Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Tumour-Induced Osteomalacia in Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma: The Rest of the Story.","authors":"Sherin K Varghese, Rebecca John, Sreevatsa Tatachar, Kripa E Cherian","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_100_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_100_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"478-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics in Endocrinology: The Way Forward.","authors":"Shinjan Patra, Deep Dutta, Sanjay Kalra","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_488_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_488_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolomics is a type of laboratory science used to understand the cellular and metabolic defects in any disease process. It comprehensively identifies endogenous and exogenous low-molecular-weight (<1 kDa) molecules or metabolites in a high-throughput manner. Mass spectrometry-based methods are used for metabolomics which can be targeted and non-targeted. Metabolomics workflow consists of sample acquisition, its preparation and extraction, separation, ionisation, data analysis, and metabolite detection and identification. Some of the commonly elevated metabolomes are branched-chain amino acids like isoleucine, leucine, and valine in diabetes, carnitine and glutamate in osteoporosis, deoxycholic acid and betahydroxybutyrate in pituitary tumours, glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine for malignant thyroid nodules, L-asparagine, L-glutamine, dimethylarginine for hyperparathyroidism, tetrahydro-11-doxycortisol for adrenal tumours, and oxidised glutathione for hypogonadism. Knowing metabolomics can help us formulate personalised treatment choices for precision medicine in endocrinology. The main challenge ahead of metabolomics is its technical complexity and cost-benefit issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"394-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feminizing Adrenal Tumour - A Case Series from a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India.","authors":"Prashant Hubballi, Subhash Yadav, Preeti Dabadghao","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_9_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_9_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Benign adrenal tumours are frequently seen in endocrinology, affecting mostly men in middle aged. But incidentalomas are more common in the elderly. Functional adrenal tumours most commonly secrete cortisol, aldosterone and very rarely, oestrogen. But if mixed secretion is present (most commonly cortisol and androgen), it is prudent to suspect adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC), which in fact is rare < 5% of all adrenal tumours. ACC-secreting estradiol is rarer, 1-2% of all adrenal tumours. Most feminizing adrenal tumours (FATs) are malignant with a very poor prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a retrospective observational study conducted between January 2013-December 2023. Data was retrieved from the hospital information system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 156 patient profiles screened for adrenal tumours, four were selected for analysis who had elevated estradiol levels. The mean age was 45 years, with all being males. Two patients had ACC and two had benign tumours. All four had painless gynaecomastia. Three patients had mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) with worsening of diabetes, hypertension, and osteopenia. Estradiol levels were ranging from 301 to 3648 pmol/L. CT abdomen showed average size of tumour being 10.7 cm. Two patients had distant metastases to lung, liver, and bone. All underwent adrenalectomy, and one of them received post-adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with ACC had Weiss score of 6. Postoperatively, two patients had decreased estradiol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FATs are very rare in endocrinology, with most of them being ACC with a dire prognosis. Even with early diagnosis and treatment, the short-term survival is very poor.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"429-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sunshine and Synapses: Exploring the Vitamin D-Cognition Nexus among Young Tribal Adults of Meghalaya.","authors":"Ansifa S Abdullah, Shanthosh P Sundaram, Rituparna Barooah","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_469_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_469_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship between Vitamin D (VitD) levels and cognitive function in young adults remains unclear, with conflicting results in existing literature. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of VitD deficiency and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to explore the correlation between serum VitD levels and cognitive functions in young indigenous adults in Meghalaya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Shillong, Meghalaya, involving 137 healthy young individuals associated with the centre. Serum VitD levels were measured and categorised according to the classifications of the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and the Endocrine Society. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the Endocrine Society Classification, 85.4% (95% CI: 78.5%-90.3%) of participants were found to be VitD-deficient, and 51.1% (95% CI: 42.4%-59.7%) had MCI. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between serum VitD levels and cognitive functions (r = 0.096; <i>P</i> = 0.025). Adequate sun exposure was independently associated with higher serum VitD levels, and females were found to have better cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed a high prevalence of VitD deficiency and MCI in the young indigenous population with an identified positive association between the two conditions. However, the findings highlight the need for large-scale, multi-centric, longitudinal studies with follow-up assessments to further understand these relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"458-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetic Women with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.","authors":"Mahmood D Al-Mendalawi","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_105_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_105_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salient Observations from Clinical Profile and Long-Term Outcome of a Cohort of Patients with Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome.","authors":"Durairaj Arjunan, Nimisha Jain, Ravi Shah, Chirag K Ahuja, Ravimohan S Mavuduru, Girdhar S Bora, Rimesh Pal, Sanjay K Bhadada, Anil Bhansali, Rajender K Basher, Uma N Saikia, Rama Walia","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_96_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_96_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/corticotropin-releasing hormone production by tumours causes 5-10% of Cushing's syndrome cases. We present a 21-patient case series with ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS) from a tertiary care institute in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected retrospectively for patients from 1984 to 2004 and prospectively thereafter till 2019. This included clinical signs, diagnostic tests, comorbidities, imaging, management, outcomes, and follow-up data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study of 21 patients (14 males, mean age 32.4 ± 14 years) diagnosed with ECS, the mean lag period between the symptom onset and diagnosis was 15.9 ± 11.9 months. Predominant symptoms were proximal muscle weakness (85.7%), menstrual irregularity (85.7% of females), hyperpigmentation (76.2%), weight gain (61.9%), and infections (23.8%). Key signs included cuticular atrophy (100%), easy bruising (95.2%), and striae (71.4%). Despite 33.3% losing weight, 61.3% gained. 71.4% of the patients experienced diabetes, and 90.5% had hypertension as their metabolic complications. All patients exhibited disrupted cortisol circadian rhythms. The mean cortisol level at 0800 h was 1220 ± 556.2 nmol/L, while at 2300 h, it was 1108.3 ± 491.7 nmol/L. The median 0800-hour ACTH was 139 pg/ml. 22.2% displayed a paradoxical increase in morning cortisol post-high-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Thymic carcinoid is as prevalent as bronchial carcinoid in ECS causation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ECS is rare, but it is crucial to distinguish it from Cushing's disease, as tumour removal is the preferred treatment. In Cushing's syndrome evaluations, ECS should always be considered since no single test is definitive for its diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"434-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine Management of Adult Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: A Clinical Practice Guideline from Endocrine Society of India.","authors":"Anirban Majumder, Debmalya Sanyal, Soumyabrata R Chaudhuri","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_144_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_144_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"366-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoglycaemia During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Pregnancy and Feto-Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Deep Dutta, Manoj Kumar, Radhika Jindal, Ameya Joshi, Abul B M Kamrul-Hasan, Saptarshi Bhattacharya","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_140_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_140_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The significance of hypoglycaemia during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in pregnancy is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) evaluated if hypoglycaemia during OGTT predicts feto-maternal outcomes. Electronic databases were searched for studies in pregnancy where an OGTT at 24-28 weeks was done and feto-maternal outcomes were documented. Hypoglycaemia during OGTT (reactive hypoglycaemia) was defined as blood glucose < 90 mg/dl or less than the fasting-glucose value. Primary outcomes were the occurrence of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) admission. Secondary outcomes were birthweight, macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age (LGA), gestational age at delivery (GA), 5-minute Apgar score (5AS), caesarean section (CS), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Association of hypoglycaemia with pre-pregnancy maternal weight, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and maternal age was noted. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the preestablished protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42025644556). From initially screened 448 articles, data from 13 articles involving 30,462 women were analysed. Compared to normoglycemia, hypoglycaemia during OGTT was associated with significantly higher SGA [OR1.81;95%CI1.31-2.50; <i>P</i> = .0003], higher NICU admission [OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.17-1.76; <i>P</i> < .001; I² = 0%], lower birthweight [MD-68.38g; 95%CI -126.25- -10.52; <i>P</i> = .020], lower macrosomia [OR 0.60;95%CI 0.42-0.86;<i>P</i> < .005], higher 5AS <8 [OR2.53;95%CI1.37-4.68; <i>P</i> = .003], lower CS [OR 0.82;95%CI0.75-0.90; <i>P</i> < .0001], lower maternal pre-pregnancy weight [MD -4.90 kg; 95%CI 9.17-0.62; <i>P</i> = .02; <i>I</i> ² = 75%] and higher gestational-hypertension [OR 1.31; 95%CI 1.03 -1.66;<i>P</i> = .030]. The rates of SGA, LGA, 5AS <8, and maternal age were similar in women with hypoglycaemia and gestational diabetes. Hypoglycaemia during OGTT is associated with gestational hypertension, lower birthweight, increased SGA, higher NICU admission, and higher 5AS <8. Lower maternal pre-pregnancy weight was a predictor of hypoglycaemia during OGTT.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"381-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenal Insufficiency after Steroid Therapy in Children with Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Anoushka Kapila, Aaradhana Singh, Nishant Raizada, Anju Aggarwal","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_12_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_12_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency (AI) is underestimated and under-reported in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of AI in children with steroid-sensitive NS, defined by serum cortisol level <18 mcg/dL 30 minutes after low-dose adrenocorticotropin stimulation test (LDST) and/or baseline (8 AM) serum cortisol level <5 mcg/dL, 4-12 weeks after stopping steroid therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 73 children with steroid-sensitive NS, in remission and off steroids for 4-12 weeks, were enrolled from the Paediatrics Department at a tertiary care hospital. Baseline (8 AM) serum cortisol was measured, and LDST was done using 1 mcg tetracosactide acetate intravenously. The proportion of AI was calculated. Clinical features of AI and steroid toxicity were noted, and the association between the two was analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 73 children (45 males), 52 (71.2%, 95% confidence interval: 59.3%-80.9%) had AI as defined by serum cortisol level <18 mcg/dL 30 min after LDST and/or baseline (8 AM) serum cortisol level <5 mcg/dL at 4-12 weeks after completion of steroid therapy. A strong positive correlation was observed between 8 AM baseline serum cortisol levels and post-LDST serum cortisol levels. Children exhibiting features of steroid toxicity, such as cushingoid facies, had 4.96 times higher odds of having AI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There remains a high risk of AI even 4-12 weeks after completion of alternate-day steroid therapy in children with NS. Clinical features of steroid toxicity may serve as useful predictors of AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"423-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age of Puberty Onset among Healthy Schoolgirls in North Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study.","authors":"Sruthi Kotla, Vikrant Ghatnatti, Ashwini Narsannavar, Manjunath Goroshi, Vanishri Ganakumar, Pritish P Paricharak, Damacharlla Venkateswarlu","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_38_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_38_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Menarche, a critical milestone in adolescent development, is influenced by genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. While global trends indicate a secular decline in menarcheal age, region-specific data, particularly from North Karnataka, remain limited. This study estimates the age of menarche among adolescent schoolgirls in urban and rural areas of Belagavi, Karnataka, and explores the factors contributing to the occurrence of early menarche.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,150 schoolgirls aged 12-16, equally distributed across urban and rural areas. Data on demographics, lifestyle factors, and pubertal milestones were collected via structured questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was classified using the Indian Academy of Pediatrics BMI growth chart for girls. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age at menarche was 12.15 years (95% confidence interval: 10.37-13.93), while the mean age at thelarche was 10.04 years (95% CI: 8.24-11.84). Overweight and obese girls exhibited significantly earlier thelarche and menarche compared to their normal-weight and underweight peers (<i>P</i> < 0.001). BMI negatively correlated with the ages of both thelarche and menarche (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Rural girls had slightly earlier thelarche than urban girls (<i>P</i> = 0.012), though no significant difference was noted in menarcheal age (<i>P</i> = 0.887), likely due to similar BMI percentiles in both groups. Dietary habits and physical activity showed no significant association with pubertal timing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mean menarcheal age in our study was 12.15 years (10.37-13.93) and the mean thelarcheal age was 10.04 years (8.24-11.84). BMI was identified as a significant factor influencing earlier puberty.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"337-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}