Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Microtubule disruption and apoptotic induction by Vibrio cholerae haemagglutinin protease: Implications for anticancer therapy in colon and gastric tumours.","authors":"Tanusree Ray, Pinaki Roy, Niraj Nag, Animesh Gope, Amit Pal","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_189_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_189_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Drug resistance and off-target toxicity remain major challenges in cancer therapy. Due to rapid proliferating nature of malignant cells, microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used for chemotherapy, although their clinical efficacy is often limited by drug resistance and adverse effects. Objective of this study was to identify a novel therapeutic agent capable of selectively targeting microtubules in cancer cells while minimising toxicity to normal cells. Present study evaluates the chemotherapeutic potential of Vibrio cholerae haemagglutinin protease (HAP) as a novel MTA for gastric and colon cancers by investigating its role in microtubule degradation and apoptosis induction. Methods Effects of HAP were evaluated in human gastric and colon cancer cells using cellular and molecular assays. Time-dependent live-cell imaging was employed to assess HAP internalisation and co-localisation within intracellular organelles. Explant cultures derived from human tumour tissues were used to replicate the tumour microenvironment and validate therapeutic responses. Results HAP treatment activated protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), which is overexpressed in malignant cells, leading to an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitated HAP internalisation. Once internalised, HAP induced microtubule degradation through four mechanisms: ROS-mediated degradation of MAP2 and tau, destabilising microtubule network; enhancing tubulin-PARKIN interaction, enabling microtubule ubiquitination; and activation of lysosomal and proteasomal pathways to degrade microtubules. Collectively these events triggered apoptotic cascades in cancer cells and explant tissues, while normal healthy cells remained unaffected. Interpretation and conclusions HAP demonstrates strong potential as a selective anticancer therapeutic by inducing microtubule degradation and apoptosis without compromising viability of normal cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Workplace exposure to aflatoxins & its health effects: A systematic review.","authors":"","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1464_2025_ER","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1464_2025_ER","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This corrects the article DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_1464_2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' response.","authors":"Tejeswini C J, Siddhu R, Syed J, Pereira P","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3175_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3175_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"664-665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk-factors and early prediction of impaired kidney function among indigenous adults in Odisha, India: A secondary analysis.","authors":"Jaya Singh Kshatri, Vishal Deo, Kavitha A K, Tanveer Rehman, Vivekananda Jha, Sanghamitra Pati","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_491_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_491_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Native and indigenous communities have a high burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The burden of this condition amongst the indigenous populations of India is poorly documented. We estimated the prevalence and determinants of impaired kidney function among indigenous adults in Odisha, using large scale sample survey data, employing machine learning models. Methods We analysed data from 19,703 adults across 53 indigenous communities enrolled in the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS, 2022-23). Data were collected with serum creatinine, from which estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was derived using chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation (CKD-EPI). Impaired kidney function (IKF) was defined as eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73m2 and classified into mild, moderate, severe, and failure categories. Deep neural network (DNN) and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models were developed for early prediction for IKF. Results Overall, 24.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 23.8-25.9] of participants had IKF: 16.6% mild, 6.4% moderate, 1.5% severe, and 0.3% kidney failure. The prevalence increased with age (5.6% in 18-30 y vs. 79.4% in >70 y) and was higher among men, those with lower education, tobacco or alcohol use, and individuals with hypertension, diabetes, or underweight. The DNN model showed good predictive performance (accuracy 0.78; recall 0.69), with improved recall (0.78) at a threshold of 0.4. Decision curve analysis suggested a potential benefit of machine learning (ML) based targeted screening. Shapley Additive explanations (SHAP) analysis identified age, hypertension, diabetes, tobacco use, alcohol use, and low dietary diversity as key predictors. Interpretations and conclusions Nearly one in four adults from indigenous communities in Odisha had IKF, highlighting a substantial and inequitable kidney disease burden. Machine learning models using routine data offer a feasible strategy for early detection and targeted interventions in resource-limited indigenous settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"621-629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult immunization initiative: Which surrogate markers should be used for vaccine efficacy?","authors":"Sarman Singh","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_780_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_780_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"657-658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From abnormality detection to decision-grade deployment: Strengthening the next translational step for DeepCXR.","authors":"Mulavagili Vijayasimha, Rajeev Kumar Jha, Maitri Chakraborty","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1224_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1224_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"331-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing patterns of stroke multimorbidity in India: A longitudinal analysis of WHO-SAGE data (2007-2020).","authors":"Jeetendra Yadav, Krishna Kumar, Rohit Yadav, Kanniganti Bharathi, Sanghamitra Pati","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_81_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_81_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives A considerable proportion of the older populations have been suffering from stroke multimorbidity. Post-stroke complications often affect the overall well-being of individuals. This study assesses the trends, patterns, and determinants of stroke multimorbidity. Methods We used data from three waves of the World Health Organization study on global ageing and adult health (WHO-SAGE) and analysed individuals aged 50 and above years (Wave I, 7,150 individuals, Wave II, 6,823 individuals, and Wave III, 6,719 individuals) who reported a physician diagnosis of stroke. We analysed trends and patterns of stroke multimorbidity across three waves of WHO-SAGE. Stroke multimorbidity was also analysed with respect to the socioeconomic characteristics of study participants. Results We found a significant increase in the prevalence of stroke multimorbidity over one and a half decade (1,050 per 100,000 to 2,410 per 100,000). The burden of stroke multimorbidity increased steadily, mainly among individuals suffering from two or more long-term conditions. Prevalence of stroke multimorbidity was much higher among older people aged 80 yr and above in wave 3 as compared with wave 1, a relative increase of around 200%. An older individual with no formal education showed an increased prevalence of stroke multimorbidity, a relative change of 102% in last one and a half decade. Interpretation and conclusions This study demonstrated a significant increase in the prevalence of stroke multimorbidity over the last one and a half decade (2007-2020), which considerably varied by age group, sex, place of residence, education, and wealth quintile.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"325-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author's response.","authors":"Laxit K Bhatt","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3172_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3172_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"658-659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic role of deferasirox loaded niosomes against aluminium-maltolate induced Alzheimer disease: A study in Swiss albino mice.","authors":"Ganesh Sankar, Indumathy R, Hemanth Umasankar","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3060_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3060_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Aluminium, a common component in underarm deodorants, has been reported to increase oxidative stress when present in the bloodstream, and chronic exposure is considered a potential risk factor for Alzheimer disease. This study investigates the neuroprotective and chelating effects of deferasirox (DFX) and its niosome-based formulation (DFX-NS) against aluminium-maltolate (Almal)-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Methods Thirty male Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned into five groups: Control, Almal, Standard (STD), DFX, and DFX-NS. For 21 d, all groups except the control received Almal to induce neurotoxicity, followed by respective treatments for an additional 21 d. After the treatment period, cognitive function was assessed using behavioral tests such as the Morris Water Maze and Y Maze. An in vitro MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was performed on SH-SY5Y cells to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of DFX. In vivo analyses-including elemental analysis (ICP-MS), histopathology, oxidative stress parameters [Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT)], urine analysis, and protein estimation (Bradford assay)-were performed on the brain, which was isolated after cervical dislocation. Results The results obtained shows that the Deferasirox has optimum capacity to chelate the aluminium ions in the brains of the Alzheimer-diseased swiss albino mice. Though, the evidence obtained were not fully conclusive, but still the results from the niosomes group shows effective treatment option for the Alzheimer disease caused by the aluminium exposure. Interpretation and conclusions The efficacy of DFX and DFX-NS in reducing aluminium-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in the brain proves that DFX could be a possible candidate for treating Alzheimer's patients linked with metal toxicities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"550-558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a structured gastric aspirate training on diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis among healthcare workers in rural Chhattisgarh.","authors":"Varun M Angadi, Fidius Kerketta, Prabir Chatterjee, Ashish Kumar Sinha, Atul Jindal","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3401_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3401_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Childhood tuberculosis remains underdiagnosed in India. Although gastric aspiration is recommended to improve microbiological confirmation, its use at lower-tier health facilities is limited by training, infrastructural, and logistical constraints. This study evaluated whether a structured, training-focused implementation strategy could integrate gastric aspiration into routine paediatric TB diagnostic workflows at primary and community health settings, and assessed its feasibility, acceptance, uptake, and diagnostic yield. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods controlled before-and-after implementation study in Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh, involving training of healthcare providers across 39 primary health centres and 10 community health centres. The intervention included hands-on training, procedural standardisation, mentorship, limited logistical support and community engagement, guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research. Outcomes assessed included procedural uptake, caregiver acceptance, diagnostic yield, and contextual factors influencing implementation. Results Of 652 eligible children with presumptive TB, 567 (87%) underwent gastric aspiration, versus 18 pre-intervention, indicating a marked increase in uptake. Most samples (75%) were collected at peripheral facilities, reflecting decentralisation of the procedure. However, microbiological confirmation was low, with a cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) positivity rate of 0.9%. Quality audits identified persistent operational challenges, including suboptimal cold-chain maintenance, delayed specimen transport, inadequate sample volume, and variable staff sensitisation, which likely contributed to the low diagnostic yield. Interpretation and conclusions A structured training and implementation approach enabled integration of gastric aspiration into routine practice at peripheral health facilities with high uptake and acceptance. However, low microbiological yield highlights substantial pre-analytical and system-level constraints that limited diagnostic effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"566-573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}