Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Type 5 Diabetes- The Rejuvenated Spirit from a Ghost of the Past.","authors":"Felix Jebasingh, Nihal Thomas","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_404_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_404_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"249-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atreya: The Father of Organotherapy in Endocrinology.","authors":"Sanjay Kalra, Atul Dhingra","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_362_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_362_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"345-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared Dermal Thermometry in Active Charcot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy of Foot.","authors":"Jayaditya Ghosh, Raveena Singh, Ashu Rastogi","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_447_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_447_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 'acclimatization time' before temperature assessment for diagnosis and monitoring of active unilateral Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (CNO) of foot is not known. Therefore, we aimed to assess the appropriate acclimatization time for foot temperature at diagnosis and during follow-up assessment of patients with active CNO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients of diabetes with active unilateral CNO of foot were assessed for inter-feet temperature difference [affected foot-unaffected foot (°C)] at 10-, 30- and 45-minutes following shoe-off with a handheld infrared dermal thermometer. The primary objective was to assess the significance of different individual and paired time points for inter-feet temperature differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 30 patients were recruited and 96 paired inter-feet temperature difference readings were obtained. The median inter-feet temperature difference at 10 minutes was 3°C (2.4-4.4°C), 30 minutes was 3.2°C (2.5-4.45°C) and 45 minutes was 3.3°C (2.3-4.63°C) (<i>P</i> = 0.623). The correlation between paired temperature readings at 30 and 45 minutes (r = 0.914; <i>P</i> < 0.001) was better than that at 10 and 30 minutes (r = 0.724; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paired inter-feet temperature difference obtained at 30 and 45 minutes following footwear removal is clinically-meaningful for the diagnosis and monitoring of active unilateral CNO of feet.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"303-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Gliclazide versus Glimepiride in T2DM Patients: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Rifika Bansal, Ravi Kant, Yogesh Bahurupi, Ashwarya Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_372_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_372_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review compares the efficacy and safety of gliclazide and glimepiride in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A comprehensive search was conducted in multiple databases, including PubMed and Cochrane Library, to identify relevant randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Five studies were included based on pre-defined eligibility criteria, focussing on glycaemic control (HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and post-prandial blood glucose) and safety outcomes like hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular events. Data were extracted and synthesised using established systematic review methodologies, and risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane tools. Both gliclazide and glimepiride effectively reduced HbA1c, but gliclazide showed a lower risk of hypoglycaemia. However, elderly patients using gliclazide had an increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia and fractures. This review indicates that while both drugs are effective, gliclazide may have a safer profile in middle-aged adults, with glimepiride potentially being a better option for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"260-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>TCF7L2</i> rs12255372 Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Obesity: Experience from a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh.","authors":"Syed A Mahmood, Mohammad F Uddin, Marufa Mustari, Samira Mahjabeen, Sarojit Das, Md Kamrul Azad, Cfm Manzurur Rahim, Samira Moyeen, Shahjada Selim","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_471_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_471_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The transcription factor 7-like 2 (<i>TCF7L2</i>) gene emerged as the most promising gene causing type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is associated with obesity. However, the genetic factors underlying obesity in the South Asian population remain largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the <i>TCF7L2</i> gene polymorphism (rs12255372 G > T) and obesity, along with weight-related traits, in the Bangladeshi participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Endocrinology of a medical university. Eighty adults were enrolled by non-random sampling who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were categorized as obese and non-obese based on the WHO Expert Consultation 2004. The rs12255372 (G > T) polymorphism was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 80 participants, 28 were obese and 52 non-obese. An allelic odds ratio (OR) of 3.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56-9.54; <i>P</i> = 0.002) was found for the minor T allele of <i>TCF7L2</i> rs12255372 in obesity. A significant difference in GT genotype was observed between participants with obesity and without obesity (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.13-11.07; <i>P</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The minor T allele frequency of rs12255372 (G > T) among participants with obesity and without obesity were about 27% and 9%, respectively, indicating the rs12255372 (G > T) polymorphism of the <i>TCF7L2</i> gene may be associated with the risk of obesity in the studied Bangladeshi population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"313-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About Time We Stop Sweeping it Under the Carpet - The Effects of Psychological Abuse on Endocrine Conditions in Women in India.","authors":"Sowrabha Bhat","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_423_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_423_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"285-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Universal Screening with a Combination of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycated Haemoglobin is the Best Community Screening Strategy for Dysglycaemia in Indian Youth.","authors":"Abilash Nair, Jabbar P Khadar, Jayakumari Chellama, Alpesh Goyal, Sriharii Sivakumar, Tanvir K Gandhi, Bipin K Gopal, Joy John, Giri Vishnu, Anish T Surendran Nair, Amal Kingsley, Chintha Sujatha, Fazeela AbdulSalam","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_413_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_413_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Any intervention to reduce the incidence of diabetes needs to target the young population at the stage of early insulin resistance or prediabetes. There are no screening guidelines for dysglycaemia in non-obese youth. This study was designed to find the best screening investigation for dysglycaemia in community-dwelling youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using multistage sampling, community-dwelling non-obese subjects aged 18-30 years were assessed for diabetes using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], fasting plasma glucose [FPG] and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at a health facility near the participants' home. Diagnosis of dysglycaemia (diabetes and prediabetes) was made based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2540 participants from 74 family welfare centres with a mean age of 24.2 ± 3.5 years and 1292 female (50.8%) participants were included. Urban, rural, coastal and hilly regions contributed 661 (26%), 580 (22.8%), 656 (25.8%) and 643 (25.3%) participants, respectively, and 88.4% of participants came from the middle or lower middle class. Diabetes was detected in 59 (2.3%) and prediabetes in 568 (22.4%) of these young participants. The sensitivity of HbA1c with FPG in diagnosing diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes was 87.87%, whereas the sensitivity of FPG and 2-h OGTT together was 44.2% (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of dysglycaemia in non-obese Indian youth is alarmingly high. There is an urgent need to define screening strategies for dysglycaemia in this population. Based on this study, universal screening for dysglycaemia using HbA1c and FPG in early adulthood is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"288-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenofibrate in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Avivar Awasthi, Deep Dutta, Ameya Joshi, Meha Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_528_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_528_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fenofibrate forms the standard of care for managing hypertriglyceridemia. Many of these patients have associated metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). No systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) has analysed the impact of fenofibrate in MASLD. Hence, we undertook this SRM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving MASLD patients receiving fenofibrate as an intervention and placebo/active comparator as control. The primary outcome was changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Secondary outcomes were alterations in liver fat (ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging), lipid parameters, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From initially screened 395 articles, data from 5 RCTs were analysed. Fenofibrate had comparable changes in ALT (mean difference [MD]-0.32 IU/L [95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.70-7.33]; <i>P</i> = 0.931; <i>I</i> ² = 60%) and AST (MD-0.17 IU/L [95% CI: -3.83-3.48]; <i>P</i> = 0.932; <i>I</i> ² = 31%) as compared to active controls (atorvastatin, omega-3 fatty acids [O3FA] and pioglitazone). Fenofibrate users had a greater increase in liver-fat content as compared to active controls (pioglitazone and O3FA) (MD 5.37 [95% CI: 0.30-10.44]; <i>P</i> = 0.041; <i>I</i> ² = 85%). O3FA and pioglitazone use is associated with reduction in liver fat, which explains the apparent increase in liver fat with fenofibrate in our analysis. Fenofibrate was associated with a significantly greater decrease in triglycerides compared to active controls (MD-0.22 mmol/l [95% CI: -0.31--0.12]; <i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>I</i> ² = 0%). Fenofibrate was associated with comparable change in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, and waist circumference compared to active controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This SRM provides us with reassuring safety data on use of fenofibrate in MASLD. Fenofibrate is largely MASLD neutral and continues to have good triglyceride lowering properties in MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"268-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed Algorithm for the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Gastroparesis in the Indian Clinical Setting.","authors":"Mohan V G Prasad, Nitesh Pratap, Showkat Zargar, Ravi B Shankar, Umesh Jalihal, Raj V Venugopal","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_391_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_391_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a microvascular complication of diabetes, characterised by delayed gastric emptying and cardinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, early satiety, post-meal discomfort, bloating, and appetite loss. Diagnosis relies on identifying these symptoms and excluding obstructions. India-specific DGP management algorithm was developed by 50 expert gastroenterologists across India. It offers a systematic approach tailored to Indian clinical settings, emphasising a comprehensive evaluation encompassing medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations for diagnosing DGP. The management strategy involves glycemic control, dietary adjustments, prokinetics with antiemetics, and stepwise treatment modification if initial approaches prove ineffective. Additionally, the algorithm underscores the significance of endoscopic evaluation and gastric emptying studies in DGP diagnosis, as well as the use of prokinetics, antiemetics, and neuromodulators in treatment. Notably, the experts favoured itopride as the preferred and relatively safer prokinetic for treating DGP and its varied clinical presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"276-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Anti-Mullerian Hormone and its Correlation with Androgens and Insulin Resistance in Lean and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.","authors":"Sukirti Misra, Jugal V Gada, Yash V Chauhan, Sachin S Rahate, Bhakti D Karde, Premlata K Varthakavi, Nikhil M Bhagwat","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_491_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_491_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a key regulator of ovarian folliculogenesis. Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, and gonadotropins have an inconclusive role in the relation and regulation of AMH to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PCOS cases (<i>n</i> = 80) and matched controls (<i>n</i> = 80) were evaluated with AMH levels and correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), insulin levels, IR, insulin sensitivity (IS), gonadotropins, and androgens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women with PCOS had significantly higher levels of AMH than controls (5.79 ± 4.00 ng/mL in obese cases vs 2.88 ± 2.38 ng/mL in obese controls, <i>P</i> = 0.006; 6.59 ± 4.13 ng/mL in lean cases vs 3.62 ± 2.04 ng/mL in lean controls, <i>P</i> < 0.001). AMH levels did not differ significantly amongst cases with respect to hyperandrogenism, BMI, and PCO morphology. However, women with PCOS who had irregular cycles had significantly greater AMH levels than those with regular menstrual cycles (6.27 ± 4.03 ng/mL vs 2.36 ± 2.02 ng/mL, <i>P</i> = 0.031). There was a negative correlation between AMH and BMI in all four groups, but reached significance only in lean PCOS. AMH did not correlate with insulin levels, HOMA-IR, or IS in any of the four groups. In lean PCOS, AMH correlated significantly with DHEAS (<i>r</i> = 0.424), androstenedione (<i>r</i> = 0.413), testosterone (<i>r</i> = 0.502), and SHBG (<i>r</i> = 0.412). In obese PCOS, AMH associated positively with androstenedione (<i>r</i> = 0.490) and testosterone (<i>r</i> = 0.402).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMI, IR, and androgens might differentially regulate AMH levels in lean and obese PCOS. AMH levels were higher in the subset of PCOS with irregular menses than in those with regular cycles; thus, higher AMH indicates a more severe disease state in PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"319-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}