Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献_第2页

Adolescent Obesity in India: Need for Urgent Policy Action and Multi-sectoral Reform. 印度青少年肥胖：迫切需要政策行动和多部门改革。

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_172_25

S V Madhu

引用次数: 0

Challenges in Type 1 Diabetes Management in India Compared to Singapore. 与新加坡相比，印度1型糖尿病管理面临的挑战

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_207_24

Lakshmi Nagendra, Deep Dutta

引用次数: 0

Noninvasive Assessment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children with Overweight and Obesity by Transient Elastography. 瞬态弹性成像对超重和肥胖儿童非酒精性脂肪肝的无创评估。

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_150_24

Mohamed Fajrudheen, Samarendra Mahapatro, Manas K Panigrahi, Suprava Naik, Amit K Satapathy

{"title":"Noninvasive Assessment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children with Overweight and Obesity by Transient Elastography.","authors":"Mohamed Fajrudheen, Samarendra Mahapatro, Manas K Panigrahi, Suprava Naik, Amit K Satapathy","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_150_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_150_24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Childhood obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are emerging as significant health concerns. While liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, there is a pressing need for a noninvasive alternative to identify early fibrosis.Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was carried out from January 2020 to December 2021 involving overweight and obese children attending the pediatric outpatient department (OPD). The aim is to determine the occurrence of fibrotic and steatotic changes in the liver of overweight and obese children using transient elastography (TE) and to establish correlations between TE results, Pediatric NAFLD Fibrosis Index (PNFI), and other biochemical parameters. TE was utilized to assess both fibrotic and steatosis changes, while ultrasound (USG) was employed to detect steatosis in the liver.Results: Two hundred and fifty-nine eligible children participated in the study. Mean age of the study cohort was 10.8 years, with males constituting 63%. Mean Z score for BMI was 1.71 ± 0.57. Fibrosis was detected in 29.3% of children by TE, while steatosis was observed in 27.7% of children. Steatosis was identified in 23.8% of cases through USG. BMI Z score, ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST and PNFI score exhibited significant associations with grades of liver fibrosis and steatosis as determined by TE, as well as with grades of steatosis according to USG findings.Conclusion: A notable prevalence of increased liver stiffness was observed in overweight and obese children. TE proves to be a valuable tool in identifying fibrotic and steatotic changes in these children, complementing existing noninvasive modalities.","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"230-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relevance of Polymorphism of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy. 谷胱甘肽s -转移酶基因（GSTM1和GSTT1）多态性与糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病肾病的相关性

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_47_24

Vaishali S Pawar, Kailas D Datkhile, Ajit V Sontakke, Satyajeet K Pawar, Prajakta S Patil

{"title":"Relevance of Polymorphism of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy.","authors":"Vaishali S Pawar, Kailas D Datkhile, Ajit V Sontakke, Satyajeet K Pawar, Prajakta S Patil","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_47_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_47_24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The causative factors of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy are genetic as well as environmental. The Glutathione S-transferase gene family is involved in redox balance to reduce oxidative stress, which is an important factor associated with these major diabetic complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: In this cross-sectional study, GSTM1 and GST1 gene polymorphisms were studied in T2DM patients with three groups of 125 cases each: the 1st group DM without DN and DR, the 2nd group with DR, and the 3rd group with DN from December 2019 to January 2023. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotyping was conducted using gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: Compared to the DM group, in the DR group, the GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null genotypes were more prevalent and showed 2.68-folds (OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.60-4.48; P < 0.001) and 2.5-folds (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.50-4.18; P < 0.001) increased risk of developing DR respectively. In the DN group, the GSTM1 null genotype was more prevalent, with a 1.97-fold increased risk of developing DR (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.19-3.26; P = 0.008) when compared to the DM group. However, no significant difference was found in the GSTT1 null genotype between the DN and DM groups.Conclusion: The significant association between null genotypes of both GSTT1 and GSTM1 with DR and only the GSTM1 null genotype with DN suggests their roles as risk factors.","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

To Quantitatively Assess and Compare Choroidal and RNFL Thickness in Patients with Active and Inactive Thyroid Eye Disease. 定量评估和比较活动性和非活动性甲状腺眼病患者的脉络膜和视网膜厚度。

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_354_24

Anargha A Jayaraj, Ann J Kochuthresiya, Mathews G Vadath, Anu Chacko, Arya R Nedumgattil

{"title":"To Quantitatively Assess and Compare Choroidal and RNFL Thickness in Patients with Active and Inactive Thyroid Eye Disease.","authors":"Anargha A Jayaraj, Ann J Kochuthresiya, Mathews G Vadath, Anu Chacko, Arya R Nedumgattil","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_354_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_354_24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thyroid eye disease (TED) can be classified into an active phase with rapid progression and an inactive phase with symptom stabilization. Recent studies found a higher choroidal thickness in patients with active TED. Less is known about the effect of disease on the retina. More extensive study is warranted for generalizing the role of choroidal thickness as a biomarker for disease severity. The study aims to investigate the correlation between the subfoveal choroidal and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cp RNFL) thickness with the severity of the disease. TED.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital in Central Kerala. A total of 16 participants with TED were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Based on the CAS score, participants were divided into active and inactive TED groups. Visual acuity, colour vision, and contrast sensitivity were measured. SD-OCT was used to measure choroidal and RNFL thickness. Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between choroidal thickness and RNFL thickness with CAS.Results: The difference in the choroidal thickness between the active and inactive groups was statistically significant. There was a significant correlation between the CAS and choroidal thickness (P < 0.05). The difference in the RNFL thickness and different functions of vision between active and inactive groups was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: In conclusion, our study states that different phases of TED can have a profound effect on choroid.","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"184-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Questionnaire Based Study on the Knowledge and Practice of Stress Steroid Dosing Protocol among Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. 印度三级医院肾上腺功能不全患者应激类固醇给药方案知识和实践的问卷调查研究

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_326_24

Sonali Appaiah, Aishhwarrya U Gurugunti, Deepa Kulkarni, Ganapathi Bantwal, Vageesh Ayyar, Belinda George, Vishwanath Shivanappanavar

{"title":"A Questionnaire Based Study on the Knowledge and Practice of Stress Steroid Dosing Protocol among Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India.","authors":"Sonali Appaiah, Aishhwarrya U Gurugunti, Deepa Kulkarni, Ganapathi Bantwal, Vageesh Ayyar, Belinda George, Vishwanath Shivanappanavar","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_326_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_326_24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute adrenal insufficiency or adrenal crisis (AC) has a mortality rate of 0.5 / 100 patient-years and is a major cause of death in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI). Non-compliance to steroids and inadequate stress dosing of glucocorticoids can precipitate AC in subjects with AI. In this study we tried to assess the knowledge pertaining to the disease, stress dosing and practice among individuals with AI.Methods: Ninety-two subjects diagnosed with AI and visiting Endocrinology Outpatient Department (OPD) were subjected to a structured researcher administered questionnaire including questions on knowledge about the disease, symptoms of AI, stress dosing, and practice with respect to cortisol replacement therapy (CRT).Results: Of the 92 participants, 13% were ignorant of the symptoms of AC, while about 78.2% of the entrants were aware that the dose of glucocorticoid must be doubled during illness. Around 20.7% of the subjects had intermittently stopped therapy on their own, while 13% partakers had failed to increase dose of glucocorticoid during illness. Hospitalization for AC was seen in 18.5% of entrants since the initial diagnosis of AI, with the most common precipitating cause being infection (70.6%).Conclusion: There were lacunae in the knowledge about AC, CRT and stress dosing of glucocorticoids, and self-care among a significant number of patients with AI despite prior patient education. Hence, it is pertinent to reassess the knowledge, educate and reinforce good practices at multiple follow up visits to prevent AC and improve quality of life in individuals with AI.","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity: An Opportunity to Improve Public Health in Peru. 治疗超重和肥胖方面的进展：秘鲁改善公共卫生的机会。

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_507_24

Atrith N Pedroso-Limaymanta

引用次数: 0

Clinical Utility of Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Molecular Panel in Thyroid Nodules. 基于新一代测序的甲状腺结节分子图谱的临床应用。

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_313_24

Hetashvi Gondaliya, Suruchi Aggarwal, Kranti Khadilkar, Shivaprasad S Kumbenahalli, Basavaraj Sooragonda, Anirudh J Shetty, Vijay Pillai, Vidhya Bhushan, Vivek Shetty, Yogesh Dokhe, Akhila Lakshmikantha, Subramanian Kannan

{"title":"Clinical Utility of Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Molecular Panel in Thyroid Nodules.","authors":"Hetashvi Gondaliya, Suruchi Aggarwal, Kranti Khadilkar, Shivaprasad S Kumbenahalli, Basavaraj Sooragonda, Anirudh J Shetty, Vijay Pillai, Vidhya Bhushan, Vivek Shetty, Yogesh Dokhe, Akhila Lakshmikantha, Subramanian Kannan","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_313_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_313_24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) empowers clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. Despite being recommended by the ATA 2015 guidelines, the utility of molecular testing in India is hindered by challenges related to availability and cost-effectiveness, thereby limiting its widespread adoption. We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular testing in Indian patients with ITNs.Methods: The study included patients with Bethesda III and IV and selected Bethesda II nodules who underwent Thyrotrack NGS-based assay on fine needle aspirate (FNA) material. Surgery was recommended for patients with clinically significant mutations, while others were followed sonographically. Post-surgical histopathology results were compared with mutation variants to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of the NGS assay.Results: Among 35 patients (mean age 37.7 ± 12.4 years, 80% female), 20 (57%) had clinically significant mutations. Surgery was performed on 11 patients. The most common mutation was RAS (detected in 15 patients), followed by BRAF, TSH-R, ETV6/NTRK3, and PAX8/PPARG. Post-surgical outcomes showed an overall sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 74%, with a negative predictive value of 94%. Among the mutation-negative group, only one patient had a malignancy, and the rest were benign showing a high negative predictive value of the NGS-based testing.Conclusion: NGS-based assays provide a reliable and cost-effective option for ruling out malignancy in ITNs in India, offering a high negative predictive value and complementing ACR-TIRADS and Bethesda cytology classifications.","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Congenital Hypothyroidism: Usefulness of Technetium and Ultrasonogram of Thyroid. 先天性甲状腺功能减退症：锝和甲状腺超声检查的作用。

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_20_25

Shriraam Mahadevan, Asha Ranjan, Adlyne R Asirvatham

引用次数: 0

Scrotal Ultrasonography Features of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in Male Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Patients: A Systematic Review. 男性先天性肾上腺增生患者睾丸肾上腺休息区肿瘤的阴囊超声特征：系统综述。

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_19_24

Epifani A Chandra, Agustini Utari

{"title":"Scrotal Ultrasonography Features of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in Male Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Patients: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Epifani A Chandra, Agustini Utari","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_19_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_19_24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors (TART) is one of the complications in male Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) patients that need early detection using scrotal ultrasonography. This systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date summary of the current understanding of scrotal ultrasonography features of testicular adrenal rest tumors in male congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients to help medical professionals diagnose TART in male CAH patients.Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. The authors searched for studies through PubMed from the last ten years until August 2023. Male CAH patients diagnosed by clinical and hormonal examination or genetic analysis with at least one of the features of TART in scrotal ultrasonography were included.Results: This systematic review involved fourteen studies that were classified into retrospective cohort study (n = 5), cross-sectional study (n = 4), and prospective cohort study (n = 5). The total number of participants from fourteen studies was 597 patients, and 186 patients were found to have TART (31.16%). Studies showed that bilateral lesions (78.49%), lesions located near the mediastinum testes (89.61%), hypoechoic (81.94%), clear border (76.74%), round to oval lesions (44.44%, 55.56%, respectively), and hypervascular (69.39%) in color doppler ultrasound were found in male CAH patients with TART.Conclusion: Scrotal ultrasonography features of TART in male CAH patients were primarily bilateral, located near the mediastinum testes, hypoechoic, clear border, round to oval shape, and hypervascular in color Doppler ultrasound.","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0