Immunologic Research最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of efgartigimod in myasthenia gravis: A meta-analysis of different antibody subtypes.","authors":"Haneen Sabet, Abrar AbuHamdia, Mohamed Ahmed Zanaty, Mohamed El-Moslemani, Dalia Kamal Ewis, Ziyad Elyamany, Abdallah Khatatbeh, Abdullah Almarfadi, Hala Al-Rayess, Gergis Altalab, Majed Aldehri, Foziah F Al-Fawzan, E A Shaban, Abdallah Abbas","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09786-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-026-09786-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous efgartigimod in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and to compare treatment responses between anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab)-positive and -negative subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases up to 15 October 2025. Clinical trials and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of efgartigimod in patients with MG were included. A random-effects model was used to pool mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcomes and proportions for categorical outcomes, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed based on study design and MG subtype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine studies (1594 patients) were included. Overall, 83% of patients achieved clinically meaningful improvement (CMI; ≥ 2-point reduction in MG Activities of Daily Living [MG-ADL] score), and 36% achieved minimal symptom expression (MSE; MG-ADL score of 0 or 1) with no significant difference between AChR-Ab-positive and AChR-Ab-negative subtypes. MG-ADL score significantly decreased from baseline (MD: -4.3 points, 95% CI: -4.99 to -3.61), with no difference between the MG subtypes. Quantitative MG score (QMG; MD: -3.6 points, 95% CI: -4.28 to -2.91), MG Quality of Life 15-item revised scale (MG-QoL15r), IgG levels, and corticosteroid use showed significant reductions in the AChR-Ab-positive subtype; however, these outcomes were not reported in the AChR-Ab-negative subtype. Serious adverse events were reported in 4.42% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Efgartigimod significantly improved clinical symptoms and quality of life in patients with MG and may offer a steroid-sparing effect, with no significant differences observed between subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine specificity of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Caterina Porciani, Francesco Pisani, Maria Laura Manca, Lorenzo Pacini, Fosca Errante, Roberto Mozzo, Luigi De Simone, Paola Migliorini, Federico Pratesi","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09783-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-026-09783-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of antibodies against viral structural proteins such as the spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The N protein contains several immunogenic regions. In this work we analysed epitope specificity and avidity of anti-N antibodies in COVID-19 patients. Eighty-nine COVID-19 patients were recruited. IgG, IgA, IgM antibodies to recombinant N protein and to 6 different peptides containing predicted B epitopes were measured by ELISA. Antibody avidity was evaluated by chaotropic ELISA. Anti-N IgG, IgA, and IgM were detected in 59%, 41% and 30% respectively; in 11% cases anti-N IgG are the only antibodies present in COVID patients. IgG and IgA anti-N antibodies levels correlate with levels of IL-6 and inversely with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (p < 0,005). Anti-N IgG displayed medium avidity in 51% and high avidity in 49% COVID patients; anti-N avidity was negatively correlated with PaO₂/FiO₂ (p < 0,05). Median anti-N antibody levels were similar in discharged or deceased patients and antibody avidity was not correlated with outcome. Among peptides, N_366-388 is the most frequently recognized by IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies followed by N_380-400, bound by patients IgG and IgA but anti-N_380-400 IgG display higher avidity than anti-N_366-388 IgG. These results indicate that anti-N antibodies are characterized by medium-high avidity and preferentially bind the COOH-terminus of the nucleoprotein. Anti-N antibodies, especially directed towards specific epitopes, might be relevant for the course of the infection, and their induction might improve current vaccination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated AI-driven vaccine design process: a systematic review of workflows from generative design to translational prediction.","authors":"Mohammadreza Shafaati, Farnaz Nikzadjamnani, Masoud Ghorbani","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09763-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-026-09763-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional vaccine development faced significant hurdles, including lengthy timelines and high costs, which hindered rapid responses to pathogens. Although the emergence of AI offered transformative potential, the necessity for a fully integrated workflow was often overlooked in studies focusing on individual tools. This review addressed a critical gap by synthesizing AI technologies across the vaccine design process, focusing on the integrated workflow from antigen discovery to clinical translation. A systematic framework was required to connect disparate tools and ensure seamless transitions. Consequently, this study provided a comprehensive roadmap for pandemic preparedness and vaccine discovery. A systematic analysis based on the PRISMA framework (2015-2024) was conducted, and 19 landmark articles were reviewed.It was demonstrated that the paradigm shift from predictive to generative AI offered unprecedented opportunities for developing novel antigens and adjuvants with superior immunogenicity. Synthesis of the literature revealed rapid progress toward sophisticated deep learning. Transformer models and Protein Language Models emerged as dominant for epitope prediction, while AlphaFold2 became the standard for structural modeling. The advent of generative AI for de novo antigen design represented the leading edge of the discipline. Additionally, AI-enhanced molecular dynamics and digital twin simulations accelerated clinical validation and manufacturing scalability. The \"Integrated AI Workflow for Vaccine Design and Development\" was emphasized as a comprehensive system and a prerequisite for sustainable innovation. Overall, this analysis served as a strategic roadmap for utilizing AI as a transformative framework for next-generation vaccine discovery and pandemic preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural history and long-term outcomes of kawasaki disease following spontaneous defervescence: 31 years of experience from North India.","authors":"Rakesh Kumar Pilania, Prabal Barman, Gayathri Cv, Yamini Sharma, Vaishali Thakur, Manpreet Dhaliwal, Saniya Sharma, Pandiarajan Vignesh, Deepti Suri, Sanjeev H Naganur, Manphool Singhal, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09787-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-026-09787-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is the standard of care for the treatment of Kawasaki disease (KD) and should be administered within 10 days of the onset of fever. Management guidelines for children with KD who defervesce spontaneously are not clear. In this study, we analysed patients with KD diagnosed between 1994 and 2024 at our centre who had defervesced spontaneously, had normal acute-phase reactants, and underwent echocardiographic examination, and in whom IVIg had not been administered. We reviewed the records of patients with KD from January 1994 - December 2024. The diagnosis of KD was based on standard guidelines. Patients with KD were said to be in spontaneous defervescence when they remained afebrile for ≥ 48 h, had normal acute-phase reactants [C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)] and no coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) on echocardiography at presentation, and when IVIg was not administered. Patients with spontaneous defervescence were subdivided into (i) early defervescence (Ed-KD), if the interval between onset of symptoms and defervescence was < 10 days, and (ii) late defervescence (Ld-KD), if the duration between onset of symptoms and defervescence was ≥ 10 days, respectively. Details of the clinical profile, laboratory investigations, and echocardiography findings were obtained from the records. Of the 1499 patients with KD enrolled during the study period, 115 patients (7.7%; 86 boys) defervesced spontaneously. The median age at disease onset was 6 years (mean, 5.6 years; range, 0.8-15 years). The median duration of fever, defined as the total duration of the febrile episode before spontaneous defervescence, was 5 days (range, 1-21 days). The median interval between illness onset (defined as fever onset) and diagnosis of KD was 15 days (range, 4-40 days), indicating that diagnosis was often made after fever had already subsided. The most common clinical feature was periungual desquamation, followed by rash, oral-mucosal changes, cervical lymphadenopathy, and conjunctival injection. Incomplete presentation was noted in 73.9% (n = 85/115) of patients. No patient has developed CAAs or other cardiac sequelae over a median follow-up of 9 months (range 2 months-156 months). The cumulative follow-up for the cohort was 235 patient-years. The 'low-risk' subgroup of patients with KD who defervesce spontaneously, and have normal acute phase reactants with no CAAs at presentation, have good clinical and coronary outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with acquired functional mutation of the TLR7.","authors":"Yu Han, Hongbo Chen, Ying Li, Yuhong Yin, Xiuxian Zhu, Xiaoyan Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12026-025-09739-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09739-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a case of recurrent autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a child with a gain-of-function (GOF) mutation of the TLR7. This patient's condition contrasts with the six previously documented cases of GOF mutations in the TLR7, thereby expanding the phenotypic spectrum of such mutations and enhancing clinical comprehension of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). The article discusses the mechanisms by which TLR7 GOF mutations can result in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, explores the influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the disease's development and progression, and emphasizes the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for cases of TLR7 GOF mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune cell annotation in the single-cell studies: technologies, challenges, and integrative solutions.","authors":"Sabrina George, Nor Adzimah Johdi","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09780-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-026-09780-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-cell RNA sequencing has transformed immunological research by enabling high-resolution transcriptional profiling of individual immune cells. Despite its transformative impact, annotating immune cells based solely on transcriptomic data remains challenging. These difficulties arise from biological factors, including gene expression heterogeneity and post-transcriptional regulation, as well as technical limitations that contribute to mismatches between mRNA and protein expression. Such discrepancies may lead to cell misclassification and obscure functional insights, particularly in heterogeneous populations such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This review highlights the major challenges in immune cell annotation by detailing the mechanisms underlying mRNA-protein discrepancies, examining both the biological factors and technical artifacts that drive this divergence, and emphasizing their implications for accurate cell classification. A critical overview of current single-cell profiling technologies follows, with evaluation of the respective advantages and limitations of transcriptomic, proteomic, and multimodal approaches. In particular, technologies such as Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing integrate transcriptomic and proteomic data, addressing the shortcomings of single-modality analyses. Further examination focuses on computational strategies for immune cell annotation, with emphasis on automated methods and bioinformatics frameworks tailored to multi-omics datasets. The unique computational challenges of integrating mRNA and protein data, together with solutions for improved annotation accuracy, are discussed. This review integrates key challenges, technologies, and computational tools, highlighting the need for standardized multimodal profiling of immune cells. Such integration enhances annotation reliability and advances disease understanding and therapy discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated pachymeningitis: a systematic review of clinical features, diagnosis and treatment outcomes.","authors":"Graziella Aguiar Santos Faria, Paula Baleeiro Rodrigues Silva, Gabriela Abrahão Allioni, Leandro Tavares Lucato, Tarso Adoni, Luiz Henrique Martins Castro, Guilherme Diogo Silva","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09782-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-026-09782-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated pachymeningitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the dura mater that may occur in isolation or as part of systemic vasculitis. The clinical features and outcomes of proteinase 3 (PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA-associated pachymeningitis remain poorly defined. We aimed to synthesize clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment outcomes to improve diagnosis and guide management. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched to June 15, 2023. Eligible studies were case reports or series of patients with imaging-confirmed pachymeningitis and positive ANCA serology. Individual patient data were extracted, including demographics, clinical features, pathology, and outcomes. We identified 230 patients from 177 reports, including 108 MPO-ANCA-positive, 71 PR3-ANCA-positive, and 3 dual MPO/PR3-positive cases; 46 ANCA-positive cases had unspecified antigen specificity, and 2 were ELISA-negative but ANCA IIF-positive. Median age was 60 years; 53% were male. Headache and cranial neuropathies-particularly hearing loss, visual impairment, and diplopia-were predominant. Systemic involvement was present in 89% of cases, primarily affecting the ear, nose, throat, lungs, orbits and kidneys. Imaging often showed tentorium/falx, middle cranial fossa, and frontal convexities involvement. Inflammatory markers were raised in > 90%, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in 50%. Typical pathological features such as granulomas, vasculitis, or necrosis were documented in 66% of biopsied patients. At a median 9-month follow-up, mortality rate was 3.9% and relapse rate 23.5%. Rituximab (25%) was associated with lower rates of refractory disease. PR3- and MPO-ANCA-associated pachymeningitis typically presents with headache and cranial neuropathies, usually with systemic involvement. Relapse and incomplete recovery remain common despite treatment, underscoring the need for early recognition, targeted immunotherapy, and long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELF3/miR-9-5p/NFKB1 axis promotes the progression of osteoarthritis by triggering NLRP3-mediated cell pyroptosis.","authors":"Bin Gong, Meng He, Xiang Shen, Suiyuan Wang, Liming Tan","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09785-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-026-09785-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyroptosis promotes the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aims to explore the functions and regulating mechanisms of E74-like factor 3 (ELF3) in chondrocyte pyroptosis. A mouse model of OA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chondrocytes were employed. Adenovirus sh-ELF3, miR-9-5p inhibitor or oe-Nuclear Factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1) were administered to OA mice via intra-articular injection. LPS-induced chondrocytes were transfected with sh-ELF3, oe-NFKB1, miR-9-5p mimic/inhibitor or negative controls. Articular cartilage tissues were assessed using H&E staining, Safranin O/fast green staining, and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) grading system. Pyroptosis was assessed by flow cytometry combined with Western blot analysis of key markers, while apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Interactions among ELF3, miR-9-5p, and NFKB1 were validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays. We found that pyroptosis was enhanced and ELF3 expression was elevated in both the OA mouse model and LPS-induced chondrocytes. Depletion of ELF3 inhibited pyroptosis, apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration, and inflammation in LPS-injured chondrocytes. Mechanistically, ELF3 suppressed miR-9-5p transcription, which targeted NFKB1, and NFKB1 interacted with ELF3 to form a regulatory loop. miR-9-5p inhibition or NFKB1 overexpression reversed the protective effects of ELF3 knockdown on pyroptosis and ECM degradation. In vivo study further confirmed that silencing ELF3 attenuated articular cartilage injury through miR-9-5p/NFKB1/ NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) axis. Overall, the ELF3/miR-9-5p/NFKB1 axis accelerated OA progression by promoting NLRP3-mediated chondrocyte pyroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANKFN1 in skin fibroblasts may modulate mast cell activity and is associated with dupilumab response in atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Qiu-Ju Wei, Jia-Rong Lu, Wan-Yan Xiang, Hai-Qi Liang, Si-Qi Zhang, Si-Yu Huang, Jun-Wen Peng, Ze-Feng Zhou, Qiu-Ju Li, Wen-Jun Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09777-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-026-09777-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease. Dupilumab is a new targeted drug used to treat moderate to severe AD. However, some patients with AD exhibit poor response to dupilumab treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the potential role and mechanisms of ANKFN1 in the development of resistance to dupilumab in AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of bulk RNA, single-cell RNA (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptome sequencing data. A prospective cohort of 54 AD patients treated with dupilumab was analyzed. Based on the SCORAD score, we measured whether the AD patients responded to 16 weeks of dupilumab treatment. By analyzing differentially expressed genes between the pre-treatment response group and the resistant group, drug resistance-associated genes were identified and externally validated in an independent dataset. Subsequently, biological function enrichment analysis, immune cells assessment, scRNA-seq analysis, and spatial transcriptomics were employed to investigate ANKFN1's biological functions, cellular localization, and association with the immune microenvironment. Additionally, we constructed a ceRNA regulatory network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four key genes ANKFN1, HTR3A, HLA-DQA1, and ALOX15B were identified, with ANKFN1 exhibiting the strongest predictive efficacy (AUC = 0.938) and showing significantly upregulated expression in the resistant group, a finding confirmed in the validation cohort. High ANKFN1 expression positively correlated with resting mast cell infiltration levels and negatively correlated with immune stimulatory factors, chemokines, and IL-4/IL-13 pathway receptors (IL4R, IL13RA1, IL13RA2), suggesting its association with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. scRNA-seq analysis revealed ANKFN1 was specifically overexpressed in fibroblasts, particularly within the COL6A5⁺ fibroblast subpopulation. Spatial transcriptomics analysis further validated this finding. The ceRNA network suggested ANKFN1 may be regulated by the lncRNA NEAT1/miR-224 axis and transcription factors AR and GRHL2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ANKFN1 may be associated with dupilumab non-response and warrants further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune checkpoint landscape in CD4⁺ T cells stratifies HIV-infected individuals by clinical progression.","authors":"Serena Spampinato, Grazia Scuderi, Michelino Di Rosa, Paolo Fagone, Giuseppe Nunnari","doi":"10.1007/s12026-026-09779-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12026-026-09779-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13389,"journal":{"name":"Immunologic Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}