Cardiometabolic risk factors among adults in rural, urban, and urban slum population in eight states of India.

Background: Lifestyle and epidemiological transition have resulted in increasing burden of diet-related chronic diseases among the population, which are contributing to increasing morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia and their associated risk factors among the adults.

Method: A Multistage random sampling procedure was adopted for this community-based cross-sectional study carried out in eight states in urban, urban slum, and rural adult (≥18 years) populations of India. Household socioeconomic and demographic particulars, anthropometric, blood pressure measurements, and blood collection were done from all the selected subjects. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.

Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.5 % (CI = 22.1-25) and 6.7 % (CI = 5.8-7.6) respectively, and was higher among women (25.8 %; CI = 23.7-27.9) and among urban (28.6 %; CI = 26-31.3) adults. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 44 % (CI = 42.3-45.7) and 21 % (CI = 19.8-22.6) respectively; and was higher among the elderly (62 % and 29.7 %) and among urban (46.7 % and 25 %) population. Hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL was observed among 15 % (M: 15.5 %; F: 14.5 %) and 43 % (M: 40 %; F: 46.8 %) of subjects, and was higher in urban compared to rural areas. The odds of hypertension and diabetes were higher among men, among the elderly, among the overweight and obese individuals, with abdominal and truncal obesity, and among increased CRP levels.

Conclusions: The burden of cardiometabolic risk factors is substantial among adults in the eight states evaluated. The risk factors are greater among men, the elderly and in urban areas.