Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Profile and Response to Recombinant Growth Hormone in Girls with Turner Syndrome: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in North India.","authors":"Pamali M Nanda, Arti Yadav, Arun George, Sayan Banerjee, Anju Bala, Jaivinder Yadav, Rakesh Kumar, Inusha Panigrahi, Devi Dayal","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_348_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_348_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to describe the clinical presentation and response to recombinant growth hormone (rGH) in Indian girls with Turner syndrome (TS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 33 girls with TS attending a tertiary care hospital in Northern India between 2004 and 2023. Data on clinical presentation, cytogenetics and follow-up were retrieved from clinic records. In addition, auxological data was analysed for girls who received rGH therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age at presentation was 9.8 ± 3.9 years (range 2-17.7 years). 57.6% had classical TS, whereas, 42.4% had variant TS karyotypes. The commonest presenting features were short stature (100%) and delayed puberty (27.3%). Autoimmune hypothyroidism and celiac disease were the commonest associated co-morbidities. Pubertal induction with estradiol was done in seven patients. Sixteen (48.5%) patients received rGH at a mean starting dose of 0.29 mg/kg/week. The mean age and bone age (BA) at rGH initiation were 10.0 ± 3.3 years and 8.3 ± 3.0 years, respectively. There were significant improvements in Turner's height standard deviation scores (SDS) (-0.7 to 0.19; <i>P</i> = 0.003), BA (8.3 ± 3.0 to 10.2 ± 2.9; <i>P</i> = 0.003) and predicted adult height (PAH) (142.2 cm to 147.4 cm; <i>P</i> < 0.001) over a median duration of rGH therapy of 16 months (IQR 6-51 months). There was a strong positive correlation between height gain and duration of rGH therapy (<i>r</i> = 0.967; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>North Indian girls with TS demonstrate a good response to rGH with improvements in height SDS, PAH, and skeletal growth. The duration of rGH significantly impacts height gain; early initiation is therefore crucial for attaining near-normal final height.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"102-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin Versus Metformin Alone in Overweight and Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - An Open-Label, Parallel, Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Vishal Agarwal, Sambit Das, Arun K Choudhury, Dayanidhi Meher, Devadarshini Sahoo, Sandeep K Sahu, Subhadra Priyadarshini, Sonam J Agarwal, Binod Prusty, Bijay K Das, Amogh S Chappalagavi, Sheenam Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_635_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_635_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Insulin resistance plays the central role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). While metformin is widely used, its metabolic and androgen-lowering benefits are modest and often limited by tolerability, highlighting the need to evaluate newer therapeutic agents targeting insulin resistance in PCOS. Dapagliflozin complements metformin's effects through an insulin-independent mechanism of action and may be beneficial in improving metabolic outcomes in PCOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women diagnosed with PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria were randomly allocated to receive either dapagliflozin (10 mg daily) plus metformin (2000 mg/day) or metformin (2000 mg/day) alone, over a 12-week period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 12 weeks, there were no statistically significant differences between the dapagliflozin plus metformin group and the metformin alone group in improving insulin resistance or biochemical hyperandrogenism. While within-group changes were statistically significant, the differences between the two arms did not achieve statistical significance. Mild adverse effects, including urinary tract infections and vaginal irritation, were reported more in the dapagliflozin plus metformin group than the metformin alone group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In overweight and obese women with PCOS, the addition of dapagliflozin to metformin did not result in significant improvement in insulin resistance or hyperandrogenaemia over metformin alone and was associated with a higher rate of adverse effects. Larger and longer-term trials are needed to fully clarify their role in routine clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Endocrine Manifestations in HIV-Infected Subjects on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Versus not on ART.","authors":"Satyaki Manna, Tapas C Das, Kaushik Pandit, Pradip Mukhopadhyay, Purushottam Chatterjee, Sujoy Ghosh","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_425_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_425_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Few studies have examined endocrine dysfunction associated with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim is to assess various endocrine changes, including vitamin D metabolism and glycaemic status, of subjects on ART versus not on ART (non-ART) and to assess the relationship with CD4 + T helper cell count.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-three HIV-positive subjects were selected and underwent thyroid function tests (thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine). Fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, Cortisol, ACTH, total testosterone (male), follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, Prolactin, 25(OH) D, intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, albumin and magnesium levels, and CD4+ T-helper cell counts were performed in all subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a positive correlation between vitamin D and CD4 count (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>P</i> = 0.043) and severe vitamin D deficiency (30% in ART vs. 6.00% in non-ART; <i>P</i> = 0.035). 37.50% of the ART group had secondary hyperparathyroidism, compared to 12.10% of the non-ART cohort (<i>P</i> = 0.014). The most common adrenal dysfunction was found to be primary adrenal insufficiency, followed by adrenal excess and secondary adrenal insufficiency (17.50%, 10.00% and 2.50% in ART vs. 15.00%, 12.00% and 6.00% in the non-ART group); male hypogonadism was seen in 22.70% of patients in the ART group versus 14% in the non-ART group (<i>P</i> = 0.064). The most common thyroid dysfunctions found in the ART cohort were secondary hypothyroidism (30%), subclinical hypothyroidism (10%), and primary hypothyroidism (2.50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed endocrine dysfunction more common in patients who received ART than in those who did not. Severe vitamin D deficiency was also common in the ART group. Serum vitamin D levels were positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Status and Calcium Homeostasis in Mother and Newborn Dyad: A Hospital Based Study from South Delhi.","authors":"Alankrita Goswami, Sangita Yadav, Sana S Khan, Aruna Nigam, Sana Alam","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_799_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_799_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Studies in the 2000s in India showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in apparently healthy pregnant women and their newborns. With awareness about sunshine exposure and vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D deficiency would have declined over the last two decades. We assessed current vitamin D status of maternal-newborn dyads at a teaching institute in Delhi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 104 pregnant women (27.8 ± 4.2 yrs) and their singleton healthy term newborns (M: F = 63:41) delivered at HIMSR Delhi during years 2023-25. Cord-blood was drawn at delivery, and fasting maternal blood was drawn for serum total calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, 25(OH)D, and intact-PTH assessment. Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were measured by chemiluminescence assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (IQR) serum 25(OH)D of mothers and newborns was 11.8 (6.9-19.1) and 13.7 (7.9-24.7) ng/mL, respectively. Serum 25(OH) was <12 ng/mL in 51% of mothers and 44% of newborns. Maternal and cord-blood 25(OH)D correlated significantly (<i>r</i> = 0.945, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Maternal serum 25(OH)D correlated inversely with iPTH (<i>r</i> = -0.400, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Maternal and cord-blood iPTH showed no significant correlation. Serum calcium (9.1 ± 1.2 vs. 10.9 ± 1.1 mg/dL, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and phosphate (4.4 ± 0.9 vs. 6.2 ± 1.1 mg/dL, <i>P</i> < 0.001), were lower in mothers than newborns unlike alkaline phosphatase (200 ± 77 vs. 138 ± 39 IU/L, <i>P</i> < 0.001) which was higher in mothers. Serum phosphate was significantly lower in male than female newborns, while 25(OH)D and total calcium were comparable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in mothers and newborns was observed, despite two decades of awareness. This emphasizes for more targeted and proactive public health initiatives to combat maternal and neonatal hypovitaminosis D.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Historical Account of Endocrinology in Ancient India.","authors":"Akhila Bhandarkar, Shinjan Patra","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_381_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_381_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrinology is the study of tiny chemical messengers secreted from the various glands into the blood that regulate metabolism and a vast array of bodily functions. The earliest rudimentary observations and evolution of endocrinology were documented in the early 17^th and 18^th centuries. The prevalent procedure of castration led to the observation of the effect and the importance of male gonads. Earnest Sterling coined the term \"Hormone\" in 1905 and identified \"Secretin,\" the first substance recognized as a hormone in 1902. Starting from our ancient texts, the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, and later on, to the magnum opus epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata, there are many references to endocrinological diseases, their descriptions, and remedies. Our brief review aims to draw a similar analogy between these references and contemporary endocrinology practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"111-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discordant Cortisol Responses to Spontaneous Hypoglycaemia Versus Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation: A Diagnostic Challenge for Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Assessment.","authors":"Pushpa Machineni, Asha Ranjan, Adlyne R Asirvatham, Shriraam Mahadevan","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_925_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_925_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a critical regulator of cortisol secretion, assessed via dynamic tests such as the insulin tolerance test and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Discordant cortisol responses in recurrent hypoglycaemia that is, blunted secretion during hypoglycaemia but preserved under ACTH stimulation, pose a diagnostic challenge in evaluating adrenal insufficiency (AI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in five patients (two females, three males) with spontaneous fasting hypoglycaemia (blood glucose <55 mg/dL). All patients had undergone critical sampling at the time of hypoglycaemia, including measurements of serum cortisol, insulin, C-peptide, urine ketone whereas ACTH-stimulated cortisol response was assessed using the long-acting porcine sequence ACTH (Acton Prolongatum^®).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All five patients [insulinoma: 2, insulin autoimmune syndrome: 2 (presumed in 1), presumed insulin-like growth factor 2 related hypoglycaemia: 1] with spontaneous fasting hypoglycaemia had suboptimal cortisol levels (range: 6.15-14 μg/dL) during hypoglycaemia but adequate cortisol response (>18 μg/dL) post-ACTH stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low cortisol levels during recurrent hypoglycaemia should be interpreted cautiously, and AI should be diagnosed only after a comprehensive evaluation. A normal ACTH stimulation test can rule out AI assertively in such scenario. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of this discordance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine Society of India's National White Paper on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals - A Call for Action.","authors":"Gagan Priya, Narendra Kotwal, Sri V Madhu, Shinjan Patra, Kaushik Pandit, Beatrice Anne, Mohan T Shenoy, Jayshree Swain, Sambit Das, Lakshmi N Kopalle, Lakshmi Nagendra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Shehla S Shaikh, Sunetra Mondal, Ganesh K Bhat, Ameya Joshi, Sanjay Kalra, Kaushik Biswas, Hari K V S Kumar, Sunil K Mishra, Deep Dutta, Nitin Kapoor, Sachin Mittal","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_976_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_976_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with hormonal pathways, leading to a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes across the life course. This white paper by the Endocrine Society of India consolidates global and Indian evidence on EDC exposure, health effects, and regulatory challenges. Major classes of EDCs, including pesticides, industrial pollutants, plastic additives, and heavy metals, affect neurodevelopmental, reproductive, metabolic, musculoskeletal, thyroid and other outcomes, with implications extending to future generations through epigenetic and transgenerational effects. Indian data reveal widespread exposure through food, water, packaging material, and industrial waste, with studies linking EDCs to infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and diabetes. Despite growing awareness, India lacks a comprehensive regulatory and surveillance framework for EDCs. This white paper outlines key gaps and provides actionable recommendations: strengthening systematic monitoring, harmonizing regulations, promoting research on emerging chemicals, fostering cross-sector and international collaboration, and empowering healthcare professionals and the public. Adoption of structured regulatory mechanisms modeled on global frameworks, combined with public education and institutional accountability, is essential to mitigate risk. Coordinated national efforts that bridge science, policy and community action are urgently needed to safeguard health and environment for future generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"4-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Sexual Dysfunction among Clinically Diagnosed Diabetic Patients: A Mixed Method Study.","authors":"Nipin Kalal, Khina Sharma, Suresh K Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Priya Sharma, Ravindra Shukla, Ramswaroop Garwa","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_682_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_682_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a neglected yet distressing complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), adversely affecting the physical as well as psychological well-being of patients. Despite its high prevalence globally, research exploring SD among both male and female diabetic patients remains limited, particularly in the Indian context, where cultural barriers hinder open discussions. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and identify the determinants of sexual dysfunction among clinically diagnosed type 1 and type 2 DM patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a sequential explanatory mixed-method design, this study was conducted in the tertiary care hospital of western Rajasthan between June 2022 and August 2023. Quantitative data were collected from 251 diabetic patients using Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of sexual dysfunction. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis was performed using Hycner's phenomenological framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of global SD was 66.9%, with higher rates in males (80.1%) compared to females (47%). Dysfunction across individual domains desire, arousal, pleasure, and orgasm was notably high. Significant predictors included age (31-50 years), female gender, physical inactivity, and presence of depressive symptoms (<i>P</i><0.05). Qualitative data revealed four major themes: altered sexual functioning, physical fatigue, psychological distress, and barriers to help-seeking, reflecting the multifactorial nature of SD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SD is highly prevalent among diabetic individuals and is influenced by both clinical and psychosocial factors. Routine screening for sexual health concerns should be integrated into diabetes care, especially in culturally sensitive contexts, to promote holistic and patient-centered management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Graves' Disease: Role of Thyroid Autoimmunity and NEDD9.","authors":"Pradosh K Sahu, Ravi K Padala, Deepak K Dash, Debasish Patro, Chhabi Satpathy, Bandana Dash","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_747_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_747_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an underrecognized cardiovascular complication of Graves' disease (GD). The role of thyroid autoimmunity and neural precursor-cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9), a profibrotic protein, in GD with PAH remains unclear. This study evaluated the prevalence, predictors of PAH, role of thyroid autoimmunity and NEDD9, and reversibility with carbimazole in newly diagnosed GD and PAH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study enrolled 90 newly diagnosed GD patients. PAH was defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >20 mmHg and was assessed non-invasively by echocardiography. Serum FT3, FT4, TSH, and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), while TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) and plasma NEDD9 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Binary logistic regression identified independent predictors of PAH. Thyroid autoimmunity markers and NEDD9 were evaluated in relation to a ≥10 mmHg reduction in mPAP after carbimazole therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 90 GD patients, PAH was observed in 39 (43.3%). On correlation analysis, only TRAb was positively correlated with mPAP. In binary logistic regression, TSH receptor antibody levels (OR: 1.093; 95% CI: 1.035-1.155; <i>P</i> = 0.002), anti-TPO antibody levels (OR: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001-1.005; <i>P</i> = 0.001), and heart rate (OR: 1.164; 95% CI: 1.059-1.280; <i>P</i> = 0.002) were independent predictors of PAH. Delta change in TRAb levels was the only significant factor for predicting a ≥10 mmHg reduction in mPAP post-carbimazole therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thyroid autoimmunity significantly contributes to PAH in GD, while NEDD9 showed no association.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Frozen Shoulder: Expert Insights on Developing a Screening Tool.","authors":"Anirban Majumdar, Voleti S Nagesh, Rakesh K Sahay, Nilanjan Sengupta, Debmalya Sanyal, Griddaluru V Chanukya, Rana Bhattacharjee, Amit Goel, Raman Boddula, Sudhakar R Pendyala, Amitabh Sur","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_48_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_48_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with various musculoskeletal disorders, including frozen shoulder (FS), a condition marked by pain and restricted movement. FS is more common in T2DM patients, with increased severity and longer recovery time. Chronic inflammation, collagen accumulation, and hyperglycemia-induced changes contribute to FS development in T2DM limiting daily activities and may hinder diabetes management by restricting self-care tasks. Early detection and timely intervention may improve outcomes and enhance quality of life. Existing shoulder assessment questionnaires are often lengthy, complex, and require physician intervention, limiting their use in routine practice. To address this, a concise, patient-administered screening questionnaire has been proposed for patients with T2DM. This six-question tool covers shoulder pain, movement limitations, and sleep disruption, thus potentially offering a quick, effective method for early FS screening in routine practice settings. Further validation in real-world settings will assess the clinical utility of this screening tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"30 1","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}