Indian heart journal最新文献

{"title":"Shock Index-Creatinine as a Predictor of In-Hospital Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Anterior Wall ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.","authors":"K Venkadesan, Ranjit Kumar Nath, Puneet Aggarwal, Santosh Kumar Sinha, Dheerendra Kuber, Shivani Rao, Bhagya Narayan Pandit","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2026.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early risk stratification in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is essential but established scores such as TIMI and GRACE require multivariable computation. The Shock Index-Creatinine (SIC) is a simpler bedside alternative, yet Indian data are sparse.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether admission SIC predicts in-hospital adverse events in anterior wall STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred consecutive patients with anterior wall STEMI undergoing primary PCI at a tertiary care centre in northern India were prospectively enrolled over 12 months. SIC was computed at admission as (Shock Index × 100) - Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance. The primary outcome was in-hospital death; secondary outcomes were heart failure, cardiogenic shock, contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Discrimination was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort was 73.0% male with a mean age of 54.5 years; in-hospital mortality was 10.0% (n = 20). Admission SIC was markedly higher in non-survivors than survivors (82.0 ± 42.4 versus -20.1 ± 19.4; p < 0.001). AUCs were 0.992 for mortality and cardiogenic shock, 0.971 for CI-AKI, 0.909 for ventricular arrhythmia, and 0.907 for heart failure (all p < 0.001). A SIC ≥ 20 predicted death with 95.0% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this Indian cohort, admission SIC was a powerful bedside predictor of adverse in-hospital events after primary PCI for anterior wall STEMI. The unusually high discriminative performance requires external validation in larger multicentre populations before routine clinical adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular Salvage of Dysfunctional Native Haemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistulas: Clinical Outcomes and Predictors of Patency.","authors":"Srinidhi S Hegde, S B Lohitashwa, Harsha Mullusoge Mariappa, Kiron Varghese, M A Srilakshmi, Pankaj Banotra","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2026.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypofunctioning haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas are an important cause of inadequate dialysis, access failure and morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and timely catheter-based intervention may help restore access function and prolong fistula usability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of catheter-based interventional procedures for hypofunctioning haemodialysis fistulas in patients with CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-centre, retrospective observational follow up study, enrolled with 100 CKD patients on maintenance haemodialysis with dysfunctional native arteriovenous fistulas who underwent fistulogram and catheter-based intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 57.2 ± 12.4 years, 62.0% were male, and hypertension (80.0%) and diabetes mellitus (57.0%) were the major comorbidities. Radio cephalic fistula was the commonest access type (46.0%), and inadequate dialysis was the leading presentation (73.0%). Fistulography showed significant stenosis in 96.0%, with central vein involvement in 43.0% and long-segment lesions in 56.0%. Angioplasty was attempted in 96.0%, achieving technical success in 91.7% of attempted interventions and clinical success in 85.0%. Stenosis and pressure gradient reduced significantly after intervention (both p<0.001). Complications occurred in 13.0%, with no deaths. Primary patency declined from 82.0% at 1 month to 58.0% at 6 months and 38.0% at 12 months. Patency loss was independently predicted by older age, central vein lesions, long lesions, residual stenosis, and absent post-procedure thrill.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Catheter-based endovascular intervention may be an effective fistula-salvage strategy for hypofunctioning haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas, although long-term patency was influenced by lesion complexity, residual stenosis and restoration of post-procedure thrill.</p>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile and optical coherence tomography-based morphological characteristics of coronary in-stent restenosis: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Arihant Sharma, Shreya Gupta, Ranjit K Nath, Ankit Aggarwal, Shivani Rao, Puneet Agarwal, B N Pandit","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2026.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of wire-based hyperaemia-induced fractional flow reserve (FFR) and angiography-based vessel fractional flow reserve (vFFR) in patients undergoing physiological assessment of coronary lesions.","authors":"Harilalith Kovvuri, Judah Nijas Arul, Harsimran Singh, Vasudha Krishnan, Pavitraa Saravana Kumar, Gokula Lakshmi Lakshmanan, Benasir Begam Jakir Hussain, Thrisha Ravi, Aravind Ramesh, Vinod Kumar Balakrishnan, Jayanty Venkata Balasubramaniyan, Sadhanandham Shanmugasundaram, Ashish H Shah, Ramesh Sankaran, Thanikachalam Sadagopan, Nagendra Boopathy Senguttuvan","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While pressure-wire based fractional flow reserve (FFR) is considered the gold standard for evaluating coronary lesion significance, its use in daily clinical practice remains limited.Angiography derived vessel based FFR (vFFR) offers a promising alternative, without the need for pressure wires or hyperaemia by leveraging three dimensional quantitative coronary angiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the concordance between angiography derived vFFR and invasive FFR in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis. Retrospectively, coronary angiograms of patients who underwent adenosine based FFR from January 2022 until January 2025 for borderline lesions were retrieved from the health management information system (HMIS) software and processed by a blinded core laboratory for vFFR computation. Correlation and diagnostic performance were assessed using Mann-Whitney U testing, Spearman correlation, Bland-Altman analysis, chi-square analysis, ROC curves, and binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the cohort was 61 years, and 30.6% were female. LAD was the most commonly assessed artery. The median FFR and vFFR values were 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. Overall, 33.9% of lesions were classified as ischemic by FFR. A strong correlation was found between vFFR and invasive FFR (r = 0.808, p < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of vFFR was excellent with an AUC of 0.92. At a vFFR cut off of 0.80, sensitivity was 85.7% and specificity 80.5% with a diagnostic accuracy of 82.3%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated reduced correlations in bifurcation (r = 0.661) and calcified lesions (r = 0.733).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this retrospective cohort, angiography derived vFFR demonstrated good correlation and diagnostic performance compared with invasive FFR for the assessment of intermediate coronary lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived stress and cardiac autonomic function among Indian medical undergraduates: A cross-sectional heart rate variability study.","authors":"Mohit D Gupta, Shreya Sabherwal, Vrinda Goel, M P Girish, Manu Shetty, Samaksha Prabhakaran, Tanmay Gill, Saanvi Puri, Arnav Singh, Vardhana Sharma, Anushka Sharma, Anubha Gupta, Manasvi Shukla, Prashant Mishra, Aradhana Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic stress is linked to impaired academic performance, emotional strain and autonomic dysregulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective, non-invasive marker of autonomic function. However, Indian undergraduate cohorts remain underrepresented in integrative studies combining perceived stress, HRV and lifestyle correlates within the competency-based curriculum framework.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence and dominant domains of perceived stress using the Medical Students' Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ), and analyse associations between perceived stress and HRV parameters among MBBS students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 406 MBBS students across four academic years at a government medical college were assessed using the MSSQ-40. Resting 10-s ECG recordings were used to derive ultra-short-term time-domain HRV indices. Group comparisons were performed using non-parametric methods, and multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with perceived-stress severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 77.09% of students reported moderate-to-high perceived stress. Academic-related and teaching-learning-related stressors were prominent contributors to the overall stress profile. HRV indices did not differ significantly across mild, moderate and high stress categories in the overall cohort. Academic-year groups showed differences in selected HRV indices, including RMSSD; however, these differences did not follow a consistent monotonic pattern across academic seniority. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression, sex, balanced-meal frequency, leisure engagement, physical activity and academic year were not independently associated with stress severity after correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perceived stress was common among Indian medical undergraduates, particularly in academic and teaching-learning domains. Broad perceived-stress categories were not associated with significant differences in ultra-short-term ECG-derived HRV. Selected HRV indices varied across academic-year cohorts, but these cross-sectional findings should be considered exploratory and should not be interpreted as evidence of progressive autonomic change during medical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of Rheumatic heart disease from India: A clarion call for action.","authors":"Harshit Khare, Aditya Kapoor, Satyendra Tewari, Rakesh Yadav, Nitish Naik","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>RHD is a chronic condition resulting from untreated streptococcal throat infections and recurrent attacks of ARF. It primarily affects children and young adults and the greatest risk for a primary episode of ARF is in those aged 5 to 15 years. The peak prevalence of RHD occurs many years later, frequently between 25 and 45 years of age, possibly highlighting the aftermath of recurrent episodes of ARF. Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remain a significant yet often overlooked health challenge in India. Despite being a preventable and treatable condition, RHD continues to affect many patients and places a heavy burden on our healthcare system. As we stand at the precipice of progress in combating ARF and RHD, a renewed call to critically review our control strategies and research priorities is imperative. Although there have been advances in medical knowledge, the battle against this preventable yet persistently devastating disease demands a heightened sense of urgency and a commitment to innovation. The path forward requires a comprehensive re-evaluation, and much work lies ahead to achieve our goal of eradicating ARF and RHD. Eliminating RHD from India is not only imperative but also a moral and ethical obligation. By addressing underlying social determinants, strengthening healthcare systems, and implementing evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, we can achieve this goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of concomitant PCI and TAVR versus TAVR alone in patients with severe aortic stenosis: A retrospective study.","authors":"Ravinder Singh Rao, Akshay Prashanth Giri, Lakshmi Durga Kumaraguruparan, Kailash Chandra, Prashant Vardhney, Narayan Sharma, Vinod Kumar Balakrishnan, Sadhanandham Shanmugasundaram, Sankaran Ramesh, Jayanty Satyanarayana Murthy, Sadagopan Thanikachalam, Nagendra Boopathy Senguttuvan","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe aortic stenosis (AS) and coronary artery disease frequently coexist, yet the optimal management strategy for patients undergoing TAVR with concomitant CAD remains debated. Our study compared safety outcomes and procedural characteristics of concomitant TAVR and PCI versus TAVR alone in a two-center Indian population with severe AS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, multi-center, case-control study included 30 consecutive patients undergoing planned concomitant TAVR and PCI and 30 age-, sex-, and valve-type-matched TAVR-alone controls identified from the same study period. PCI was performed for angiographically confirmed proximal coronary stenosis ≥70% or as deemed appropriate according to the study protocol. The primary outcome was VARC-3 defined any bleeding or vascular complication through hospital dischargeSecondary outcomes included in-hospital and 30-day mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, acute kidney injury, pacemaker implantation, fluoroscopy time, and contrast volume.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty concomitant TAVR-PCI patients and 30 matched TAVR-alone controls were included. The primary outcome occurred in 3 patients (10.0%) versus 2 patients (6.7%; p > 0.99), with a risk difference of 3.3 percentage points (95% CI, -12.7 to 19.7). No major or life-threatening bleeding events occurred. Fluoroscopy time (38.6 ± 23.2 vs. 26.8 ± 10.0 min; p < 0.01) and contrast volume (166.7 ± 65.5 vs. 99.6 ± 37.7 mL; p < 0.001) were higher with concomitant PCI. No in-hospital or 30-day deaths or myocardial infarctions occurred in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this small, retrospective, two-center cohort, concomitant PCI at the time of TAVR was not associated with an observed excess of bleeding or vascular complications compared with TAVR alone. These findings are hypothesis-generating and support the feasibility of a concomitant strategy in carefully selected patients at experienced, high-volume centers; they do not establish safety equivalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the Letter to the Editor regarding \"Evolving spectrum and outcomes of infective endocarditis in North India: A comparative analysis between people who inject drugs and those who do not.\"","authors":"Keshav Sachdeva, Akash Batta, Bishav Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thromboelastography-based assessment of thrombus burden in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.","authors":"Satyavir Yadav, Tushar Sehgal, Rajiv Narang, Nayer Jamshed, Ambuj Roy, Nitish Naik, Chhavi Garg, Bhawna Rao, Edwin Sam Asirvatham","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thromboelastography (TEG) offers real-time evaluation of hemostatic function and holds promise for assessing thrombus burden during ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to validate the diagnostic utility of kaolin-activated TEG in correlating coagulation parameters with angiographic thrombus burden in acute STEMI patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-one consecutive STEMI patients (age 18-75 years) underwent TEG testing during emergency visit just prior to primay percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Diagnostic validity for TEG indices (R-time, K-time, α-angle, MA, CI, TPI, Ly30) was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and odds ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>R-time and K-time showed high specificity (96.4% and 85.7%, respectively) and positive predictive values (85.7% and 75%), supporting their use as specific indicators (\"SPIN\") for thrombus presence. However, sensitivity of all indices was low (R: 12.5%, K: 27.3%), limiting their utility as screening tools. The α-angle and MA displayed moderate specificity (71.4% and 57.7%), with positive predictive values of 60% and 63.3% respectively. The α-angle significantly correlated with higher thrombus grades (p = 0.01), indicating faster fibrin polymerization in more severe cases. Gains in diagnostic knowledge were highest for R-min (23%) and K-min (14%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Kaolin-activated TEG, particularly R-time and K-time, demonstrates high specificity but limited sensitivity for identifying high thrombus burden during STEMI. The α-angle remains clinically informative for clot kinetics. While TEG may complement existing assessments for targeted antithrombotic therapy, its greatest utility lies in confirming, rather than screening for, severe thrombus burden. Further prospective studies are warranted to refine its prognostic value (Graphical abstract).</p>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics based biomarkers in acute coronary syndrome: Towards precision in cardiovascular medicine.","authors":"Yash Paul Sharma, Ankur Mittal, Kraticka Singhal, Naveena N, Juniali Hatwal, Akshyaya Pradhan, Ashish Singh, Bishav Mohan, Akash Batta","doi":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ihj.2026.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. High-throughput omics technologies offer opportunities for more comprehensive understanding of ACS pathophysiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase (January 2015-April 2026) identified 8731 records. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed for studies selected for detailed evidence synthesis using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, QUADAS-2 and AMSTAR-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systematic searching identified 866 primary studies and 47 systematic reviews. Detailed synthesis focused on the most robust and replicated biomarker candidates where ceramide risk scores, GDF-15, MPO and miR-208a emerged as particularly promising while multi-omics machine-learning models improved ACS classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multi-omics approaches may enhance precision risk stratification in ACS although prospective validation and standardization remain essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":13384,"journal":{"name":"Indian heart journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}