{"title":"A comparison of current motor technologies appropriate for petroleum and chemical applications","authors":"M. Melfi, J. Ikaheimo, R. Lawrence","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549646","url":null,"abstract":"A number of different motor configurations have been proposed to either replace or augment the commonly applied three phase induction motor. Motors with permanent magnets, segmented stators, concentrated windings, five or six phase windings, cast copper rotors, salient pole rotors, solid rotors, and hybrid combinations of these have all been touted as having superior characteristics in one way or another. This paper will gather a wide range of competing technologies and compare and contrast them on a number of attributes. In addition to comparisons of efficiency, power factor, relative cost, and power density, these technologies will also be contrasted in regard to other specific benefits they may bring to an application. They will be compared as to how the technology scales to different sizes and speeds. They will also be compared as to their applicability to fixed and variable speed applications, including what simplicity or complexity that they may bring to an electronic controller that they may need to be matched with. In the end, this paper will provide a clean and consistent comparison of a range of possible technologies that may be used in applications in the petroleum and chemical industries.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125558547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing motor and drives packages for best cost of ownership, performance & reliability","authors":"R. Finley, N. Lang, M. Harshman, T. Gaerke","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549683","url":null,"abstract":"In modern industrial systems, it can be shown that there is a large advantage in total cost of ownership to match driven equipment, variable speed drives, and motors at ratings which fully utilize said components. Many industries see a demand for larger and larger power ratings where the sizing of the components and selection of operating points becomes much more critical than their smaller predecessors. These operating points include, at which speed the equipment is capable of operating, at what voltage, and at what temperature. These factors will impact the initial capital cost of the system, the operating cost in terms of power consumption, as well as the flexibility or robustness of the system. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of selecting the appropriate operating voltage, as well as the benefits of matching fully utilized components. These benefits can be shown to provide enough return on investment to justify collaborative development efforts between various equipment manufacturers, thusly providing most cost effective, reliable solutions.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122448733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Renforth, R. Armstrong, D. Clark, S. Goodfellow, P. Hamer
{"title":"A new technique for the remote partial discharge monitoring of the stator insulation of high-voltage motors located in “Ex” (hazardous) locations","authors":"L. Renforth, R. Armstrong, D. Clark, S. Goodfellow, P. Hamer","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549674","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a paper on the application of a new technique for the remote on-line partial discharge monitoring of the stator insulation condition of in-service, high-voltage rotating machines. The technique applies wideband, ferrite-based high frequency current transformer sensors and high resolution measurement technology. This remote partial discharge monitoring technique has significant advantages when monitoring motors which are located in Ex hazardous gas zones in oil and gas and petrochemical facilities. The paper includes a technical review of published papers covering some of the history of the development of modern, on-line partial discharge sensors and measurement systems for rotating machines. This is followed by a comparison of the various partial discharge sensor options available and an introduction to the remote wideband partial discharge monitoring measurement technique employed by the authors. A case study from a recent pilot project (August 2011) where the new remote partial discharge monitoring measurement techniques were successfully trialed to measure partial discharge activity of in-service 10 kV motors in an oil processing facility is also presented.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134009975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. F. Oliveira, M. Saidel, A. R. S. Queiroz, E. N. Filho
{"title":"Renewable sources at offshore petroleum and gas production platforms","authors":"M. F. Oliveira, M. Saidel, A. R. S. Queiroz, E. N. Filho","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549652","url":null,"abstract":"The petroleum and chemical industries are facing pressure to become more energy efficient and sustainable. The use of green energy is a feasible option to address that issue. This paper discusses the application of various source technologies available to offshore petroleum and gas production platforms. The pros and cons of each source is considered, as applied to critical systems, including safety systems. A hybrid system using photovoltaic cells and wind generation, installed on an offshore platform in Brazil is reviewed.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134545403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specification and judging of high speed rotating machinery with AMB - A practical guideline for OEMS, EPC and end users","authors":"H. Walter, J. Denk, Bert-Uwe Koehler","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549643","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on practical questions arising when purchasing or specifying high speed rotating machines with active magnetic bearings (AMB). It may be used as a guideline for end users, engineering/ procurement/construction (EPC) companies and original equipment manufacturers (OEM) in their engineering and their purchase departments. The paper explains and discusses the most important characteristics of AMB systems as well as the necessary documents of the vendor to prove feasibility of the AMB application. The authors' intention is to bring the AMB technology down from the highly technical discussion among specialists to the level of general understanding for every engineer or person with technical background.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115311763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ostojic, Renato Yabiku, J. Vico, P. F. Lopes, A. Balista
{"title":"Improving the usage of temperature sensors for motor thermal protection","authors":"P. Ostojic, Renato Yabiku, J. Vico, P. F. Lopes, A. Balista","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549681","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents different aspects of using temperature sensors as a part of the motor thermal model. Different types of sensors, mostly used on medium voltage machines, are presented. The most common solutions of building sensors into motor windings are described. The differences between induction and synchronous motors are discussed regarding the benefits of temperature sensor usage. It is considered how a sensor's accuracy and time response can influence the efficiency of thermal motor protection. The basics of a typical temperature biasing algorithm are explained. A few modifications of the commonly used biasing methods are proposed. An option of comparing the calculated thermal capacity used with sensor readouts in the case of longer constant motor load conditions is discussed.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114234750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical and mechanical differences between NEMA/IEEE and IEC ac low voltage random wound induction motors","authors":"R. McElveen, J. Korkeakoski, J. Malinowski","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549685","url":null,"abstract":"The primary standard for low voltage, random wound, induction motors in North American countries is National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) MG 1-2011. In some other countries, the governing standard is International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60034-1:2010. This paper compares performance, design and construction details of NEMA and IEC three phase, low voltage, random wound alternating current (AC) induction motors. Not only are there obvious mechanical mounting and dimensional differences, but design practices and electrical design norms are different as well. Users must recognize and provide for these variations as they manage projects in different parts of the world. Although testing standards have been fundamentally harmonized between IEEE, CSA and IEC in recent years, efficiency requirements in various countries are not uniform. Obtaining motors in compliance with common standards such as IEEE 841 or API 610 becomes difficult when considering IEC motor designs. This paper discusses the challenges that arise when trying to apply a NEMA based standard to an IEC motor design and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129856705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Åsgard subsea gas compression - Technology qualification testing with high-speed VSD and very long step-out cable","authors":"B. Monsen, K. Rongve, T. Laegreid, C. Gutscher","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549653","url":null,"abstract":"The power system including Variable Speed Drives, transformers and long subsea power cables is one of the main building blocks in the development of subsea gas compression. This paper presents results from full scale technology qualification testing of a power system onshore where the Variable Speed Drive is controlling a 188 Hz, 7.8 MW gas compressor motor over a simulated distance of 47 km. The extensive testing shows that it is possible to control the compressor/motor speed from start-up throughout the whole load envelope without need for motor voltage and current feedback. By use of estimator-based control it is also possible to provide motor overcurrent protection. The paper shows how resonances in the long cable system can be handled by use of optimization of the generated voltage waveform instead of using Variable Speed Drive sine filter. The successful technology qualification shows applicability for subsea compressors with a rated frequency of up to 200 Hz, at least 8 MW shaft power and a step-out distance of at least 50 km.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116202379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in generator control and automatic synchronization - Eliminating the need for standalone synchronization systems","authors":"N. Seeley, C. Craig, T. Rainey","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549648","url":null,"abstract":"Flexibility in the control of electric power generation within an industrial facility can be improved through the implementation of technology associated with recent advances in electrical system measurement techniques and communications protocols. While generator speed governing and synchronization technology has remained relatively static in recent years, advancements in generator control, including the ability to eliminate the need for standalone bus synchronization systems, are described in this paper. For such advanced systems, time-synchronized measurement and control of generators are required, using technology such as IEEE C37.118 (synchronized phasor measurements). Time-synchronized measurements implemented in each generator governor controller allow precise control of a power system island or group of islands relative to each other or to a master reference. Accordingly, independent, perpetually synchronized power system islands were tested in a laboratory using time-synchronized governor controllers. The results are documented, and conclusions are drawn regarding the feasibility and usefulness of such technology. Additionally, challenges related to control and synchronization difficulties faced at a variety of industrial facilities are discussed, as well as how this new control technology can help overcome such difficulties.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131559978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conducted and radiated anomalies in medium voltage switchgear introduced by arc flash events","authors":"K. Krause, D. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549651","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution networks are susceptible to spurious transients, both low and high frequency ringing, conducted and radiated emissions resulting from arc flash events. This paper introduces the phenomena of resonance and electromagnetic radiation emissions associated with the conductors and inherent capacitance. The paper addresses the effect on the peripheral equipment used for control and protection coordination as well as critical loads.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122956264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}