Immunologic Research最新文献

{"title":"STAT3 inhibition mitigates experimental autoimmune gastritis by restoring Th17/Treg immune balance.","authors":"Aiqing Zhang, Lingyun Niu, Yahui Ni, Wenjuan Liu, Xiaoxue Gao, Le Chang, Ping Cao","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09643-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09643-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the role of STAT3 in autoimmune gastritis (AIG) pathogenesis and evaluates the therapeutic potential of STA-21, a STAT3 inhibitor. We utilized these models. (1) AIG model establishment using TxA23 mice, (2) high-dose tamoxifen (HDT) treatment to induce gastric atrophy and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), and (3) STA-21 administration to assess STAT3 inhibition. Mice were divided into TxA23 early-stage (2-4 months), advanced-stage (6-12 months), STAT3 knockout (TxA23 × STAT3⁻/⁻), and STA-21-treated (10 mg/kg/day for 1 month) groups. BALB/c mice were included for HDT experiments. HDT (80 mg/kg/day) and STA-21 (10 mg/kg/day) were administered by oral gavage for 1 month. Gastric tissues were analyzed to assess inflammation, immune cell populations, and cytokine expression. H&E staining evaluated histological changes, while immunohistochemistry assessed Ki67 (proliferation marker) and SPEM markers (TFF2, MUC6, CD44v9). Flow cytometry quantified CD4⁺IL-17⁺ (Th17) and CD4⁺FOXP3⁺ (Treg) cells, while qPCR and ELISA measured pro-inflammatory (IL-17, IL-21, IL-23R, RORγt) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, FOXP3). STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly upregulated in TxA23 AIG mice, correlating with inflammation, atrophy, and mucus hyperplasia. STAT3⁻/⁻ mice exhibited reduced inflammation, preserved parietal cells, and suppressed epithelial hyperproliferation, alongside decreased SPEM markers (TFF2, MUC6, CD44v9). STA-21 treatment alleviated gastric atrophy, reduced inflammatory infiltration, suppressed Th17 differentiation, and enhanced Treg function, reversing the Th17/Treg imbalance. STAT3 inhibition alleviated autoimmune gastritis by restoring Th17/Treg balance, reducing inflammation, and potentially limiting early metaplastic changes, although long-term progression was not evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the basophil activation test in the diagnosis and management of immediate drug reaction to injectable growth hormone preparation: a case report.","authors":"Maria Barrale, Sara Romano, Donatella Termini, Dario Vinci, Ignazio Brusca","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09644-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12026-025-09644-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypersensitivity reactions to synthetic hormones are rare but can represent serious complications. Allergic responses to synthetic human growth hormone (rhGH) pharmaceutical preparations are uncommon. Despite their rarity, such reactions pose a significant clinical dilemma due to the associated risks and implications for ongoing treatment. Diagnosis is further complicated by the absence of standardized and commercially available in vitro tests, while in vivo testing carries the risk of systemic reactions, even at high dilutions. We report the case of a 6-year-old patient who experienced a severe reaction following rhGH administration. The diagnosis was investigated using the basophil activation test (BAT) prior to any in vivo testing. Given the potential risks of in vivo diagnostics, as previously reported in the literature, the BAT was employed to confirm the diagnosis and to identify a safe alternative rhGH formulation, which yielded negative results both in BAT and subsequent in vivo testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 era sero-surveillance of anti-measles IgM and IgG antibodies among asymptomatic Tanzanian children aged 3 to 15 years Journal.","authors":"Victoria Shayo, Lilian Nkinda, Salim S Masoud, Ester Mwendapole, Joan Thomas, Juma Kisuse, George Bwire, Upendo Kibwana, Mtebe Majigo, Joseph G Kimaro, Sayoki Mfinanga, Mbazi Senkoro, Eligius Lyamuya, Mecky I Matee","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09645-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09645-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In July 2022, during the COVID-19 era, Tanzania reported over 1500 laboratory-confirmed measles cases and more than 30 deaths, with about 80% of the children not vaccinated. The response was an intensive vaccination campaign that targeted under-fives across the country. This was a cross-sectional measles-serosurveillance study conducted in 2024, after the COVID-19 era, in Dar es Salaam. The study involved children aged 3 to 15 years who were attending Temeke Regional Referral Hospital (TRRH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, during the study period. Children were screened for anti-measles IgM and IgG antibodies using the NovaLisa Measles ELISA kit (NovaTec Immunodiagnostica GmbH® kit) and were categorized into four groups: (i) immune to measles (presence of anti-measles virus IgG and absence of anti-measles virus IgM), (ii) having reactivated measles (presence of both anti-measles virus IgG and anti-measles virus IgM), (iii) recently contracted measles (absence of anti-measles virus IgG and presence of IgM), and (iv) vulnerable (absence of both anti-measles virus IgG and anti-measles virus IgM). Of the 155 collected blood samples, 32 (20.64%) were positive for IgM, 35 (22.58%) cases were IgG-positive, and 74 (47.74%) had both IgM and IgG anti-measles antibodies. Based on these results, 35 (22.58%) children were determined to be immune, 74 (47.74%) were adjudged to have reactivated measles, 32 (20.64%) had recently contracted measles, and 14 (9.03%) were susceptible to measles infection. We found no significant association between gender, parents' education or income, frequency of facility visits, parents' knowledge of measles, and the presence of measles symptoms with IgM and IgG antibodies. The only significant association was age and IgM, being highest (22.58%) in children aged 3-5 years (P = 0.014), indicating risk of contracting measles in early childhood. This study provides an update regarding the current immunity status of children against measles infection in the post-COVID-19 era. Our study clearly indicates a need to improve measles immunization activities and strategies. The Government of Tanzania, through the Ministry of Health, should work together with international agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and other stakeholders to ramp up efforts to meet the target of 95% vaccination coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-cell activation enhances anti-HER2-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in gastric cancer.","authors":"Zirui Xue, Zhaoming Wang, Dan Liu, Bosen Li, Zhaodong Sun, Junjie Zhao, Haojie Li, Xuefei Wang, Yihong Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09628-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09628-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is the standard first-line therapy for advanced HER2⁺ gastric cancer. However, resistance to anti-HER2 therapy remains a significant clinical challenge. In this study, we identified a novel resistance mechanism to anti-HER2 therapy in gastric cancer and proposed a strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy by activating T cells. The association between intratumoral immune cells and clinical responses to anti-HER2 therapy in gastric cancer was investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co-cultured with HER2⁺ gastric cancer cell lines or organoids to study NK cell responses mediated by anti-HER2 mAb. T cells were depleted or activated to assess their impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and the mechanism by which T cells influence ADCC was examined. The combinatorial effects of anti-HER2 mAb and HER2 × CD3 T cell-engaging bispecific antibody (bsAb) in gastric cancer were evaluated. A total of 35 gastric cancer patients receiving anti-HER2 mAb treatment were enrolled. A higher number of intratumoral T cells were associated with greater tumor regression and improved overall survival following anti-HER2 mAb therapy. Mechanistically, T cells, mainly CD4⁺ T cells, influence NK cell functional and phenotypic changes via interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. Activating T cells by HER2 × CD3 T cell-engaging bsAb enhanced the anti-tumor effects of anti-HER2 mAb in gastric cancer. Our study identified the lack of T cell help as a novel resistance mechanism to anti-HER2 mAb in gastric cancer. Enhancing T cell help via the combination of HER2 × CD3 bsAb improved the therapeutic efficacy of anti-HER2 mAb in gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel variant in the STIM1 gene leading to combined immunodeficiency and congenital myopathy.","authors":"Amirreza Taherkhani, Mahmood Gorjizad, Farzad Ahmadabadi, Mohammad Saberi, Samin Sharafian, Mehrnaz Mesdaghi, Samin Alavi, Ali Akbar Sayari, Samaneh Abdolahzadeh, Sahar Seraj, Hamidreza Hassanipour, Zahra Chavoshzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09642-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09642-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum, where it plays a crucial role in activating calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. It functions as a calcium (Ca²⁺) sensor within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), triggering CRAC channel opening and allowing calcium entry-mechanisms essential for maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Mutations in the STIM1 gene that impair calcium signaling can disrupt both T cell and muscle cell function, leading to combined immunodeficiency and congenital myopathy. Here, we describe a 9-year-old boy with these clinical features, who was found to carry a previously undescribed mutation in the STIM1 gene. The patient presented with recurrent pneumonia, blood-streaked diarrhea, eczema, muscle weakness, and failure to thrive. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense variant in STIM1 (c.584T > C | p.Leu195Pro), considered likely pathogenic. This classification was supported by high Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) and Rare Exome Variant Ensemble Learner (REVEL) scores of 29.8 and 0.89, respectively. Homozygosity of the mutation was confirmed using PCR-Sanger sequencing. This case highlights a novel homozygous STIM1 variant in a child with combined immunodeficiency and congenital myopathy. The clinical presentation is consistent with previously reported phenotypes associated with STIM1 deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"tRNA-derived fragments: biomarkers and therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.","authors":"Akanksha Kaimwal, Muhammed Hadish, Anil Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Anjana Munshi","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09639-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09639-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are tiny non-coding RNAs that control gene expression and immunological responses. Initially, the tRFs were thought to be only a byproduct of Transfer RNA (tRNA) degradation. Recent studies highlighted their role in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sjögren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The tRFs can influence the gene expression that are potentially involved in autoimmune diseases. The tRFs can alter immune cell function and influence the pathways that lead to autoimmune diseases. This review examines how tRFs impact immune system regulation, such as interactions with messenger RNAs (mRNA), inhibition of apoptosis, and immune cell development. Dysregulation of this leads to the progression or severity of autoimmune diseases. In addition, the potential of tRFs as biomarkers for autoimmune diseases and their targets of novel therapeutic interventions. However, this area is still in its infancy and needs more research to understand the role of a wide range of tRFs in autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency and immune health in polar populations: a systematic review and hypothesis-driven narrative analysis.","authors":"Sanchit Mehta, Vansh Patel, Shrishti Agarwal, Nivedita Pant, Shikha Suman, Aibannehbok Ethan Lato Sohliya","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09640-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12026-025-09640-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D is essential for regulating the immune system and preventing disease, yet vitamin D deficiency is common, especially in people living in polar regions. This systematic review examines the interplay between vitamin D levels, immune function, and the unique immunological challenges faced by polar residents. Through a comprehensive review of studies, three main areas were explored: (1) the impact of vitamin D deficiency on immune responses, (2) vitamin D status in polar regions, and (3) widespread immune deficiency in polar populations. Results showed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased vulnerability to respiratory infections, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases, while vitamin D supplementation consistently improved immune markers and downgraded disease severity. People living in polar regions face an increased risk due to limited solar radiation, diet, and environmental stressors, which contribute to increased immunosuppression, altered cytokine profiles, and susceptibility to infections. The summary findings highlight three key factors linking vitamin D deficiency, immune deficiencies, and unique health risks in polar populations. Addressing these deficiencies may be an effective strategy to strengthen immunity and reduce disease burden in these vulnerable groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered CD27-related T cell subsets reflect immune imbalance in systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Xiaoning Chen, Bing Shen, Weijie Lin, Ziqi Xiong, Bohao Yang, Hanxi Luo, Zhiwei Zong, Jie Chen, Ayibaota Bahabayi, Chen Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09637-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09637-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze CD27 expression in various subsets of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood, explore the functional characteristics of the CD27+ subsets in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+ T cells, and assess their immunological alterations in newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood was collected from 34 newly diagnosed, untreated SLE patients and 22 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to analyze CD27 expression on T cell subsets, comparing the functional markers between CD27+ and CD27- subsets. CD27 expression on Tregs and total CD4+ T cells in SLE patients and healthy controls were compared. ROC curves were constructed, and areas under the curve (AUCs) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of CD27-related T cell subsets for SLE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of Tregs in the peripheral blood of SLE patients was increased, and CD27 expression was higher in Tregs than in CD4+ T cells in healthy individuals. CD27+ CD4+ T cells exhibited higher CD45RA and lower CD226 expression. CD27+ Tregs showed higher Helios and TIGIT expression and lower CD226 expression. CD27+ cell proportions in both CD4+ T cells and Tregs were significantly reduced in SLE patients. The AUC for CD27-related T cell subsets in diagnosing newly diagnosed SLE ranged from 0.6238 to 0.86.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD27⁺ CD4⁺ T cells show reduced activation features, while CD27⁺ Tregs exhibit enhanced regulatory potential. Their decreased proportions in SLE patients suggest early immune dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of nonsense variants in the ATM gene mimicking SCID phenotype: a brief report.","authors":"Sinem Firtina, Merve Saritas, Yuk Yin Ng, Serdar Nepesov, Ayca Kiykim, Selcen Bozkurt, Sevgi Bilgic-Eltan, Ozden Hatirnaz Ng, Muge Sayitoglu","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09638-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12026-025-09638-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) represents a life-threatening inborn error of immunity, necessitating rapid diagnosis and intervention to prevent fatal outcomes. While SCID is characterized by profound T-cell lymphopenia, it may overlap with other conditions like ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), which also presents with T-cell deficiencies. This study examines two cases of suspected SCID in infants, later identified as AT due to pathogenic variants in the ATM gene. Despite initial negative results from SCID-targeted gene panels, further genetic testing revealed nonsense mutations (p.Y2036X and p.E1996X) in the FAT domain of the ATM gene, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The patients exhibited significant T-cell lymphopenia and reduced ATM protein activity, indicative of AT. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive genetic screening beyond common SCID-associated genes, especially in patients with atypical presentations. Early and accurate diagnosis can prevent mismanagement and guide appropriate therapies, improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of antipsoriatic potential of novel pemetrexed disodium-loaded transdermal patches in an imiquimod-induced mouse model.","authors":"Tejpal Yadav, Hemant Kumar Singh Yadav, Ritu Gilhotra","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09635-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09635-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Current therapeutic strategies, including topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and systemic biologics, often present limitations such as adverse effects, high costs, and inadequate skin penetration. Transdermal drug delivery offers a promising alternative by enhancing localized drug bioavailability and minimizing systemic side effects. In this study, we investigated the antipsoriatic potential of pemetrexed disodium, a multitargeted antifolate agent, formulated as a transdermal patch in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. The patches were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique and optimized for controlled drug release. Mice treated with pemetrexed-loaded transdermal patches exhibited significant dose-dependent reductions in psoriasis severity, as evidenced by improvements in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores, histopathological analysis, and suppression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) assessed via qRT-PCR and ELISA. The highest concentration (0.16 mg/cm²) demonstrated the most pronounced therapeutic effects, comparable to the standard ketoconazole treatment. These findings highlight the potential of pemetrexed disodium-loaded transdermal patches as an innovative, targeted therapy for psoriasis, warranting further clinical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}