Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research最新文献

{"title":"Quality by Design based Quercetin Hydrate Nanoemulsions for Enhanced Solubility by Reducing Particle Size","authors":"Lakavath Sunil Kumar, Hindustan Abdul Ahad","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Aim/Background: The oral-based drug delivery system has a great pace in this era of novel discoveries. The globe is running toward new medical dosage forms, but from the primer days of drug discovery to now, a major issue faced by pharmaceutical scientists is solubility and bioavailability issues. The nanoemulsions are the best suitable formulations which can upsurge the bioavailability of the insoluble drugs. In the past three years, many research activities have been conducted due to the pandemic situation. Almost all nations have concentrated on scientific and medical research during this process. Materials and Methods: In recent days, quercetin hydrate has been found to have anti-malarial activity for which the bioavailability can be uplifted by using Nanoemulsion formulations. The authors used the high-energy process for formulating the nanoemulsions with the support of design expert software, where it was easy to find the number of trials to be performed. Various tools are used for the optimization of formulations for novel drug delivery systems. These tools have been found advantageous as they lead to a reduction in the number of experiments and less wastage of costly reagents. The purpose of the selection of a Central Composite Design (CCD) was that it required fewer runs over various other designs. Results: According to the design expert, CCD software was accessible for 17 runs, which corresponded to 17 groupings or formulations. Batches produced by the experimental design were formulated and assessed for globule size and dispersibility. Conclusion: Even though quercetin hydrate has been approved as a remedy for the treatment of various disorders, its poor oral bioavailability due to poor aqueous solubility and variable absorption is still a challenge in its clinical applications. Quercetin hydrate-loaded nanoemulsion fabricated with Opuntia ficus indica seed oil, PEG400, tween 80, and ethanol resulted in getting nano-sized particles that help in drug solubility and bioavailability. This work illustrated the importance of nanoemulsion to enhance the bioavailability of Quercetin hydrate. Keywords: Quercetin hydrate, Bioavailability, Design expert, Globule size, Nanoemulsion.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic and Toxicity-reducing Effects of Periplaneta americana Extract CⅡ-3 Combined with CTX on H22 Tumor Bearing Mice","authors":"Rui Yuan, Guangming Liu, Meixian Guo, Xiaobo Liu","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.135","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is widely used in tumor treatment, but its clinical therapeutic effect is not ideal due to many side effects. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we researched the synergistic and attenuating effects of CⅡ-3 combined with CTX and their underlying mechanism in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Firstly, we established an H22 tumor-bearing mice model, and the body weight, tumor weight, and survival time were recorded. Secondly, HE staining of tumor tissue was performed, and the related organ index, NK cell killing activity, peripheral blood cells, and bone marrow nucleated cells were measured. Moreover, the changes in IL-6 and IFN-1β in serum were detected by ELISA. Finally, RT-qPCR and Western Blot were performed to detect the expressions of TLR4, TLR9 and NF-κB in tumor tissue. Results: The treatment of CⅡ-3 combined with CTX could increase life extension rate of H22 tumor-bearing mice, reduce tumor weight. Additionally, it could inhibit tumor cell proliferation, increase thymus and spleen index, enhance the activity of T cells in spleen, promote the killing activity of NK cells, and had a certain ameliorate effect on the reduction of WBC, Neut, LYM and bone marrow nucleated cells caused by CTX. And the expression of mRNA and the protein of TLR4, TLR9 and NF-κB in tumor mass of H22 tumor-bearing mice were down-regulated. Conclusion: There were synergistic and attenuating effects of CTX combined with CⅡ-3 in the treatment of tumor and the effects might be mediated by the TLR4/NF-κB and TLR9/NF-κB signaling pathways. Keywords Anti-tumor, Cyclophosphamide, Immune depression, Periplaneta americana, Synergism and attenuation.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability Indicating Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine","authors":"Padmabhushana Chary Vemuluri, S. Dodda","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.3s.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3s.87","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For the estimation of cabotegravir and rilpivirine in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form, a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated using an inertsil C 18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. At a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, a mobile phase containing a mixture of 0.01N ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3) and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) was passed over the column. The column temperature was set at 30°C. A photodiode array detector was used at the wavelength of 257 nm. Results: Retention times of cabotegravir and rilpivirine were found to be 2.250 min and 2.823 min, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 10-60 µg/ml and 15-90 µg/ml for cabotegravir and rilpivirine, respectively with a correlation coefficient ( R 2 ) of 0.999. The percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) for precision and robustness studies was found to be < 2%. The mean % recovery was obtained as 100.71 % and 100.01 % for cabotegravir and rilpivirine, respectively. The degradation during stability studies was more in the presence of oxidative conditions. Conclusion: The developed method was found to be simple, rapid, and economical and can be applied successfully for simultaneous estimation of cabotegravir and","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44150336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Withaferin-A Nanoparticles on Scopolamine Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Madhu Subramanian, Komala Munuswamy, P. Pitchaimuthu","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.3s.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3s.70","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) suffers from dementia more often in 65-year or older patients. Symptoms of AD's are linked to disease-causing neurons, and current pharmacological therapies inadequately regulate deadly outcomes. Withania somnifera (L ) , has been contributing as a traditional multifunctional herb with a wide variety of health benefits. Materials and Methods: This research examined the importance of Withaferin A nanoparticles against scopolamine induced neuron loss (Impair on memory). Five groups of 6 rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly split. Negative and positive control animals received 2mL/kg saline solution in groups 1 and 2. 3 rd and 4 th group received 5mg/kg of pure Withaferin-A and Withaferin-A nanoformulation. Group 5 received 10 mg/kg of tacrine as a normal medication. Except for group 1, all other groups were induced 30 min after drug administration with 1mg/kg scopolamine. EPM was used to understand the behavioral parameters. Results: Inflexion ratios of 1.1 and 1.3 were seen in groups treated with Withaferin-A nanoparticles and the conventional medication. AchE, MDA, GSH reductase were also measured. Compared to the pure drug, Withaferin-A nanoparticles exhibited substantial activity. Withaferin-A exhibits an anti-amnesic effect similar to tacrine at a specific level. Conclusion: Withaferin-A nanoparticles may help neurodegenerative disease. To establish the formulation as a standard AD's treatment, pharmacokinetic aspects should be explored.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Biosimilars in Brazil: Comprehensive Specifications of the Regulatory System","authors":"Kethareshwara Sujatha Deeksha, Balamuralidhara Veeranna, Gowthami Kodlahalli Ravindra","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.3s.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3s.57","url":null,"abstract":"The largest nation in South America, Brazil, is now the world's second-largest market for pharmaceuticals thanks to the country's economic growth. The Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency, also known as the National Agency for Health Surveillance (Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria - ANVISA), was founded in 1999 with the primary objective of protecting and strengthening public health surveillance over Brazilian products and services. Biological products, also known as biopharmaceuticals, are medications that are derived from biological systems and then created utilizing contemporary biotechnological techniques. These biological products are very different from traditional synthetic drugs in a number of important respects. Biosimilars are required to satisfy a variety of regulatory requirements before being given permission to enter the market in various regions. Other issues that are related to this need to be established by national authorities. These issues include interchangeability, labelling, and prescription information. The Brazilian health monitoring agency follows the fundamental criteria established by the World Health Organization for evaluating bio-similarity; nevertheless, it does not make use of the name \"biosimilar.\" The objective of this article is to present the Brazilian biosimilar law.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47218285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoemulgel: A Smarter Topical Lipidic Emulsion-based Nanocarrier","authors":"Suraj Mandal, Prabhakar Vishvakarma","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.3s.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3s.56","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades, researchers have put a lot of time and effort into making new pharmaceuticals. As a result, there are now a huge number of pharmacological chemicals that can be used to treat a wide range of diseases that are a problem for the healthcare system. More than 50% of these medications are classed as BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II/IV, indicating that they have limited therapeutic value and are not further studied. In this way, it has been shown that lipoidal manufacturing is a good way to distribute these kinds of medicines. This suggests that a method based on nanotechnology has a lot of potential. Nanoemulgel, a gel composed of diverse nano-lipoidal compositions, has been shown to be an effective method for applying topical drugs. Nanoemulgel is an emulsion-based topical gel product. The correct gelling ingredient is added to emulsion globules made using high energy or low energy processes to form nanoemulgel. Nanoemulgels can be made from all kinds of polymeric polymers, surfactants, and fats that range in size from 5 nm to 500 nm. Nanoemulgel has several topical treatments for both short-term and long-term problems. The widespread use of nanoemulgel formulations of recently patented drugs in a variety of healthcare settings has once again shown that topical administration is better than other methods. Toxicological studies of the chemicals used in these formulations must, however, take into account how safe they are, since the way they are given has changed a lot.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49440892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cytotoxic Potential of Classical Siddha Medicine Padikara Parpam in Human Monocytic Leukemic Cell Lines (THP-1)","authors":"Aswathy Karanath-Anilkumar, G. Munuswamy-Ramanujam, V. Soman, Shree Devi Munusamy Sampangiramulu, S. Parameswaran","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.3s.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3s.72","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Padikara Parpam (PP), is one among the highly regarded Siddha medicine that is been traditionally claimed for its anti-proliferating and anti-carcinogenic properties. Objectives: In the present work, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of PP in a cellular model of Human leukemia (Human monocytic cell lines (THP-1). Materials and Methods: Determination of cell viability was assessed by the 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and by using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Fluorescence-activated single cell sorting (FACS), and 2'-7'-Dichloro-Dihydro-Fluorescein Diacetate (DCFH-DA) mediated intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) measurements were also carried out to understand the effect of PP on THP-1 cells. Results: PP induced cytotoxic effects against THP-1 in a concentration-dependent manner (6.02%–92.7%), with the highest cytotoxicity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration of PP. The IC 50 values of PP in THP-1 cell lines were 0.115 mg/mL. The result from the MTT assay was further confirmed by CLSM reports. The images of Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide stained THP-1 cells treated with PP (IC 50 concentration) indicated red fluorescence compared to the control cells which showed only green fluorescence. The images indicated the induction of apoptosis by the study drug. FACS and DCFH-DA based intracellular ROS measurements indicated the ability of PP to increase intracellular ROS levels in a concentration dependent manner. Thereby indicating at a possible ROS mediated apoptotic mechanism of action. Conclusion: These results suggest that with further clinical studies, PP could be used as an economic and effective anti-leukemic drug in patients suffering from leukemia.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47023154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of the Extent of Intra and Inter-rater Variability in OSCE","authors":"Swanand S Pathak, Gaurav Vedprakash Mishra, Rupesh A. Warbhe","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.3s.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3s.58","url":null,"abstract":"Background: OSCE is an objective structured clinical examination, though the tool is designed to increase the objectivity in the examination of the clinical cases, the inter and intra rater variability of the tool needs to analysed. Aim: To determine the extent of intra and inter-rater variability in OSCE. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in a medical college and is a cross sectional study. Materials and Methods: 5 OSCE stations were designed and videos recorded of the candidates performing the clinical exercise, 9 teachers were selected, three of assistant professor grade (junior level), three of associate grade (middle level) and three of professor grade (senior level), all the teachers were shown the videos on day 1 and the scores recorded, the same videos were shown to the teachers on the second day and the scores recorded, each teacher graded all the 5 OSCE recordings. Statistical Analysis Used: Student paired t test, One-Way ANOVA and multiple comparison to Tukey test and Cronbach alpha. Software used for analyses was SPSS 27.0 version. Results: when the scores were segregated according to level of Assessors it was observed that there was significant intra-rater variability at senior level, while there is significant inter-rater variability between junior and mid-level assessors. Conclusion: There is intra and inter-rater variability observed in OSCE assessment when assessors were segregated in groups as per their seniority levels","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49164360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability-Indicating Reversed Phase-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Phenylephrine in Bulk and Tablet","authors":"S. Srivastava, S. Dhaneshwar, N. Kawathekar","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.3s.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3s.90","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study is aimed to develop a validated stability-indicating method of a nasal decongestant phenylephrine hydrochloride in bulk and tablet. Materials and Methods: A sensitive, accurate, and specific reversed-phase stability indicating HPLC method was developed and validated by following ICH guidelines, for the estimation of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (PHE) in bulk and tablet. On Luna® 5µm C 18 column (250 × 4.6mm), the isocratic separation was achieved using mobile phase of 5mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.7): methanol (80:20; v/v) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature at 30°C. The proposed method was able to produce good separation of the drug and its degradation products with sharp peaks. The quantification was done at 272 nm by photodiode array detection. Conclusion: It was discovered that the phenylephrine hydrochloride was resilient to photolytic and thermal degradation, but degraded under acid, base, and oxidative stress conditions. The developed method was found to be linear, robust, and accurate and can be successfully applied for identification, quantitative determination, and monitoring of the stability of phenylephrine in bulk and tablet dosage forms.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47416812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Cyclopyrrolidine Clubbed with Oxadiazole Bases and Evaluation of their Anti-Diabetic Activity through in vivo Model","authors":"Salve Megha Tukaram, Jadhav Shailaja","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.3s.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3s.85","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Based on inhibitors of DPP-IV, there is a fantastic method for creating anti-diabetic medications. These inhibitors regulate diabetic patients' blood sugar levels to prevent difficulties with their health. In the current work, we created a brand-new series of compounds Cyclopyrrolidine clubbed with oxadiazole bases. Materials and Methods: Cyclopyrrolidine clubbed with oxadiazole bases (B-1 to B-16) were synthesized and characterized through IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Docking studies were performed to assess interactions and binding modes of synthesized hits at the binding site of receptor DPP-4 (PDB 3W2T). Using vildagliptin as a standard drug, six of the synthesized compounds were tested for their antidiabetic activity in diabetic rats induced with HFD-STZ-Nicotinamide. Results: The results showed that compound B-XIV (220*4.56B) resulted in the greatest reduction in blood glucose level from all synthesized compounds compared to that of vildagliptin (215*7.52B) in HFD-STZ-Nicotinamide. Other compounds showed moderate to good antihyperglycemic activity. Conclusion: From he presents work it can be concluded that synthesized compounds possess good DPP-IV inhibitory activity. Compounds containing electron-withdrawing groups (chlorine, nitro, methoxy) were displayed a good anti-diabetic effect than electron-donating groups (methyl, hydroxyl). Oxadiazole derivatives could be used for further development to obtain more promising drug candidates.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42752665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}