Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Age of Puberty Onset among Healthy Schoolgirls in North Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study.","authors":"Sruthi Kotla, Vikrant Ghatnatti, Ashwini Narsannavar, Manjunath Goroshi, Vanishri Ganakumar, Pritish P Paricharak, Damacharlla Venkateswarlu","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_38_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_38_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Menarche, a critical milestone in adolescent development, is influenced by genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. While global trends indicate a secular decline in menarcheal age, region-specific data, particularly from North Karnataka, remain limited. This study estimates the age of menarche among adolescent schoolgirls in urban and rural areas of Belagavi, Karnataka, and explores the factors contributing to the occurrence of early menarche.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,150 schoolgirls aged 12-16, equally distributed across urban and rural areas. Data on demographics, lifestyle factors, and pubertal milestones were collected via structured questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was classified using the Indian Academy of Pediatrics BMI growth chart for girls. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age at menarche was 12.15 years (95% confidence interval: 10.37-13.93), while the mean age at thelarche was 10.04 years (95% CI: 8.24-11.84). Overweight and obese girls exhibited significantly earlier thelarche and menarche compared to their normal-weight and underweight peers (<i>P</i> < 0.001). BMI negatively correlated with the ages of both thelarche and menarche (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Rural girls had slightly earlier thelarche than urban girls (<i>P</i> = 0.012), though no significant difference was noted in menarcheal age (<i>P</i> = 0.887), likely due to similar BMI percentiles in both groups. Dietary habits and physical activity showed no significant association with pubertal timing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mean menarcheal age in our study was 12.15 years (10.37-13.93) and the mean thelarcheal age was 10.04 years (8.24-11.84). BMI was identified as a significant factor influencing earlier puberty.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"337-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of FSH Pre-treatment Versus Upfront hCG and FSH Regimens for Inducing Spermatogenesis in Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Japleen Kaur, Nikhil Singhania, Umanath Adhikari, Richa Vatsa, Ujjwal Gorsi, Akash Bansal, Sanjay Bhadada, Nidhi Gupta, Anil Bhansali, Naresh Sachdeva, Aayushi Kaushal, Rama Walia","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_307_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_307_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Appropriate gonadotropin therapy regimen for the induction of spermatogenesis in congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH) patients is a matter of debate. Pre-treatment with hCG is discouraged, while the rationale for FSH pre-treatment is that it mimics minipuberty, thereby being expected to be better than upfront combined hCG and FSH therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective RCT was conducted in the Department of Endocrinology of a tertiary centre. 24 azoospermic males between 17y and 40y of age with congenital HH were randomized into two groups. Group A (<i>n</i> = 12) received upfront combined hCG and FSH, while group B (n = 12) was given pre-treatment with FSH for 3 months, before addition of hCG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were followed up for a maximum duration of 18 months. Overall success rate was 91.3% (21/23). In group A, 100% (12/12) responded to treatment compared with 81.8% (9/11) in group B, with significantly lesser median (IQR) time to spermatogenesis of 10.5 (9-12) months in group A, compared to 15 (13.5-16.5) months in group B (<i>P</i> = 0.007). Maximum sperm concentration [median (IQR)] attained in group A and B was 30 (15.5-47) million/mL and 20 (7.5-34.5) million/mL, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.292). Sonographic bi-testicular volume (median) increased to 8.05 (7.13-10.57) mL in group A and 9.2 (5.45-14) mL in group B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both FSH pre-treatment and upfront combined hCG and FSH have a favourable outcome in initiating spermatogenesis in congenital HH, with the time to initiation of spermatogenesis favouring combined treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"332-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile of Patients with Hypopituitarism in a Tertiary Care Centre in Central India.","authors":"Vinay R Pandit, Kritika Pant, Amritava Ghosh, Pankaj K Kannauje, Jhasaketan Meher","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_373_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_373_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypopituitarism is a serious endocrine illness with life-threatening implications. There is a lack of reliable Indian epidemiological data, with very few studies on hypopituitarism across the country. Our research aimed to study the clinical profile of hypopituitarism in a tertiary care centre in Central India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an ambispective study conducted at a tertiary care centre in Central India in General Medicine and Endocrinology OPDs and wards, including patients ≥18 years of age diagnosed with hypopituitarism between 01/07/19 and 30/06/23. The clinical, laboratory, and imaging data at the time of diagnosis was considered, and hormone deficiencies were defined as per the standard recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 54 patients diagnosed with hypopituitarism with a mean age of 37.6 ± 15.37 years at diagnosis (range: 18-75 years). It included 52% (<i>n</i> = 28) males and 48% (<i>n</i> = 26) females. Headache (50%, <i>n</i> = 27) was the most common initial presentation, followed by visual disturbance (40.7%, <i>n</i> = 22). Pituitary adenoma (42.6%, <i>n</i> = 23) constituted the most common aetiology of hypopituitarism in our study, followed by extrapituitary tumours (33.3%, <i>n</i> = 18). Sheehan's syndrome (14.8%, <i>n</i> = 8) was the third most common aetiology. Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (90.5%, <i>n</i> = 48) was the most common abnormality noted, followed by thyroid-stimulating hormone (87%, <i>n</i> = 47) and growth hormone (GH) deficiency (70.6%, <i>n</i> = 12 [assessed in 17 patients]). Panhypopituitarism was seen in 59.2% (<i>n</i> = 32) of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypopituitarism has diverse aetiologies and presentations. Pituitary and other sellar/suprasellar tumours constituted the most common cause of hypopituitarism in our study, while headache was the most common presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"308-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inappropriate Use of Serum Osmolarity Formulas in the Measurement of Urine Osmolality.","authors":"ArunKumar R Pande, Ajay Aggarwal, Kumar P Chandra","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_360_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_360_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"347-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction Models for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Utility of Clinical and Biochemical Markers.","authors":"Asha Dinakaran, Ramachandran Thiruvengadam, Abu R Srinivasan, Manikandan, Sunil K Nanda, Mary Daniel, Reeta Rajagambeeram","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_497_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_497_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is limited by an inconvenient procedure and poor reproducibility. This study aimed to develop and evaluate prediction models for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis based on clinical and biochemical parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women aged 20-40 years in their second trimester (14-28 weeks) in Puducherry, South India, from May 2018 to March 2023. GDM was diagnosed according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 234 normoglycemic women and 115 GDM women. Model 1 comprised the biomarkers: fasting plasma insulin, serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR), and triglyceride glycemic index (TyG index) (area under the curve (AUC): 0.8870; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8440-0.9299; sensitivity: 80.87%; specificity: 86.32%); Model 2 incorporated the following clinical parameters: age, body mass index (BMI), gravida, parity, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, family history of GDM, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and family history of hypertension (AUC: 0.6846; 95% CI: 0.6269-0.7422; sensitivity: 90.43%; specificity: 31.6%); and Model 3 combined Models 1 and 2 (AUC: 0.9194; 95% CI: 0.8855-0.9531; sensitivity: 80.8%; specificity: 89.74%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The predictive models highlighted in the study serve as effective screening tools for GDM and may help overcome the limitations of OGTT, particularly in settings where procedural challenges exist.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"295-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Primary Aldosteronism in Type-2 Diabetic Patients with Resistant Hypertension- A Prospective Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India.","authors":"Rachamalla M K Reddy, Raman Boddula, Aashish R Bande, Kaushal Sheth","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_321_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_321_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"343-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in the Management of Obesity.","authors":"Khushboo Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_535_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_535_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in the last few years. Addressing obesity needs multifaceted strategy including prevention, accurate diagnosis, treatment of secondary causes, diet and exercise, behavioral changes and long term management. In addition it involves integration of multiple teams including endocrinologist, respiratory medicine, ENT, psychiatry, physiotherapy, diet, and bariatric surgeon. Artificial intelligence can help with each of these aspects by enabling predictive analysis, behavioral intervention in real time and improving patient outcome. There are certain challenges in integrating AI with patient management including ensuring data privacy and mitigating algorithm bias. But overall, it represents a promising tool to empower both the individual and the physician treating obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"283-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Twincretin Survodutide, a Dual Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonist as an Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetes Medication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Deep Dutta, Abul B M Kamrul-Hasan, Ameya Joshi, Anil Dhall, Lakshmi Nagendra, Meha Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_366_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_366_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Survodutide is a twincretin having dual glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor agonist activity, conceptually based on endogenous peptide oxyntomodulin. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) holistically analyzed the body weight lowering, glycemic efficacy, and safety of survodutide. Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving diabetes and/or obesity patients receiving once-weekly subcutaneous survodutide in intervention arm and placebo/active comparator in control arm. Co-primary outcomes were the percent changes in body weight and HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate absolute changes in absolute weight, blood pressure, fatty-liver disease parameters, and adverse events (AEs). Data from 3 RCTs (1088 patients) having follow-up duration ranging from 4-11 months were analyzed. Survodutide at 2.4 mg [MD (mean difference) -7.79% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -11.54, -4.07); <i>I² =</i> 98%; <i>P</i> < 0.01] and 3.6 mg [MD - 9.08% (95% CI: -11.63, -6.54); <i>I² =</i> 96%; <i>P</i> < 0.001] was associated with significantly greater percent reductions in body weight compared to placebo. The corresponding absolute body-weight reduction with survodutide 2.4 mg and 3.6 mg was - 9.14 kg (95% CI: -13.76, -4.53) and - 10.23 kg (95% CI: -15.43, -5.04), respectively. Survodutide of 2.4 mg was associated with significant HbA1c reduction [MD: -0.88% (95% CI - 1.72, -0.05); <i>I² =</i> 99%; <i>P</i> = 0.040]. Survodutide of 2.4 mg [odds ratio (OR): 2.93 (95% CI: 1.66, 5.18); <i>I² =</i> 0%; <i>P</i> < 0.001] and 3.6 mg [OR: 4.61 (95% CI: 2.33, 9.12); <i>I² =</i> 0%; <i>P</i> < 0.001] was associated with significantly higher treatment-emergent AEs, compared to placebo, although severe AEs were not increased. Gastrointestinal AEs were the predominant AEs and were dose dependent. Treatment discontinuation due to AEs was significantly higher with survodutide and was dose dependent. Survodutide demonstrates impressive weight and glucose-lowering properties over short-term clinical use. The optimal dose for clinical use ranges from 2.4 to 4.8 mg/week.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"253-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormalities of Endocrine Function Tests in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals.","authors":"Phibakordor L Nonglait, Srivenkata Madhu, Nishant Raizada, Amitesh Aggarwal, Rafat Ahmed, Mohammad Aslam","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_32_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_32_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Impact of COVID-19 on endocrine system due to the widespread distribution of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors in different endocrine organs of the body has been shown in several studies. However, most of these studies were in the setting of acute COVID-19. The present study was planned to comprehensively evaluate endocrine abnormalities in COVID-19-recovered individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-three COVID-19-recovered individuals were recruited 8-20 weeks following the recovery. They were further stratified according to disease severity as defined by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). After recording their demographic and clinical details, an evaluation of inflammatory markers and different hypothalamic-pituitary axes involving thyroid, adrenal, gonadal and prolactin axes was carried out in them. Those who were on treatment for a previous endocrine disorder were not included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-three patients [33 (39.7%): mild and 50 (60.3%): moderate to severe COVID-19] were recruited after a period of 14.7 ± 3.4 weeks after recovery. Forty-four patients (53%) had some form of endocrine dysfunction. Central pituitary axis dysfunction was observed in 28 patients (33.7%), of which alterations in prolactin (20.4%) were the most common. Thyroid function abnormalities were noted in 25 (30.1%) patients, while gonadal dysfunction was detected in 14% of males and 6% of reproductive-aged females, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endocrine function test abnormalities were seen in a significant proportion of individuals even after a mean period of more than 3 months post-recovery from COVID-19. These have implications for the long-term endocrine and metabolic health of COVID-19-recovered individuals, besides alerting physicians to interpret endocrine function tests with caution after recovery from acute COVID-19 illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Obesity: A Classic Endocrinology Critique.","authors":"Sanjay Kalra, Nitin Kapoor, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Nishant Raizada","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_164_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_164_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 3","pages":"349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}