Aiqing Zhang, Lingyun Niu, Yahui Ni, Wenjuan Liu, Xiaoxue Gao, Le Chang, Ping Cao
{"title":"STAT3 inhibition mitigates experimental autoimmune gastritis by restoring Th17/Treg immune balance.","authors":"Aiqing Zhang, Lingyun Niu, Yahui Ni, Wenjuan Liu, Xiaoxue Gao, Le Chang, Ping Cao","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09643-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the role of STAT3 in autoimmune gastritis (AIG) pathogenesis and evaluates the therapeutic potential of STA-21, a STAT3 inhibitor. We utilized these models. (1) AIG model establishment using TxA23 mice, (2) high-dose tamoxifen (HDT) treatment to induce gastric atrophy and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), and (3) STA-21 administration to assess STAT3 inhibition. Mice were divided into TxA23 early-stage (2-4 months), advanced-stage (6-12 months), STAT3 knockout (TxA23 × STAT3⁻/⁻), and STA-21-treated (10 mg/kg/day for 1 month) groups. BALB/c mice were included for HDT experiments. HDT (80 mg/kg/day) and STA-21 (10 mg/kg/day) were administered by oral gavage for 1 month. Gastric tissues were analyzed to assess inflammation, immune cell populations, and cytokine expression. H&E staining evaluated histological changes, while immunohistochemistry assessed Ki67 (proliferation marker) and SPEM markers (TFF2, MUC6, CD44v9). Flow cytometry quantified CD4⁺IL-17⁺ (Th17) and CD4⁺FOXP3⁺ (Treg) cells, while qPCR and ELISA measured pro-inflammatory (IL-17, IL-21, IL-23R, RORγt) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, FOXP3). STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly upregulated in TxA23 AIG mice, correlating with inflammation, atrophy, and mucus hyperplasia. STAT3⁻/⁻ mice exhibited reduced inflammation, preserved parietal cells, and suppressed epithelial hyperproliferation, alongside decreased SPEM markers (TFF2, MUC6, CD44v9). STA-21 treatment alleviated gastric atrophy, reduced inflammatory infiltration, suppressed Th17 differentiation, and enhanced Treg function, reversing the Th17/Treg imbalance. STAT3 inhibition alleviated autoimmune gastritis by restoring Th17/Treg balance, reducing inflammation, and potentially limiting early metaplastic changes, although long-term progression was not evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Immunologic Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09643-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study investigates the role of STAT3 in autoimmune gastritis (AIG) pathogenesis and evaluates the therapeutic potential of STA-21, a STAT3 inhibitor. We utilized these models. (1) AIG model establishment using TxA23 mice, (2) high-dose tamoxifen (HDT) treatment to induce gastric atrophy and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), and (3) STA-21 administration to assess STAT3 inhibition. Mice were divided into TxA23 early-stage (2-4 months), advanced-stage (6-12 months), STAT3 knockout (TxA23 × STAT3⁻/⁻), and STA-21-treated (10 mg/kg/day for 1 month) groups. BALB/c mice were included for HDT experiments. HDT (80 mg/kg/day) and STA-21 (10 mg/kg/day) were administered by oral gavage for 1 month. Gastric tissues were analyzed to assess inflammation, immune cell populations, and cytokine expression. H&E staining evaluated histological changes, while immunohistochemistry assessed Ki67 (proliferation marker) and SPEM markers (TFF2, MUC6, CD44v9). Flow cytometry quantified CD4⁺IL-17⁺ (Th17) and CD4⁺FOXP3⁺ (Treg) cells, while qPCR and ELISA measured pro-inflammatory (IL-17, IL-21, IL-23R, RORγt) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, FOXP3). STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly upregulated in TxA23 AIG mice, correlating with inflammation, atrophy, and mucus hyperplasia. STAT3⁻/⁻ mice exhibited reduced inflammation, preserved parietal cells, and suppressed epithelial hyperproliferation, alongside decreased SPEM markers (TFF2, MUC6, CD44v9). STA-21 treatment alleviated gastric atrophy, reduced inflammatory infiltration, suppressed Th17 differentiation, and enhanced Treg function, reversing the Th17/Treg imbalance. STAT3 inhibition alleviated autoimmune gastritis by restoring Th17/Treg balance, reducing inflammation, and potentially limiting early metaplastic changes, although long-term progression was not evaluated.
期刊介绍:
IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH represents a unique medium for the presentation, interpretation, and clarification of complex scientific data. Information is presented in the form of interpretive synthesis reviews, original research articles, symposia, editorials, and theoretical essays. The scope of coverage extends to cellular immunology, immunogenetics, molecular and structural immunology, immunoregulation and autoimmunity, immunopathology, tumor immunology, host defense and microbial immunity, including viral immunology, immunohematology, mucosal immunity, complement, transplantation immunology, clinical immunology, neuroimmunology, immunoendocrinology, immunotoxicology, translational immunology, and history of immunology.