Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Colours of India: Uniting Endocrinologists in Fitness and Friendship.","authors":"Lakshmi Nagendra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Nitin Kapoor, Shehla Shaikh, Sambit Das, Sunetra Mondal, Jaideep Khare, Sunil Kota, Sachin Mittal, Rajneesh Mittal, Suja Sukumar, Chitra Selvan, Mohan Shenoy, Shalin Shah, Sharvil Gadve, Rajesh Verma, Balram Sharma, Deep Dutta, Venkata Rm Mamidala, Altamash Shaikh, Prem Narayanan, Sushil Jindal, Santosh Ramakrishnan, Sanjay Kalra","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_64_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_64_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colours of India is an annual cultural phenomenon that transcends the boundaries of professional conferences, uniting endocrinologists through the universal language of music and dance. Since its inception in 2016, this vibrant event has brought together teams from across India and other participating countries, showcasing diverse dance forms while fostering friendships, promoting wellness, and celebrating cultural diversity within the medical community.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"470-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide Alone and in Combination with Semaglutide (Cagrisema) as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, B G Harish, Meha Sharma, Ameya Joshi, Basavanagowdappa Hathur, Abm Kamrul-Hasan","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_45_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_45_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No meta-analysis has analysed role of cagrilintide as weight-loss medication in obese individuals. Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving obese individuals receiving cagrilintide or cagrilintide-2.4 mg with semaglutide-2.4 mg combination (Cagrisema) compared to placebo/active comparator. Primary outcomes were changes in body weight; secondary outcomes were alterations in glycemia, lipids, and adverse events. From 678 articles, data from 3 RCTs involving 430 individuals were analysed. At 20-32 weeks, patients receiving Cagrisema weekly had significantly greater percentage [mean difference (MD)-9.07% (95%CI: -11.91, -6.23); <i>P</i> < 0.00001;<i>I</i> ² = 96%] and absolute [MD-9.11 kg (95%CI: -12.84, -5.39); <i>P</i> < 0.00001; <i>I</i> ² = 98%] weight-loss, compared to semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly. At 26-32 weeks, cagrilintide 2.4 mg had a similar percentage [MD - 1.83% (95%CI: -4.08, -0.42); <i>P</i> = 0.11; <i>I</i> ² = 98%] and absolute [MD - 1.88 kg (95%CI: -4.23,0.47); <i>P</i> = 0.12; <i>I</i> ² = 98%] weight-loss, compared to semaglutide/liraglutide. Treatment-emergent and serious adverse events were comparable between groups. Gastrointestinal adverse events and vomiting were significantly higher with Cagrisema compared to semaglutide. Vomiting was significantly lower with cagrilintide compared to semaglutide/liraglutide. Cagrisema outperforms semaglutide regarding weight loss. Cagrilintide shows comparable weight loss to semaglutide/liraglutide with significantly lower vomiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"436-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut-Brain Hormone Analogues and Metabolic Magic Wand.","authors":"Jubbin J Jacob","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_460_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_460_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"433-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Sheehan's Syndrome.","authors":"Christian Saleh","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_301_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_301_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"548-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Children: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study.","authors":"Rajasekar Gokulakrishnan, Chinnaiah G Delhikumar, Gandhipuram P Senthilkumar, Jayaprakash Sahoo, Ramachandran R Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_353_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_353_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Childhood obesity is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which results in obesity-related comorbidities. This study compared the inflammatory markers between obese and normal children and assessed obesity-related comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional analytical study, 40 obese children between 5-18 years of age were recruited as cases, and an equal number of age and gender-matched normal children as the control. The inflammatory markers-high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and adiponectin were compared between the groups. Hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were screened among obese children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a male-female ratio of 1.5:1 in each group. The median hs-CRP between obese and normal children were 2.53 mg/L (0.94,6.85) and 0.77 mg/L (0.19,7.19), and the median IL-6 levels were 3.56 pg/ml (2.17,5.48) and 3.76 pg/ml (1.08,7.91) respectively. The median IL-10 levels between obese and control groups were 2.06 pg/ml (0.35,6.3) and 1.82 pg/ml (0.41,6.5), and the median adiponectin levels between the groups were 8.6 mcg/ml (6.65,16.04) and 9.79 mcg/ml (8.45,11.91) respectively. We didn't observe significant differences in the markers between the groups. Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome were seen in 80%, 52.5%, and 45% of obese children, respectively. Other comorbidities-NAFLD, hypertension, and hypothyroidism, were observed in 27.5%, 25%, and 7.5% of obese children, respectively. IL-6 had a significant positive correlation with total cholesterol (r = 0.40), LDL levels (r = 0.50), and HDL (r = 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no difference in inflammatory markers between obese and normal children. Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were the most common comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"542-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Type 2 Diabetes and Hypogonadism in India: An Observational Study.","authors":"Ambika G Unnikrishnan, Banshi D Saboo, Anirban Majumdar, Ravi K Saraogi, Shanmuga Sundar, Shriraam Mahadevan, Anantharaman Ramakrishnan, Indraneel Basu, Deep Dutta, Arpan D Bhattacharya, Prakadeesh Bharathi, Kalpesh Gawand","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_262_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_262_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypogonadism is a common comorbidity associated with several metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D) that can remain undetected without proper screening. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of hypogonadism in Indian male patients with T2D with or without obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, observational study, male patients with T2D and hypogonadism were evaluated symptomatically using the androgen deficiency in ageing male (ADAM) questionnaire at baseline and confirmed on the basis of total testosterone (TT) levels (<300 ng/dL) at Days 5-7 (Visit 2) and 9-14 (Visit 4) assessed after 12 hours of fasting between 8 AM and 10 AM. Prevalence of hypogonadism was presented as proportion of patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 598 enrolled patients, 526 completed the study. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 50.4 (9.12) years. The percentage of patients with TT <300 ng/dL at visit 2 was 18.4%, while upon repeat confirmation, it reduced to 8.6%. Thus, the prevalence of true hypogonadism was 8.6%. Prevalence of hypogonadism in patients with BMI range of >30 kg/m² (obese) was 11.1%. At screening, 81.4% (487 of 598) patients had positive ADAM questionnaire results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevalence of hypogonadism in Indian patients with T2D was found to be 8.6% upon repeat evaluation of testosterone. Symptomatic (ADAM questionnaire) as well as biochemical (total testosterone levels with repeat evaluation) confirmation is vital in the definite diagnosis of male hypogonadism.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"473-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parietal Cell Antibodies in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Implications for Iron Deficiency: A Tertiary Centre Experience from North India.","authors":"Khurshid A Bhat, Sonali Verma, Eesh Bhatia, Vijayalakshmi Bhatia, Siddhnath Sudhanshu","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_176_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_176_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parietal cell antibody (PCA)-mediated auto-immune gastritis is known to increase the risk of iron-deficiency and pernicious anaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes, these data are scarce. We aimed to study the prevalence of parietal cell antibodies (PCAs) and its clinical associations in people with type 1 diabetes with onset below 30 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, 224 children and young adults with type 1 diabetes and 171 healthy controls were enrolled. We measured haemoglobin, serum ferritin, vitamin B12, PCA, thyroid peroxidase, and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in all patients. Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data and Chi square test for categorical data were used. Linear regression analysis was performed with haemoglobin as a dependent variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of PCA was significantly higher in patients than in controls (22% vs 10.2%; <i>P</i> = 0.002). Patients with PCA had a higher frequency of anaemia (60% vs 30%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), lower haemoglobin [7.3 (1.6) vs 7.8 (1.1) mmol/L; <i>P</i> = 0.002], and lower serum ferritin [46.9 (70.8) pmol/L vs 66.0 (105.3) pmol/L; <i>P</i> = 0.04], as compared to those without PCA. On multivariate analysis, haemoglobin was associated with PCA (β = -0.174, <i>P</i> = 0.005) and serum ferritin (β =0.247, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Presence of PCA was an independent risk factor for iron deficiency and anaemia in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"536-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Guidelines for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its Adherence- A Narrative Review.","authors":"Anu Kaushik, Tejmeet K Rekhi, Seema Puri, Nikhil Tandon","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_104_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_104_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutritional guidelines are of importance in directing food choices of T1D patients. The objective is to summarise existing nutritional recommendations and examine its adherence by T1D patients. Literature was searched on dietary guidelines in T1D using electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, in English and 29 papers were selected. As per ADA, EASD, ISPAD, and ICMR guidelines, energy recommendations for T1D are based on ideal body weight to prevent overweight and obesity. The safe amounts of carbohydrates, protein and fat includes 50-55%, 15-20% and 25-30% of total energy respectively with fiber intake recommended at 20-30 g/day. Vitamin and mineral supplementation are beneficial in the presence of deficiency. Adherence to nutritional recommendations was suboptimal but better in those who were frequently consulting a dietician. As suboptimal dietary adherence leads to poor glycaemic control, nutritional guidelines must be followed to manage T1D and prevent or delay diabetic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"461-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Urban India: A Community Healthcare Setup-Based Study.","authors":"Priti Patil, Satish Mishra, Anita Gadgil, Prashant Bhandarkar, Nobhojit Roy, Laxmi K Dwivedi","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_346_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_346_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Foot ulcer is the most common cause of hospitalisation among people with diabetes (PWD). The objective of the study is to determine the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in the urban community in India and its relationship with glycemic level and demographic parameters like age and sex among diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was performed from January 2016 to December 2018 at an urban community set up in Mumbai. The study was conducted in a healthcare setting, providing lifelong contributory healthcare to beneficiaries of an employees' universal healthcare scheme. PWD from the community was identified using prescriptions of anti-diabetic medications. We identified patients with DFUs from electronic medical records from the hospital information system (HIS). The yearly incidence rate of DFU among PWD was estimated for the study period. The association between glycemic control and the demographic profile of patients with DFU was studied using binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study documents the average incidence of 66 DFU patients among 10,000 PWD per year in the community. Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds for the elderly age group (OR 2.863) compared to lower age for developing DFU. Similarly, poor control (HbA1c >7%) over glycemic level has a higher chance (OR 1.713) of DFU than that of optimum glycemic control (HbA1c ≤7%). Among the DFU, 15.29% of patients required amputation during the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study documents the community-level incidence of DFUs among patients with diabetes. High glycemic levels and elderly age groups (≥60) are the associated risk factors for DFU.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"494-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83007202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Correlation Between Glycaemic Variability Indices and Measures of Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Arjun Suresh, Bhargavi Kumar, Sindhumalini Boopathy, Saravanan Thangavelu","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_469_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_469_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a global health burden, and India is regarded as the diabetes capital of the world. Glycaemic variability (GV) is an established risk factor for hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose concentration <70 mg/dL) and a notorious risk factor for diabetes complications. The primary aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the GV indices, HbA1c levels, and measures of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was done for a period of 14 days in T2DM patients (n = 50). The GV indices were determined from the readings obtained from the CGM monitor. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for correlation analyses. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to assess the effectiveness of the various GV indices in predicting hypoglycaemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 50 T2DM patients had a mean (SD) age of 61.84 ± 11.88 years. Among the GV indices, high blood glucose index (HBGI), average daily risk range (ADRR), and continuous overall net glycaemic action (CONGA) had a significantly positive correlation with HbA1c levels. Average episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in 8 hours of night-time had a statistically significant negative correlation with the HbA1c levels (correlation coefficient: -0.301, <i>P</i> = 0.034). In addition, low blood glucose index (LBGI) was found to be the best predictor for the risk of hypoglycaemia in 24 hours and nocturnal hypoglycaemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various GV indices are associated with HbA1c levels and are better predictors of hypoglycaemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"28 5","pages":"522-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}