Indian heart journal最新文献

{"title":"Heart failure, the global pandemic: A call to action consensus statement from the global presidential conclave at the platinum jubilee conference of cardiological society of India 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heart failure (HF) is emerging as a major public health problem both in high- and low - income countries. The mortality and morbidity due to HF is substantially higher in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Accessibility, availability and affordability issues affect the guideline directed therapy implementation in HF care in those countries. This call to action urges all those concerned to initiate preventive strategies as early as possible, so that we can reduce HF-related morbidity and mortality. The most important step is to have better prevention and treatment strategies for diseases such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD), type-2 diabetes, and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) which predispose to the development of HF. Setting up dedicated HF-clinics manned by HF Nurses, can help in streamlining HF care. Subsidized in-patient care, financial assistance for device therapy, use of generic medicines (including polypill strategy) will be helpful, along with the use of digital technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 3","pages":"Pages 147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224000579/pdfft?md5=21a02c9842145731941b3f3129ec1880&pid=1-s2.0-S0019483224000579-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of capacity building and tele ECG based decision support on change in thrombolysis rate and inhospital and one year mortality in patients with STEMI, using hub and spoke model; multi-phasic intervention trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We report the impact of capacity building and teleconsultation on change in the thrombolysis rates and one-year mortality in patients with STEMI using a hub and the spoke model of STEMI care.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty secondary care public hospitals were linked with a teaching hospital as a hub centre and the impact of the intervention on change in ischemic time, thrombolysis rates and all-cause in-hospital and one-year mortality was compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>29 patients with STEMI were treated during pre-intervention from April 2020 to June 2020 and 255 patients during the post-intervention period from July 2020 to Oct 2021 in spoke centres. 245 patients were reported to a hub centre during the study period. The thrombolysis rate was significantly higher in the spoke centres after intervention (65.5%vs. 27.5 % <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and was also significantly higher than in patients treated in a hub centre (65.5 % vs. 45.7 % <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The in-hospital mortality was significantly lower in patients treated at spoke centres compared to those treated at the hub centre (7.8 % vs. 15.5 % &lt; 0.003). The significant difference in mortality rate continued at one year (11.0 % vs.18.4 % <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The median time from symptoms to thrombolytic therapy was significantly lower in STEMI patients treated in spoke centres compared to a hub centre (230 min vs. 356 min <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The hub and spoke model of STEMI care is effective in increasing thrombolysis rate, and decreasing in-hospital and one-year mortality rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 3","pages":"Pages 167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224000786/pdfft?md5=b9a05afaa1127f87d1be9229d5afe7e2&pid=1-s2.0-S0019483224000786-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the FDC of telmisartan + bisoprolol with telmisartan + metoprolol succinate ER combination therapy for stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension: A double-blind, multicentric, phase-III clinical study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>The present study compared the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of the new fixed-dose combination (FDC) of telmisartan 40 mg + bisoprolol 5 mg (TBP) tablets with the existing comparator FDC telmisartan 40 mg + metoprolol succinate ER 50 mg (TMS) tablets in patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>The multicentric, double-blind, parallel-group, comparative, prospective, phase-III clinical study involved 264 subjects with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension from 10 centres across India. The selected subjects were randomized into two groups: group A received the TMS and group B received the new FDC TBP. The primary endpoint was the mean change in seated systolic blood pressure (SeSBP) and seated diastolic blood pressure (SeDBP) from baseline to week 12 in both the control and study arms. The secondary endpoint was achieving the target of SeSBP &lt;140 mmHg and SeDBP &lt;90 mmHg from baseline to week 12 in both groups. Safety and tolerability parameters were evaluated in both groups based on adverse effects (AEs) reported by the patients and the physician.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both treatment groups exhibited a reduction in BP after 2 weeks of treatment, which was sustained until 12 weeks. The mean change in SeSBP and SeDBP at weeks 2, 6, and 12 compared to the previous visit showed statistical significance (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) in all cases for both groups A and B. The mean changes in SeSBP and SeDBP from baseline to study end were numerically higher in group B than in group A. The mean difference in SeSBP from baseline to study end was significantly higher in group B compared to group A (<em>p</em> = 0.029). By week 12, 88.28 % and 89.84 % of subjects in group B achieved SeSBP &lt;140 mmHg and SeDBP &lt;90 mmHg respectively, while 86.71 % and 91.40 % of subjects in group A achieved the same targets. Reported AEs were mostly mild to moderate in both treatment groups, and no serious AEs or deaths were reported. Tolerability was rated as ‘excellent’ by 93.75 % of subjects in group B and 91.40 % of subjects in group A.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Both the new FDC TBP and the existing comparator TMS combination therapy have comparable efficacy, tolerability, and safety for the management of stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registry name</h3><p>Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI)</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration no</h3><p>CTRI/2021/11/037,926</p></div><div><h3>Protocol no</h3><p>MLBTL/05/2021</p></div><div><h3>Protocol url</h3><p><span><span>https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=62069&amp;EncHid=&amp;userName=bisoprolol</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 3","pages":"Pages 159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224000750/pdfft?md5=ec2c77a9c028415128a47dbccdef593b&pid=1-s2.0-S0019483224000750-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of three-dimensional (3-D) left ventricular ejection fraction and speckled tracking echocardiographic strain parameters in non-ischemic left bundle branch block (LBBB) patients and their association with cardiovascular events – A prospective observational study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the association between three-dimensional (3-D) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and various speckle tracking echocardiographic (STE) strain parameters in non-ischemic left bundle branch block (LBBB) patients with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during a one-year follow-up phase.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A total of 50 patients with non-ischemic LBBB were assessed using various parameters of 3-D echocardiography. They were compared with their same-age and sex control group and then followed up with repeat 3-D echocardiography for MACE for one year.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Composite outcomes were seen in (<em>n</em> = 11 [22 %], including cardiovascular mortality (<em>n</em> = 2 [4.0 %]) and hospitalization for heart failure (<em>n</em> = 9 [18.0 %]). Mean values of the left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS), and radial (GRS) strains were −14.4 ± 5.6, −14.3 ± 5.8, and 15.3 ± 5.9 respectively in the study cases. Initial GLS values were significantly impaired among those who had clinical events (−9.2 vs −15.9). Also, significant worsening of GLS (<em>p</em> value &lt; 0.001) was seen in patients with composite outcomes on follow-up. Cut-off values in receiver operating characteristic analyses for composite outcomes were: GLS more than −13.5, GCS more than −12.5, and GRS less than 14.5<strong>.</strong> Intra-class correlations for both intra-observer and inter-observer variability were found to be good.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Impaired LV GLS and low 3-D LVEF are significantly associated with the occurrence of MACE in patients with non-ischemic LBBB. This strong association of LV GLS with outcomes can aid in risk stratification, prognostication, and clinical decision-making in non-ischemic LBBB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 3","pages":"Pages 210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224000841/pdfft?md5=0be4f749fc53b6cef525e35bd22b9058&pid=1-s2.0-S0019483224000841-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of residual SYNTAX score in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention-cohort study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Residual Syntax Score (RSS) is derived from Syntax Score to quantify the burden of residual coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). As data is limited, we report predictive utility of Residual SYNTAX Score in relation to in hospital and 1 year mortality of the patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 3","pages":"Pages 221-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224000798/pdfft?md5=03d5cc0a5062dd9db955fd16215b672a&pid=1-s2.0-S0019483224000798-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overweight/obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes and its association with hypertension and other factors among rural adults (≥18 years) in India","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Non-communicable diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 10 Indian states using multi-stage random sampling procedures. Information was collected on socio-economic and demographic particulars, anthropometric measurements such as height, weight and waist circumference, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure was measured. One day 24-h dietary recall was done for foods and nutrient intakes. Bivariate and multivariate step-wise logistic regression analyses was done.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of overweight/obesity among rural adults was 23.4 % (95 % CI: 22.9–23.9), while age adjusted prevalence of pre-diabetes was 8.4 % (95 % CI: 8.1–8.7) and diabetes was 6.8, (95 % CI 6.7–7.1), respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was lowest in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Odisha (3–4%) and higher in Kerala and Tamil Nadu (12–15 %). The odds of diabetes was 5.5 times more among elderly, 1.3 times higher among Christians and among high income groups, and 2 times among overweight (CI: 1.50–2.50), obese (CI: 1.61–2.76) and abdominal obesity (OR; 1.57; CI: 1.29–1.91) and 1.6 times more among hypertensives. The odds of diabetes were high among those consuming the lower tertiles of carbohydrates, pulses, milk and milk products and folic acid.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was 6.8 % and 8.4 % respectively and the odds of diabetes was high among elderly, among high socio-economic groups, overweight/obese subjects and among hypertensives. Also, knowledge about symptoms of diabetes was low. There is a need to improve awareness for early diagnosis and treatment for control of diabetes and hypertension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 3","pages":"Pages 182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001948322400083X/pdfft?md5=45ce98c0c78d7e919e7b9fc9aafb56a9&pid=1-s2.0-S001948322400083X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid clinical trials with special reference to Indian population","authors":"Aseem Basha,&nbsp;Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indians have a pattern of atherogenic dyslipidaemia characterised by not so high LDL-C but elevated small, dense LDL-C, elevated triglyceride levels and low HDL-C levels. In addition, different lipid-lowering drugs exhibit pharmacokinetic variability in Indians, which may have implications on the optimum doses required to achieve the desired LDL-C levels. Currently the management of dyslipidaemia in Indians are based on the landmark trials, which largely included western population. This review focusses on major clinical trials of lipid lowering drugs with special reference to the Indian population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 ","pages":"Pages S130-S137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001948322400021X/pdfft?md5=6874da94edf8821c5ba8703eb9de9adb&pid=1-s2.0-S001948322400021X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139930988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dyslipidemia and peripheral arterial disease","authors":"Ajay Yadav ,&nbsp;Vivek Sawant ,&nbsp;Varinder Singh Bedi ,&nbsp;Kanupriya Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects 12 % of adult population and is increasing globally and in India. Peripheral arterial disease when associated with atherosclerosis in two or more other arterial beds such as coronary artery disease (CAD), mesenteric/renal artery and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), is known as polyvascular disease. The Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry reported that 1 out of 6 patients had multi-vascular bed involvement. Progression of PAD to critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is seen in 1 % of affected patients per year, but patients who progress to CLI may have a 10- to 15-fold increased risk of cardiovascular death.</p><p>The 2019 ECS/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias have suggested that for primary or secondary prevention in very high risk, patients should follow a therapeutic regimen that achieves &gt;50 % LDL-C reduction from baseline and an LDL-C goal of &lt;55 mg/dl. High Intensity Statin is mainstay of treatment but optimal management is inadequate. Statin treatment reduces all-cause mortality by 39 %, CV death by 41 %, CV outcomes by 34 %, ischaemic stroke by 28 %, acute limb ischaemia by 30 % and amputations by 35 %. Ezetimibe when added to statins in IMPROVE-IT trial, showed significant reduction of MACE. PCSK9 inhibitor (FOURIER TRIAL) showed reduction in primary end point in PAD vs Non PAD patients (3.5 % vs 1.6 %).</p><p>There is a critical need for an Indian multi-disciplinary task force for research on the direct impact of lipid-lowering agents on limb salvage rates and major limb-related events in PAD patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 ","pages":"Pages S86-S89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224000105/pdfft?md5=90d83a5367a65af68b7f54906ee2788e&pid=1-s2.0-S0019483224000105-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of dyslipidemia in acute coronary syndrome","authors":"Satyavir Yadav ,&nbsp;Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite numerous improvements in the management of acute coronary syndrome(ACS), it is a major cause of mortality in India. Lipids play a critical role in pathogenesis of ACS and reduction of lipid parameters plays a pivotal role in secondary prevention. High total cholesterol and high low-density lipoprotein(LDL) are the major lipid abnormalities globally as well as in Indians. Among all the lipid parameters, LDL is the primary target of lipid-lowering therapies across the globe. High-dose statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, and bempedoic acid are recommended therapies for LDL reduction in ACS patients. Statins have pleiotropic effects on the modulation of thrombogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial protection. Multiple randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that the use of high-dose statin has significant benefits in ACS. LDL reduction goal is &lt; 55 mg/dl or at least 50 % reduction from the baseline regardless of age or gender. Non-fasting LDL should be measured soon after the ACS as it varies minimally with food intake. The first line of therapy after ACS is to advise lifestyle modifications, combination therapy including high-dose statin with ezetimibe, and evaluation after 4–6 weeks of the index event. If the goal is not achieved then PCSK 9 inhibitors or Bempedoic acid should be used in combination with statins and ezetimibe to reduce recurrent ischaemic events. Despite the proven effect of these lipid-lowering therapies, undertreatment is still a big hurdle across the globe. Prohibitive costs, adverse effects, medication non-adherence, variation in health practice in different countries, and clinical inertia to prescribe this medication by physicians are the main reasons for the undertreatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 ","pages":"Pages S51-S57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224000117/pdfft?md5=6c800265b3d5c080d31d5440a6afe24e&pid=1-s2.0-S0019483224000117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apolipoprotein B - An ideal biomarker for atherosclerosis?","authors":"Kavita Singh ,&nbsp;Dorairaj Prabhakaran","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review article describes the pathophysiological mechanisms linking Apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) and atherosclerosis, summarizes the existing evidence on Apo B as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and recommendations of (inter)national treatment guidelines regarding Apo B in dyslipidemia management. A single Apo B molecule is present in every particle of very low-density lipoprotein, intermediate density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a). This unique single Apo B per particle ratio makes plasma Apo B concentration a direct measure of the number of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins. This review of global evidence on Apo B as a biomarker for atherosclerosis confirms that Apo B is a single atherogenic lipid marker present in all lipids sub-fractions except HDL-C, and thus, Apo B integrates and extends the information from triglycerides and cholesterol, which could simplify and improve care for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":"76 ","pages":"Pages S121-S129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483223004704/pdfft?md5=494705d5aeaa65d153a83d958f354624&pid=1-s2.0-S0019483223004704-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}