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A novel approach for Arc-Flash detection and mitigation: At the speed of light and sound 一种新的电弧闪光检测和缓解方法:以光和声的速度
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2013-04-08 DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822038
J. Vico, P. Parikh, D. Allcock, R. Luna
{"title":"A novel approach for Arc-Flash detection and mitigation: At the speed of light and sound","authors":"J. Vico, P. Parikh, D. Allcock, R. Luna","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822038","url":null,"abstract":"Arc Flash (AF) protection is very important for all power and process industries to maintain safety of personnel at the workplace. As the amount of incident arc flash energy is a function of time, every millisecond counts in the race towards reducing the amount of incident energy to which an individual might be subjected. Since the introduction of the first arc flash detection technology, the ability to dynamically process not only light but also other signatures has become technologically and economically feasible - enabling faster operating times (less than 4 ms). This paper proposes a novel technology which utilizes a unique signature of the light and sound pressure signals during arc-flash within a metal clad switchgear/cabling compartments. The detection of light and sound from the patented sensor technology provides fast, secure, and cost effective protection against arc flash, even for low/load-current arcing events. Furthermore, the extensive laboratory testing is presented considering various scenarios, e.g. distance from the arc, sensor's exposure to the arc, directions between arc and sensor head, and arcing current. The testing results are analyzed and discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126415056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Collaborative arc flash management solutions in medium voltage switchgear 中压开关柜协同电弧闪光管理解决方案
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549686
K. Krause, S. Hutchinson, D. Burns, J. Arvola
{"title":"Collaborative arc flash management solutions in medium voltage switchgear","authors":"K. Krause, S. Hutchinson, D. Burns, J. Arvola","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549686","url":null,"abstract":"Many articles have been written about arc flash events mostly with a single focus. This paper brings forth a wider view with time/distance analysis of different arc abatement technologies in medium voltage metalclad switchgear. The IEEE C37.20.7 actual test data from KEMA- Powertest, Inc offers the reader a true snapshot of pressures developed within standard metalclad switchgear enclosure using the latest blend of arc abatement topologies. Comparisons are made between the 3 prevalent technologies which address arc flash by time-magnitude approach boundaries. This paper also addresses the phenomena associated with electrical arcs within medium voltage switchgear by developing an introductory understanding of the generation of an arc and the pressure damages that both equipment and personnel, may encounter.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115630745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lubrication - Crucial for rotating machines 润滑-对旋转机器至关重要
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549673
R. Mistry, R. Maynus
{"title":"Lubrication - Crucial for rotating machines","authors":"R. Mistry, R. Maynus","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549673","url":null,"abstract":"Any rotating machine has at least one rotating element. This element can be a rotor of an electric motor or a turbine, compressor or pump. This element is supported by the sleeve bearings or rolling element bearings. Rotating machinery's reliable operation can be critical for the bottom line production goals and financial results in petrochemical, transportation and chemical products processing. The lubrication performs a crucial role in reliable operation of these rotating machineries. This paper will discuss the different types of the lubrications, their properties and proper methods of lubrications, frequencies and consequences of not adhering to the proper maintenance processes.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116834840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IEEE STD 515-2011 electrical resistance trace heating - The next step in harmonization IEEE STD 515-2011电阻道加热-协调的下一步
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549641
R. Hulett, D. D Brown
{"title":"IEEE STD 515-2011 electrical resistance trace heating - The next step in harmonization","authors":"R. Hulett, D. D Brown","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549641","url":null,"abstract":"Since its initial publication in 1983, IEEE 515 has been the primary industrial trace heating standard in the US and the basis for many other countries and international industrial trace heating standards. With the overall objective of one worldwide standard for industry, the goals of revised IEEE P515 were to incorporate technical updates and further harmonize with international industrial trace heating standards. The two industrial trace heating standards considered were IEC 60079-30 -1 & -2 [1] [2] and CSA 130-03 [3]. This paper presents the key changes in IEEE 515-2011 [4], the process used for harmonization, and the rationale for the additions and changes.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130399399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arc flash mitigation in a chemical and refining facility using IEC 61850 使用IEC 61850的化学和精炼设备中的电弧闪光缓解
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549669
F. Dixon, M. Yunas, V. Wedelich, J. Howard, H. E. Brown, S. Sauer, Y. Xu, T. Markello, W. Sheikh
{"title":"Arc flash mitigation in a chemical and refining facility using IEC 61850","authors":"F. Dixon, M. Yunas, V. Wedelich, J. Howard, H. E. Brown, S. Sauer, Y. Xu, T. Markello, W. Sheikh","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549669","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design, testing, and commissioning of modified low voltage switchgear located in a major chemical and refining complex. The intent of the redesign was to significantly reduce the incident energy at the line and bus side of the low voltage lineups. The company mandated that the incident energy should be reduced to Category 3 (25 cal/cm2 or less) at the low voltage line side of the main breakers and to Category 2 (8 cal/cm2 or less) at the bus or load side of the low voltage main breakers. To achieve the reduction of incident energy, new relaying schemes used arc flash sensors and high speed Ethernet networks with GOOSE messaging to send protection and metering information to upstream relays. This paper describes the efforts to modify the equipment, the demonstration tests to show that the protection scheme worked as expected, and the system commissioning.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123499513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Vibration and rotor dynamics of large high-speed motors driving compressors in the oil and gas industry 油气工业中驱动压缩机的大型高速电机的振动和转子动力学
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549678
S. Singhal
{"title":"Vibration and rotor dynamics of large high-speed motors driving compressors in the oil and gas industry","authors":"S. Singhal","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549678","url":null,"abstract":"All electric drive compressor systems are not only more efficient and reliable, but also help to reduce the CO2 footprint. Another advantage of using fully electric drives instead of gas turbines is that electric motors can start up the process much faster and smoother than gas turbine compressor systems. Besides the mechanical design, rotordynamic design, external factors such as foundation design can affect the vibration of the drive train.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134535107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
IEC & IEEE medium voltage distribution equipment standards, review & analysis IEC和IEEE中压配电设备标准，审核和分析
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549638
M. Valdes, Xuhui Ren, S. Sapre, M. Trivette, S. Meiners
{"title":"IEC & IEEE medium voltage distribution equipment standards, review & analysis","authors":"M. Valdes, Xuhui Ren, S. Sapre, M. Trivette, S. Meiners","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549638","url":null,"abstract":"Global users of electrical power equipment are increasingly given the option of implementing either NEMA/ANSI or IEC equipment on projects. In many parts of the world either set of standards may apply. IEC and IEEE standards have come substantially closer over the last decade. However differences remain. The authors will explain differences in the applicable standards and what those differences may mean to a user. The intent is to provide the user an analytical basis upon which to understand the tradeoffs that may be made choosing one set of standards versus the other.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130945202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Adding life and safety to existing substations 增加现有变电站的寿命和安全性
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549664
M. A. Metzdorf, M. C. Martín, J. Webb
{"title":"Adding life and safety to existing substations","authors":"M. A. Metzdorf, M. C. Martín, J. Webb","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549664","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss a set of projects in a large US chemical manufacturing facility which lowered the arc flash incident energy at several 480-volt switchgear lineups and extended the life of the equipment through the installation of retrofit circuit breakers. After the arc flash hazard study was completed at the facility, it was found that many 480-volt, 1000 kVA substation switchgear lineups had incident energy levels well above safe working conditions. Additionally, with major unit outages approaching, it was desired to find a cost-effectively way to extend the life of the existing, 35-year old equipment. Through analysis and field trials it was determined that the upstream fuses could be replaced with a lower rating and significantly reduce the arc flash incident energy to within acceptable levels. Additionally, a retrofit circuit breaker was found which did not require any physical modifications to the switchgear and provided a new breaker in place of the old equipment. The advanced features of the new breaker trip unit allows personnel to activate an alternate trip setting which lowers the downstream arc flash incident energy on the motor control centers to minimal levels allowing less protective equipment when performing common energized tasks. Finally, with the addition of electrical control, personnel are able to operate the new breakers remotely outside of the arc flash hazard boundary.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117055953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Optimization of pipeline energy consumption 管道能耗优化
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549642
T. Hazel, G. Stanley, M. Ford, T. Collins
{"title":"Optimization of pipeline energy consumption","authors":"T. Hazel, G. Stanley, M. Ford, T. Collins","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549642","url":null,"abstract":"Today's pipeline operators are required to balance operational efficiency, financial performance and long term sustainability. Transporting hydrocarbons efficiently and safely is a demanding task and energy consumption is one of the major operating costs and also source of emissions. The paper describes how new applications based on pipeline simulation can contribute to lowering energy costs and optimizing operations while continuing to achieve the required delivery schedules within safety and operating margins. This simulation-based approach considers different energy costs across the pipeline pump/compressor stations, utility contracts, pump/compressor efficiency and the cost-benefit of using drag-reducing agents. It is a valuable tool for energy managers and pipeline operators to optimize energy costs. It can be seamlessly integrated into the SCADA infrastructure which provides the real-time views and reporting of all energy and process variables, including the cost savings achieved.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130815893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applying synchronous motors to reciprocating compressors 将同步电机应用于往复式压缩机
2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549672
T. Griffith, D. Bogh, J. Krukowski
{"title":"Applying synchronous motors to reciprocating compressors","authors":"T. Griffith, D. Bogh, J. Krukowski","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2012.6549672","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the technical requirements to properly and satisfactorily apply a synchronous motor to a reciprocating compressor as installed in refining and petrochemical industries. Issues crucial to understanding the mechanical nature of these compressors and successful operation of motor-compressor trains are identified and appropriate solutions are described in detail. It is the goal of this paper to foster a better understanding by electrical engineers of the properties and behavior of reciprocating types of driven mechanical equipment.","PeriodicalId":133636,"journal":{"name":"2012 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129263298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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