Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of osteoporosis in healthy adult males in India measured by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Manish Raj, Saurabh Suman, Sudarsan Behera, Pawan Kumar, Himel Mondal","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_552_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_552_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Perceived as a disease of postmenopausal women, osteoporosis is an underrecognised problem in males, as well. In India, available evidence on osteoporosis prevalence in healthy men is limited and heterogeneous, and many studies rely on non-gold-standard assessment tools. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based evidence on osteoporosis prevalence and bone mineral density (BMD) in otherwise healthy adult Indian men. Methods We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251145491). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Central were searched for studies reporting DXA-measured osteoporosis prevalence or BMD in apparently healthy Indian men aged ≥18 y. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests, where sufficient studies were available. Results Twenty-one studies were included. Six studies (n=1,569) contributed to the osteoporosis prevalence meta-analysis, yielding a pooled prevalence of 14.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.31-24.45], with substantial heterogeneity (I2=89.9%). Seven studies (n=1,585) reported osteopenia prevalence, with a pooled estimate of 50.3% (95% CI: 40.87-59.79). The pooled mean lumbar spine BMD was 0.99 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.95-1.04), and femoral neck BMD was 0.87 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.82-0.92). No significant publication bias was detected for major continuous outcomes. Interpretation and conclusions DXA-based evidence shows a considerable burden of osteoporosis and osteopenia among healthy adult Indian men; however, the evidence is heterogeneous and limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"575-583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' Response.","authors":"Meryl Saji Kottarathil, Lawrence D'Cruze, Divya Dhanabal, K Hemapriya","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3068_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3068_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"661-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' Response.","authors":"Viswanathan Mohan, Coimbatore Subramanian Shanthi Rani, Ganesan Uma Sankari, Rajendra Pradeepa, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Thangarajan Rahulashankiruthiyayan, Kumaradas Gini Venisha, Loganathan Geetha, Ulagamadesan Venkatesan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3071_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3071_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"667-668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosenescence and immune dysfunction in treated and untreated HIV-infected individuals.","authors":"A Nusrath Unissa, A Madheswaran, A Inbanathan, M Malathi, M Vasantha, M Kannan, S Mangayarkarasi, R Senthilnathan, V Elamathi, Amrose Pradeep, K G Murugavel, T R Dinesha, L E Hanna","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1597_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1597_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives To better understand the immune alterations resulting from HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, we analysed various markers of immunosenescence and immune dysregulation in HIV-1-infected individuals on prolonged combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (HIV+ART+), treatment-naïve HIV+ individuals (HIV+ART-), and HIV-negative healthy controls (HCs). Methods Multicolour flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess levels of immune activation, T cell differentiation, immunosenescence, immune exhaustion, and regulation using surface immune phenotyping and intracellular staining assays with a FACS Aria III SORP flow cytometer (Beckton Dickinson). The study groups were compared and correlated using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation test. Results We observed significant immunological perturbations in immune activation, cellular differentiation, immunosenescence, and exhaustion in CD8 T cells from HIV+ART+ (n=68) compared with HIV+ART- (n=19) and HC (n=57) groups. The proportion of immunosenescent T cells (CD8⁺CD28⁻CD57⁺KLRG1⁺) was lower in the ART+ group [23% (6-80)] than in the ART- group [28% (4-52)]. Telomere length was significantly (P<0.005) shorter in the ART+ group compared with the HC group. We also observed an inverse relationship (r=-0.27) between levels of immunosenescence and telomere length. Interpretation and conclusions Our study demonstrates substantial immunological perturbations associated with immunosenescence and dysregulated immune response in the HIV+ART- group, compared with the HIV+ART+ group, which maintained a stable immunological status characterised by reduced frequencies of senescent T cells and increased telomere length. This suggests that prolonged and effective treatment might contribute to deceleration of ageing, resulting in healthy longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"637-646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People living with HIV and key populations in Arunachal Pradesh: A communication needs assessment.","authors":"Debarshi Paul, Naba Jyoti Saikia, Anoop Dev, Pallavi Boro, Binita Singha, Marbom Basar, Annong Borang, Koj Tara","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1811_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1811_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh has the highest number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive recorded cases. A communication needs assessment for people living with HIV (PLHIV) as well as key populations (KPs) is a necessity to understand health status, needs, and issues relating to HIV. This study was undertaken to describe the demographic characteristics of PLHIV and KPs and to identify their communication needs/preferences for HIV services in Arunachal Pradesh. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among PLHIV and KPs of Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 80 PLHIV could be traced; the ratio of PLHIV and KPs was decided to be 1: 4 thus including 342 individuals of KP. Participants were selected using the snowball sampling technique. Both primary (using predesigned and pretested schedules) and secondary data (from government official records) were collected for the study. Results Total of 62 (77.5%) of PLHIV were in the age group of 18-28 y. About 37 (46%) PLHIV preferred face to face channel for communication. The most preferred channel of communication with healthcare providers among injecting drug users (IDUs), female sex workers (FSWs), and men who have sex with men (MSMs) was face-to-face communication. Only 20 (25%) of the participants were receiving treatment for HIV infection. All FSWs, 55 MSMs (87.3%) and 36 IDUs (51.4%) had never received any messages regarding HIV self-testing (HIVST) services. Interpretation and conclusions Persistent behavioral risks and suboptimal use of HIV prevention and treatment services were observed among PLHIV and key populations. Strengthening confidential, interpersonal counselling and awareness through preferred communication channels may improve HIV prevention and care outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"528-534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue vaccines and serotype complexity: Why India needs a calibrated strategy.","authors":"Vipin M Vashishtha, Puneet Kumar","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1987_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1987_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>India's approval of TAK-003 (Qdenga) on July 20, 2026, marks a defining moment in dengue prevention, yet four-serotype complexity demands a calibrated rather than uniform strategy. Built on a live-attenuated DENV-2 backbone, TAK-003 generates lower type-specific neutralising antibody titres - most critically against DENV-3 - an imbalance compounded by original antigenic sin, which may further limit cellular priming against DENV-3 and DENV-4. India's epidemiology amplifies these concerns: DENV-3 accounted for nearly 80% of typed cases in Bengaluru in 2024 - a regional signal, though serotype dominance varies across States - and large seronegative peri-urban populations remain vulnerable. NIH TV003-derived vaccines, including India's DengiAll in Phase 3, incorporate attenuated strains of all four serotypes, offering potentially broader immunity. TAK-003's demonstrated efficacy against severe dengue and hospitalisation - including in seronegative participants - makes it a valuable first-line tool. We argue for a phased, serotype-informed strategy: deploy TAK-003 now, while building surveillance capacity for vaccines with potentially broader serotype coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public healthcare system preparedness and community perceptions on comprehensive preconception care service delivery in Maharashtra, India.","authors":"Saniya Shafi Qureshi, Purvi Fulmali, Bhavya M, Ragini Kulkarni, Shailesh Pande, Deepti Tandon, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Beena Joshi","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3421_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3421_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Preconception care (PCC) comprises a set of biomedical, behavioural, and social interventions provided before conception to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. PCC remains a critical missing link in the continuum of reproductive healthcare in India. This study assessed public health-system preparedness and community perception related to PCC service delivery in Maharashtra. Methods A mixed-method, pre-intervention situational analysis was conducted to assess public health-system preparedness and community perceptions regarding PCC service delivery in selected districts of Maharashtra, India. Using stratified purposive sampling, 31 public health facilities were assessed using a facility checklist adapted from World Health Organization (WHO) SARA (Service Availability and Readiness Assessment) domains and mapped to WHO health system building blocks. Additionally, 143 key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted among healthcare providers, and 20 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with newly married couples and mothers-in-law across rural (tribal and non-tribal) and urban (slum and non-slum) settings. Qualitative findings were thematically analysed using the social ecological model. Both models were triangulated using a COM-B (capacity, opportunity, motivation→ behaviour) framework. Results All assessed facilities had basic infrastructure and manpower; however, PCC services were largely restricted to anaemia prophylaxis and family planning commodities. Major systemic challenges included the absence of PCC-specific guidelines, irregular supply of essential medicines and diagnostics, limited health management and information systems (HMIS) integration, weak policy coordination, inadequate human resources, and referral pathways. From the community perspective, PCC awareness was negligible; misconceptions linked it to infertility care, and family gatekeeping limited women's autonomy. Gender norms and poor male involvement further constrained service uptake. Interpretation and conclusions Although Maharashtra has favourable policy support for PCC through the Mission Vatsalya initiative, significant gaps persist in the health system's readiness and community awareness. Developing PCC-specific operational and technical guidelines, capacity building, provision of information, and education material, PCC indicator integration in HMIS, and demand generation, coupled with male involvement, can optimise PCC uptake and improve PCC service utilisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"260-271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye banking in India: Present status, goals, and prospects for a future-ready ecosystem.","authors":"Sunita Chaurasia, Sayan Basu, Gullapalli N Rao","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1794_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1794_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"157-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORS-from choir to solo.","authors":"Ashok Kumar Patwari","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1531_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1531_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In conversation with Dr Harlan M. Krumholz: On preprints, the story behind medRxiv.","authors":"Albina Arjuman","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2252_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2252_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}