposure to CpG restored the inducibility of <em>IL10</em> expression in UC M0 cells, and gain the potential to acquire the immune suppressive functions. To sum up, the immune suppressive functions of UC macrophages are impaired. The inducibility of IL10 expression of M0 cells is impaired, which can be restored by the treatment with CpG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140950736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in diabetic retinopathy: A scoping review","authors":"Paula Basso Dias ,&nbsp;Iara Messias-Reason ,&nbsp;Kenzo Hokazono ,&nbsp;Renato Nisihara","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by a multifactorial nature, which may lead to several macro and microvascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe microvascular complications of DM, which can result in permanent blindness. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DR are multiple and still poorly understood. Factors such as dysregulation of vascular regeneration, oxidative and hyperosmolar stress in addition to inflammatory processes have been associated with the pathogenesis of DR. Furthermore, compelling evidence shows that components of the immune system, including the complement system, play a relevant role in the development of the disease. Studies suggest that high concentrations of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an essential component of the complement lectin pathway, may contribute to the development of DR in patients with DM. This review provides an update on the possible role of the complement system, specifically the lectin pathway, in the pathogenesis of DR and discusses the potential of MBL as a non-invasive biomarker for both, the presence and severity of DR, in addition to its potential as a therapeutic target for intervention strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated serum lipid profile is associated with inflammation and disease activity in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a retrospective study in China","authors":"Lufei Yang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Liang ,&nbsp;Jincheng Pu ,&nbsp;Li Cai ,&nbsp;Ronglin Gao ,&nbsp;Fang Han ,&nbsp;Keni Chang ,&nbsp;Shengnan Pan ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Wu ,&nbsp;Youwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanqing Wang ,&nbsp;Jiamin Song ,&nbsp;Huihong Wu ,&nbsp;Jianping Tang ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate the relationship between the lipid profiles of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and other clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, disease activity, and inflammatory factors. In addition, the risk factors for hyperlipidemia-related complications of pSS and the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) usage on the lipid profile were incorporated into this study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a single-center, retrospective study that included 367 patients who were diagnosed with pSS at Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China from January 2010 to March 2022. Initially, demographic information, clinical characteristics, medication records, and complications of the patients were gathered. A case-control analysis compared the 12 systems involvement (ESSDAI domain), clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests between pSS patients with and without dyslipidemia. A simple linear regression model was employed to investigate the relationship between serum lipid profile and inflammatory factors. Logistics regression analysis was performed to assess variables for hyperlipidemia-related complications of pSS. The paired t-test was then used to evaluate the improvement in lipid profile among pSS patients.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>48.7 % of all pSS patients had dyslipidemia, and alterations in lipid levels were related to gender, age, and smoking status but not body mass index (BMI). Dyslipidemia is more prevalent in pSS patients who exhibit heightened autoimmunity and elevated levels of inflammation. Higher concentrations of multiple highly inflammatory factors correlate with a more severe form of dyslipidemia. Non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors may contribute to hyperlipidemia-related complications of pSS, such as increased, low complement 3 (C3) and low C4. According to our study, HCQ usage may protect against lipid-related disease in pSS.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Attention should be paid to the dyslipidemia of pSS. This research aims to clarify the population portrait of pSS patients with abnormal lipid profiles and provides insights into the correlation between metabolism and inflammation in individuals with pSS and the potential role they play in the advancement of the disease. These findings provide novel avenues for further understanding the underlying mechanisms of pSS pathogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to reprogram anti-inflammatory macrophages towards pro-inflammatory macrophages to support cancer immunotherapies","authors":"Ana Vizcaino Castro,&nbsp;Toos Daemen,&nbsp;Cesar Oyarce","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor-associated myeloid cells, including macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, can be highly prevalent in solid tumors and play a significant role in the development of the tumor. Therefore, myeloid cells are being considered potential targets for cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we focused on strategies aimed at targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Most strategies were studied preclinically but we also included a limited number of clinical studies based on these strategies. We describe possible underlying mechanisms and discuss future challenges and prospects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165247824000385/pdfft?md5=41d30b8945679c76c82629669a85e3f0&pid=1-s2.0-S0165247824000385-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine alleviates diabetic retinopathy by regulating the Th17/Treg ratio","authors":"Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Zexin Wen ,&nbsp;Yanli Zhang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Junyao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yujie Sun ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prominent complication of diabetes. Berberine (BBR) has reported to be effective to ameliorate the retinal damage of DR. Studying the potential immunological mechanisms of BBR on the streptozotocin (STZ) induced DR mouse model will explain the therapeutic mechanisms of BBR and provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of this drug.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>C57BL/6 J mice were induced into a diabetic state using a 50 mg/(kg·d) dose of STZ over a 5-day period. Subsequently, they were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) for one month. Following a 5-week treatment with 100 mg/(kg·d) BBR, the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the mice's peripheral blood were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to scrutinize pathological changes in the mice's retinas, while flow cytometry assessed the proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets and the activation status of dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleen and lymph nodes. CD4⁺<em>T</em> cells and DC2.4 cell lines were utilized to investigate the direct and indirect effects of BBR on T cells under high glucose conditions in vitro.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Following 5 weeks of BBR treatment in the streptozotocin (STZ) mouse model of DR, we observed alleviation of retinal lesions and a down-regulation in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, namely TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in the serum of these mice. And in the spleen and lymph nodes of these mice, BBR inhibited the proportion of Th17 cells and promoted the proportion of Treg cells, thereby down-regulating the Th17/Treg ratio. Additionally, in vitro experiments, BBR directly inhibited the expression of the transcription factor RORγt and promoted the expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 in T cells, resulting in a down-regulation of the Th17/Treg ratio. Furthermore, BBR indirectly modulated the Th17/Treg ratio by suppressing the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by DCs and enhancing the secretion of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) by DCs. This dual action inhibited Th17 cell differentiation while promoting Treg cells.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings indicate that BBR regulate T cell subpopulation differentiation, reducing the Th17/Treg ratio by directly or indirectly pathway. This represents a potential therapeutic avenue of BBR for improving diabetic retinopathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymocyte migration and emigration","authors":"Qingyue Tong ,&nbsp;Liyu Yao ,&nbsp;Mengting Su ,&nbsp;Yong-Guang Yang ,&nbsp;Liguang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hematopoietic precursors (HPCs) entering into the thymus undergo a sequential process leading to the generation of a variety of T cell subsets. This developmental odyssey unfolds in distinct stages within the thymic cortex and medulla, shaping the landscape of T cell receptor (TCR) expression and guiding thymocytes through positive and negative selection. Initially, early thymic progenitors (ETPs) take residence in the thymic cortex, where thymocytes begin to express their TCR and undergo positive selection. Subsequently, thymocytes transition to the thymic medulla, where they undergo negative selection. Both murine and human thymocyte development can be broadly classified into distinct stages based on the expression of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors, resulting in categorizations as double negative (DN), double positive (DP) or single positive (SP) cells. Thymocyte migration to the appropriate thymic microenvironment at the right differentiation stage is pivotal for the development and the proper functioning of T cells, which is critical for adaptive immune responses. The journey of lymphoid progenitor cells into the T cell developmental pathway hinges on an ongoing dialogue between the differentiating cell and the signals emanating from the thymus niche. Herein, we review the contribution of the key factors mentioned above for the localization, migration and emigration of thymocytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016524782400035X/pdfft?md5=3d64dc45ba4ea6f0a5fc8aba34edacd3&pid=1-s2.0-S016524782400035X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheumatoid arthritis autologous synovial fluid affects the plasticity and function of peripheral and induced T regulatory cells in vitro","authors":"Vallayyachari Kommoju ,&nbsp;Christina Mary Mariaselvam ,&nbsp;Sree Nethra Bulusu ,&nbsp;Benita Nancy Reni Michael ,&nbsp;Chengappa Kavadichanda ,&nbsp;Molly Mary Thabah ,&nbsp;Vir Singh Negi","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synovial fluid (SF) microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may alter the stability and function of Tregs. In the present study, we assessed cytokine levels and percentage of Tregs, Tregs expressing CXCR3 (Th1-like Treg), CCR6 (Th17-like Treg) in RA peripheral blood (PB) and RA-SF using fluorescence cytometry. Effect of autologous SF on plasticity and function of RA-PB Tregs (pTregs; CD4⁺CD25^hiCD127^Lo/−) and induced vimentin-pulsed Tregs (iTregs^VIM) was assessed <em>in vitro</em>. Cytokines and percentage of Th1-like and Th17-like Tregs were higher in RA-PB than OA-PB; higher in RA-SF than osteoarthritis (OA)-SF. Compared to OA-SF exposed OA-pTregs, RA-SF exposed RA-pTregs showed higher percentage of Th1-like (11% <em>vs</em> 20%) and Th17-like (16% <em>vs</em> 36%) Tregs; higher <em>T-bet</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.0001), <em>RORγ</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.0001) and lower <em>FOXP3</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.0001) gene expression; and diminished percentage suppression of autologous T effector cells (36% <em>vs</em> 74%). RA-SF exposed iTregs^VIM showed increased percentage of Th1-like and Th17-like Tregs compared to iTregs^VIM exposed to AB serum (8% <em>vs</em> 0.1%; 21% <em>vs</em> 0.1%). IL-2, Tocilizumab and 5-azacytidine reduced the conversion of iTregs^VIM (8% <em>vs</em> 2.4%; 21% <em>vs</em> 6.9%), when used in combination. To conclude, microenvironment in the RA synovial fluid is possibly responsible for conversion of pTregs into Th-like Tregs and their functional loss. A blockade of cytokine receptors and methyl transferases could inhibit Tregs conversion, providing clinical relevance for future Tregs targeting therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune checkpoint molecules in solid organ transplantation: A promising way to prevent rejection","authors":"Ilaria Righi ,&nbsp;Daria Trabattoni ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Rosso ,&nbsp;Valentina Vaira ,&nbsp;Mario Clerici","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immune checkpoint (IC) molecules modulate immune responses upon antigen presentation; the interaction between different IC molecules will result in the stimulation or, rather, the thwarting of such responses. Tumor cells express increased amounts of inhibitory IC molecules in an attempt to evade immune responses; therapeutic agents have been developed that bind inhibitory IC molecules, restoring tumor-directed immune responses and changing the prognosis of a number of cancers. Stimulation of inhibitory IC molecules could be beneficial in preventing rejection in the setting of solid organ transplantation (SOT), and <em>in vivo</em> as well as <em>in vivo</em> results obtained in animal models show this to indeed to be the case. With the exception of belatacept, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in which an IgG Fc fragment is linked to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, this has not yet translated into the generation of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent SOT rejection. We provide a review of state-of-the art knowledge on the role played by IC molecules in transplantation, confident that innovative research will lead to new avenues to manage rejection in solid organ transplant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165247824000348/pdfft?md5=6af884cc6f44de4bd5ac5db6fd50c402&pid=1-s2.0-S0165247824000348-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzo[a]pyrene exposure causes exonal switch resulting in reduced surface CD5 expression in an AHR-dependent manner","authors":"Smita Kumari ,&nbsp;Bharat Singh ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Kureel ,&nbsp;Sheetal Saini ,&nbsp;Satya Prakash ,&nbsp;Aditi Chauhan ,&nbsp;Prabin Kumar ,&nbsp;Kulwant Singh ,&nbsp;Ambak Kumar Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The function of CD5 protein in T cells is well documented, but regulation of its surface-level expression has yet to be fully understood. However, variation in its surface expression is associated with various immunopathological conditions and haematological malignancies. Briefly, expression of an alternate exon E1B of a human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) origin directly downregulates the conventional transcript variant (E1A), as its expression leads to the retention of the resultant protein at the intracellular level (cCD5). A separate promoter governs the expression of E1B and may be influenced by different transcription factors. Hence, we performed <em>in silico</em> transcription factor binding site (TFBS) analysis of the 3 kb upstream region from TSS of exon E1B and found five putative DREs (Dioxin Response elements) with good similarity scores. Further, we observed the upregulation in E1B expression after the exposure of BaP (a dioxin) and the reduction of E1A expression and their respective protein, i.e. sCD5 and cCD5. The binding of AHR at the predicted DRE sites was confirmed by ChIP qPCR and AHR specific inhibitor and gene silencing studies suggested the involvement of AHR in exonal switch. This study indicates that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon decreases the sCD5 expression by upregulating alternative exon expression, which may adversely affect the overall T cell functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140621771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 1 Diabetes Brazilian patients exhibit reduced frequency of recent thymic emigrants in regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells","authors":"Jeane de Souza Nogueira ,&nbsp;Thamires Rodrigues Gomes ,&nbsp;Danielle Angst Secco ,&nbsp;Inez Silva de Almeida ,&nbsp;Alessandra Saldanha Matheus Fernandes da Costa ,&nbsp;Roberta Arnoldi Cobas ,&nbsp;Gilson Costa dos Santos Jr ,&nbsp;Marília Brito Gomes ,&nbsp;Luís Cristóvão Porto","doi":"10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To control immune responses, regulatory CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells (Treg) maintain their wide and diverse repertoire through continuous arrival of recent thymic emigrants (RTE). However, during puberty, the activity of RTE starts to decline as a natural process of thymic involution, introducing consequences, not completely described, to the repertoire. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients show quantitative and qualitative impairments on the Treg cells. Our aim was to evaluate peripheral Treg and RTE cell frequencies, in T1D patients from two distinct age groups (young and adults) and verify if HLA phenotypes are concomitant associated. To this, blood samples from Brazilian twenty established T1D patients (12 young and 8 adults) and twenty-one healthy controls (11 young and 10 adults) were analyzed, by flow cytometry, to verify the percentages of CD4, Treg (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺) and the subsets of CD45RA⁺ (naive) and CD31⁺(RTE) within then. Furthermore, the HLA typing was also set. We observed that the young established T1D patients feature decreased frequencies in total Treg cells and naive RTE within Treg cells. Significant prevalence of HLA alleles, associated with risk, in T1D patients, was also identified. Performing a multivariate analysis, we confirmed that the cellular changes described offers significant variables that distinct T1D patients from the controls. Our data collectively highlight relevant aspects about homeostasis imbalances in the Treg cells of T1D patients, especially in young, and disease prognosis; that might contribute for future therapeutic strategies involving Treg cells manipulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13413,"journal":{"name":"Immunology letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140621772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}