Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Heroes and Heroines of 20th Century Leprosy Work in India (2025).","authors":"Prema Ramachandran","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1560_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1560_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"579-580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of human herpesvirus 8 & Leishmania species in malignant skin tumours, psoriasis, actinic keratoses, & seborrheic keratoses: A single-center experience from Ankara, Turkey.","authors":"Ayfer Bakir, Selma Usluca, Selda Pelin Kartal, Murat Alper","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_849_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_849_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives The role of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and Leishmania species in the aetiology of malignant skin tumours and proliferative skin diseases remains a topic of debate. This study aims to analyse formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skin biopsy samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine whether skin lesions caused by HHV-8 and Leishmania spp. resemble malignant and proliferative skin diseases and assess the role of these pathogens in disease aetiology. Methods In this retrospective, single-center observational study, skin biopsies were collected from 275 individuals diagnosed with malignant skin tumours, psoriasis, actinic keratoses, seborrheic keratoses, and chronic dermatitis. The presence of HHV-8 and Leishmania spp. in biopsy samples was evaluated using PCR. Results HHV-8 DNA was not detected in any of the samples using PCR. However, Leishmania spp. DNA was identified in 8.4 per cent of all samples (n=23). No positivity was observed in the control group (P=0.387). Leishmania spp. DNA PCR positivity was most frequently detected in psoriasis cases (32.4%), followed by actinic keratosis (AK) (8.7%), malignant skin tumours (4.2%), and seborrheic keratosis (SK) (3.8%). When the Leishmania positivity rate in individuals diagnosed with psoriasis was compared with that of the control group, the difference was found to be significant (P=0.002). The positivity rate in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (7.3%) was higher than in basal cell carcinoma (1.6%). Interpretation & conclusions The findings in this study suggests that there is no relationship between malignant and proliferative skin diseases and HHV-8. However, Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in 8.4 per cent of all samples. Biopsy-archived samples may be preferred for the differential diagnosis of Leishmania in diseases that do not respond to treatment and in atypical clinical presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"559-566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concern regarding the use of mortality-to-incidence ratios as a proxy for cancer survival estimates.","authors":"Yifan Wang, Carla Espinoza-Vallejos, Michel P Coleman","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_806_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_806_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"572-573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV-DNA testing from self-sampled menstrual blood using M-strip: A proof-of-concept study on feasibility & acceptance of a novel biosampling method.","authors":"Somesh Chandra, Manan Patel, Kush Shah, Khushbu Trivedi","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1770_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1770_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Screening for cervical cancer by self-sampling appears more acceptable to women and has the potential to boost screening uptake, which is dismal at present in India. Studies have shown that menstrual blood (MB) provides equivalent results to cervical smear for Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing, but sample collection needs standardization. This study explored the feasibility and acceptance of self-sampling using 'M-strip' for high-risk HPV DNA (hr-HPV DNA) testing from MB. Methods One hundred and eleven women aged 30-50 yr without a previous diagnosis of pre-cancer or cancer used the M-strip to collect the MB sample. The strip was peeled off the sanitary pad after use, sent in a zip-lock pouch, and tested for high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). Instructions were provided verbally, in video illustration, and print. Feedback from participants regarding acceptance and comfort in sampling was documented, and from women who refused to participate. Results Seventy-seven women provided MB samples, all of which were evaluable. Six tested positive for hr-HPV DNA, and all six had direct cervical smears obtained subsequently. Randomly selected HPV DNA-negative MB samples were also tested by direct cervical smear. Positive and negative MB samples were 100 per cent in concordance with the findings from direct cervical smears. Participants expressed a high level of acceptance and preference for this method. Interpretation & conclusions Women could successfully collect adequate samples with the M-strip for hr-HPV DNA testing. Using M-strip with their sanitary pads was preferred by and highly acceptable to women in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"532-539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implication of microRNA-regulated PTEN expression in the clinico-pathology & survival outcomes in advanced ovarian cancer.","authors":"Ranita Pal, Sinjini Sarkar, Trisha Choudhury, Madhurima Ghosh, Manisha Vernekar, Partha Nath, Vilas D Nasare","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1045_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1045_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Phosphatase and TENs in homolog (PTEN), deleted on chromosome 10, plays a salient role in suppressing the proliferative phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signal in cancers. Growing evidence suggests that PTEN is downregulated by microRNAs (miRs) in aggressive cancers, which antagonise its tumour-suppressive activity. This study elucidates the effect of miR-214, miR-433, miR-100, and miR-152 on PTEN expression with important clinical parameters in individuals with Stage III-IV ovarian cancer (OC). Methods This prospective observational study enrolled 104 individuals with OC from January 2018 to December 2020. Demographic and clinical data were collected at presentation and follow up. Tissue samples were analysed using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR)s. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square, correlation coefficient, log-rank, Cox regression, and ROC analysis to assess clinical and survival outcomes. Results The included study participants with OC (mean age 49.29±9.68 yr) presented with advanced stages (96.6%) and had high-grade serous histological subtype (48.5%). Loss of PTEN expression was detected among 50.96 per cent, indicative of poor survival (HR>1; P=<0.05). MiR-214 (P=<0.001) and miR-433 (P=<0.001) were negatively associated, while miR-100 (P<0.001) and miR-152 (P=<0.001) were positively correlated with PTEN mRNA and protein, with miR-214, and miR-152 being independent risk factors to survival of OC patients (HR=>1). The sensitivity and specificity of PTEN and miRs range between 62.5-97 per cent, with diagnostic accuracy (P=<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions The degree of miR-214, miR-433, miR-100, and miR-152 exhibited dysregulation in OC (P=<0.001). The findings of this study suggest that miR-214 and miR-433 can downregulate PTEN whereas miR-100 and miR-152 may have a tumour suppressive role like PTEN. Thus, the signature miR network has the potential to become a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"521-531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicentric validation of the PathoDetect™ MTB RIF & INH assay for simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, & drug resistance to rifampicin & isoniazid in presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis & drug-resistant TB patients.","authors":"Hansraj Choudhary, Garima Malik, Devendra Singh Chauhan, Manpreet Bhalla, Azger Dusthackeer, Prabha Desikan, Sidhartha Giri, Sandeep Kumar, Madhumathi Jayaprakasam, Ajay Vir Singh, Prabhpreet Sethi, Md Shakir Reza, V Mythily, V Thiyagarajan, Nikita Panwalkar, Jyotismita Tripathy, Devdatt Mani, Diksha Singh, P M Ramesh, Manjeet Singh Chalga, Rajni Rani, Nivedita Gupta, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Manjula Singh","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_824_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_824_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with India accounting for 26 per cent of the global burden. Despite advances, access to rapid molecular diagnostics is limited, and the assays currently used in National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) do not detect isoniazid (INH) resistance upfront. PathoDetect™ MTB RIF & INH is an indigenous closed-system assay that simultaneously detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and resistance to rifampicin (RIF) and INH. This study evaluated its diagnostic characteristics. Methods In this cross-sectional multicenter study conducted at six TB reference laboratories in India, 1039 participants were enrolled (718 presumptive pulmonary TB, 321 presumptive multidrug resistant TB; MDR-TB). PathoDetect™'s discriminatory ability was assessed using the measures sensitivity and specificity, and its diagnostic performance using positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Liquid culture served as the reference standard for MTB detection, while phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) and line probe assay (LPA) as reference standards for RIF and INH resistance detection. Results For MTB detection in presumptive pulmonary TB (PTB), PathoDetect™ showed a sensitivity of 98.1 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI): 96.1-99.2], specificity of 94.2 per cent (95% CI: 91-96.5), PPV of 94.9 per cent (95% CI: 92.2-96.9), and NPV of 97.8 per cent (95% CI: 95.5-99.1) with near-perfect agreement with Truenat® (k=0.89). Among 514 confirmed TB cases, PathoDetect™ detected RIF resistance with a sensitivity of 86.5 per cent (95% CI: 80.2-91.5), specificity of 91.6 per cent (95% CI: 88.2-94.3), PPV of 82.3 per cent (95% CI: 75.6-87.8), and NPV of 93.8 per cent (95% CI: 90.7-96.1). For INH resistance, sensitivity was 88.9 per cent (95% CI: 84.1-92.6), specificity 87 per cent (95% CI: 82.4-90.8), PPV 85.6 per cent (95% CI: 80.5-89.8), and NPV 90 per cent (95% CI: 85.7-93.4) using pDST as reference. Truenat® MTB-RIF showed comparable performance for RIF resistance detection (k=0.75). Compared to line probe assay (LPA), PathoDetect™ demonstrated higher sensitivity (93.4 vs. 88.8%), specificity (98.2 vs. 93.9%), PPV (96.1 vs. 86.8%) and NPV (97 vs. 94.9%) for RIF resistance detection over Truenat®. Interpretation & conclusions PathoDetect™ is a reliable molecular diagnostic tool for detection of MTB and resistance to RIF & INH. The assay showed better RIF resistance detection compared to INH. Its high sensitivity and specificity indicate strong discriminatory ability, while PPV and NPV demonstrate reasonably good diagnostic performance in the study population. These findings support PathoDetect™ as a promising alternative for rapid TB diagnosis, particularly in high-burden settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"482-490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' response.","authors":"Manoj Kalita, M Devaraja, Indranil Saha, Amit Chakrabarti","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1414_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1414_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"573-574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asthma management in India: Changing paradigms.","authors":"Tejas Menon Suri, Saurabh Mittal, Anant Mohan","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1286_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1286_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"433-435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid variations in different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes: A systematic review & meta-analysis.","authors":"Naina Mishra, Prabhaker Mishra, Vishwas Kapoor, Jai Kishun, Anup Kumar, Uttam Singh","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1455_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1455_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-age women worldwide. Lipid abnormalities, such as elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, are commonly observed in women with PCOS, increasing their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, this study aims to quantify the magnitude and pattern of lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and TG) in women with different phenotypes of PCOS versus control women. Methods Worldwide published observational (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort) studies between January 2010 and December 2024 were systematically searched and assessed using electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science-Science Citation Index, where women suffering from different PCOS phenotypes were compared with non-PCOS controls. The association between lipid levels and PCOS was estimated by the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The studies included 3655 PCOS patients (phenotype A 1907, phenotype B 474, phenotype C 764, phenotype D 510) and 1824 control participants. Women with the complete phenotype polycystic ovarian morphology plus hyperandrogenism plus ovulatory dysfunction (PCO+HA+O) had increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and TGs compared to women with other PCOS phenotypes. Total cholesterol was 12.69 mg/dl [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.25, 17.13] in phenotype A. TG levels exhibited the greatest MD in phenotype A and the smallest in phenotype C when compared to control subjects. Interpretation & conclusions The study found significant differences in lipid levels among different PCOS phenotypes compared to control women, highlighting the significance of recognising these differences for cardiovascular risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 5","pages":"491-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving completeness & reducing errors in medical certification of cause of death: The impact of electronic mortality software in a tertiary care centre in South India.","authors":"Abinavsharvesh Thanigasalam, Ramadoss Ramu, Kanagarethinam Rajarethinam","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1394_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1394_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Mortality statistics are crucial for understanding public health. Accurate medical certification of cause of death (MCCD) is essential for good mortality statistics. However, the quality of MCCD form-filling remains a concern. Based on the learnings from the ICMR-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (ICMR-NCDIR), e-Mortality software implementation project, our institute developed and used a new in-house mortality software for MCCD from January 2021. This study compared MCCD forms before and after implementation of the mortality software. Methods The study was conducted from March 2024 to July 2024 in the department of Medicine at a tertiary care teaching institute in Puducherry. We analysed 105 hand-written forms from the year 2020 and 105 software-generated forms from the year 2021, focusing on completeness, errors, and International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) compatibility. We checked 13 items for completeness. Errors were categorised as major or minor, depending on how they affected ICD-10 coding. Results The proportion of completeness improved from 4 to 19 per cent after software introduction (P<0.001). Minor errors significantly decreased from 96 to 81 per cent (P<0.002). About 88 per cent of hand-written forms had major errors, which was significantly reduced to 42 per cent in software-generated forms (P<0.001). Compatibility of the underlying cause of death for generating ICD-10 coding improved from 73 to 96 per cent (P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions The findings of this study suggest that our mortality software significantly improved completeness and modestly reduced errors. Other institutions may consider adopting an electronic format for MCCD to improve completeness and accuracy. We emphasise regular training of doctors and auditing of MCCD forms to further improve the quality of death certification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 4","pages":"420-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}