Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among the critical care personnel in a tertiary care hospital in Sikkim: An observational study.","authors":"Anusha Subba, Dechen Chomu Tsering","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1224_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1224_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Persistent nasal colonisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among healthcare personnel (HCP) remains a significant challenge. MRSA carriers are crucial to the spread of the infection, with healthcare professionals often acting as vectors for both hospital- and community-acquired MRSA. This study aimed to evaluate the MRSA carriage rate among healthcare professionals from critical care units at a tertiary care hospital in Gangtok, Sikkim. Furthermore, the study undertook to analyse antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated MSSA and MRSA strains, and identify associated risk factors for MRSA infection. Methods Three hundred samples from healthcare workers (HCW) posted in the critical care units of a tertiary care hospital were cultured and identified by routine biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method for all MRSA and MSSA isolates. Association with various risk factors was understood by the Chi square test. Results Nineteen of the 300 participants were identified as nasal MRSA carriers having an overall carriage rate of 6.33 per cent in this study. The prevalence of MRSA was seen to be the highest among the attendants (9.52%), and the highest carriers were from the surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICUs). All the MRSA and MSSA isolates showed 100 per cent resistance to penicillin and 100 per cent susceptibility to linezolid. A significant correlation among hand hygiene practices and patient contact was reported from this study. Interpretation & conclusions Despite existing infection control policies, the MRSA carriage seen in HCWs in critical care units was 6.33 per cent, highlighting the need for regular systematic screening and decolonisation of all healthcare professionals to decrease the carrier status and prevent the spread of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on diabetes distress & anxiety among people with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Manjula Arunraj, Vaishnavi Vijay, Satyavani Kumpatla, Vijay Viswanathan","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1227_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1227_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Diabetes distress (DD) is a mental condition that can develop in people with diabetes and shares characteristics with stress, anxiety, and depression. The aim was to determine the effect of Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) therapy on DD, anxiety, glycemic control, hemodynamic and lipid measures among people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A total of 80 participants were recruited for this prospective randomised intervention study and divided into two groups equally; group 1 (Control) (n=40) received general counselling for stress reduction and group 2 (Intervention) (n=40) received PMR therapy and general counselling for stress reduction. A pre-, and post-test was done with diabetes distress Scale (DDS) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Scales. Baseline data on anthropometric, hemodynamic, biochemical details were collected and repeated after three months. Thirty-six participants, with four dropouts in each group, reported for follow up. Diabetes medication regimens in both groups remained unchanged throughout the study period. Results There was a significant reduction in the total mean scores of DDS (Pre vs. Post) (3.8 vs. 1.6) and GAD Scale (17.9 vs. 6.3; P<0.0001) in the intervention group. The PMR therapy group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c, fasting and post prandial (PP) glucose levels with HbA1c (baseline vs. follow up; 9.2% vs. 7.6%), fasting (194.5 mg/dl vs. 142.4 mg/dl) and PP glucose levels (266.5 mg/dl vs. 175.5 mg/dl) (P=0.001) whereas control group showed an increase in HbA1c, fasting and PP glucose levels. The impact of PMR therapy was also reflected in the lipid profile. Seventy per cent of the intervention group participants followed PMR therapy regularly. Interpretation & conclusions Our study findings highlighted that PMR therapy had a positive effect on diabetes distress and anxiety among people with T2DM. It also improved glycemic control and can be used as an adjunctive to the medications for better management of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beating leprosy: Unmasking challenges, ending stigma, & prioritizing mental well-being.","authors":"Sukhdeep Singh, Tarun Narang, Sunil Dogra","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2212_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2212_2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Wastewater-based genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in vulnerable communities in Mumbai.","authors":"","doi":"10.25259/ijmr_299_24_CR","DOIUrl":"10.25259/ijmr_299_24_CR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misdiagnosis of leprosy: An underappreciated reason for its continued prevalence.","authors":"Kabir Sardana, Savitha Sharath, Ananta Khurana","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_15_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_15_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piloting an event-based surveillance model in private hospitals for early detection of disease clusters, Kerala, India.","authors":"Raman Swathy Vaman, Sunil Solomon, Francisco Averhoff, Alan L Landay, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Flory Joseph, Gavin Cloherty, Manoj V Murhekar","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1395_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1395_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Event-based surveillance (EBS) is a critical component of early warning systems for detecting and responding to infectious disease outbreaks. While EBS is widely used in public health settings, its integration into private healthcare facilities remains limited. This study undertook to pilot an EBS in private hospitals in Kasaragod, Kerala and to assess its added value in early detection of disease clusters. Methods Clinical nurses abstracted the data on hospitalisation dates, places of residence, and presenting illnesses from case records of patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) admitted in six private hospitals. A software algorithm analysed the data to identify spatiotemporal clustering of case-patients or deaths (signals), for syndromes of interest [acute febrile illness with rash (AFIR), acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), acute febrile illness with haemorrhage (AFIH) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI)]. The District Surveillance Unit (DSU) verified these signals, flagged verified signals as events, and conducted a risk assessment to determine if the events were outbreaks. Results From May to December 2023, data from 3294 (73%) of 4512 AFI patients were analysed using the EBS algorithm. Of the 88 signals identified, 67 (76%) were due to SARI, 9 (10.3%) were due to AES, and 9 (9%) were due to AFIR. Ten signals were verified as events, of which nine were classified as outbreaks (dengue-1, H1N1-3, H3N2-1, H1N1 and H3N2 - 1, H1N1 and SARS-COV2 - 1, no pathogen detected- 2). Five outbreaks were not detected by the existing indicator-based surveillance (IBS). Interpretation & conclusions EBS pilot in private health facilities complemented the IBS system by early detecting outbreaks. This EBS model has the potential for implementation in other districts, especially in districts at higher risk of zoonotic spillover.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development & evaluation of a training programme to address complex post-COVID psychological needs.","authors":"Aruna Laxmy, Himani Kashyap, Rajakumari P Reddy, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Paulomi Matam Sudhir, K S Meena","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_416_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_416_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives In India, mental health treatment gaps are significant, and related to shortage of trained personnel. Published literature has identified gaps in existing training programmes including - delivering psychological interventions for complex concerns such as intensified post-COVID grief, trauma, suicidality; ongoing mentoring; and culture-sensitive interventions. Despite government initiatives, gaps in treatment and training have been compounded by a surge in psychological distress following COVID-19. This study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a training programme for psychologists to identify, assess, and treat complex post-COVID psychological concerns. Methods The study employed a sequential mixed exploratory research design with tailored programme development (Phase I) and programme delivery with pre-post evaluations of participation, satisfaction, learning and competence using Moore's framework (Phase II). Psychologists with postgraduate qualifications, engaged in direct client contact were invited through flyers to participate in the free online training programme. Results The final programme included ten modules; with knowledge, skills, and application components; comprising synchronous and asynchronous elements. Fifty-three participants enrolled in the programme and 70 per cent completed the course. Pre-post evaluations indicated high satisfaction (93.54% rated as met/exceeded expectations); improvements in competence (pre training mode = 3; post-training mode = 4); and average to above average learning scores (mean scores ≥3 on 7 out of 9 module quizzes). Participant feedback revealed that the focus on complex concerns, practical learning through interactive sessions and role play recordings, and case-based supervision were helpful. Interpretation & conclusions The programme focused on training gaps identified through a needs assessment survey. It was received well in terms of participation, satisfaction, content, accessibility and learning. The indigenous and skill-focused training has implications to contribute to future mental health preparedness and scope for large-scale deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiazide diuretics use & risk of falls & syncope among hypertensives: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"M Yogesh, Mohil Karangia, Jay Nagda, Freya Kankhara, Parth Anilbhai Parmar, Nandan Shah","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_638_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_638_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & Objectives Although thiazide diuretics are frequently used to treat hypertension, they may also raise the risk of syncope and falls. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between hypertension individuals' use of thiazide diuretics and falls or syncope. Methods This retrospective cohort study, conducted between March 2019 and March 2024, included 236 individuals with hypertension taking thiazides and 236 controls not taking thiazides. Data from electronic medical records were extracted, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data. The main outcome was the occurrence of syncope episodes or falls. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between various factors and falls/syncope risk. Results The study included 236 study participants taking thiazides (118 men, 118 women) and 236 controls not taking thiazides (118 men, 118 women). Study participants taking thiazides had a higher prevalence of hyponatremia (57 study participants, 24.1% vs. 31 study participants, 13.1%), hypokalaemia (52 study participants, 22% vs. 32 study participants, 13.6%), hypercalcemia (37 study participants, 15.7% vs. 17 study participants, 7.2%), metabolic alkalosis (89 study participants, 37.7% vs. 52 study participants, 22%), acute kidney injury (59 study participants, 25% vs. 30 study participants, 12.7%), and chronic kidney disease (89 study participants, 37.7% vs. 59 study participants, 25%) compared to controls (all P<0.05). The prevalence of falls/syncope events was significantly higher in the thiazide group (76 study participants, 32.2%) compared to the non-thiazide group (46 study participants, 19.5%), with a P value of 0.002. Multivariate analysis showed increased falls/syncope risk with age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.38], congestive heart failure (AOR=2.12), longer thiazide duration (AOR=1.21), hyponatremia (AOR=1.68), hypokalaemia (AOR=1.72), metabolic alkalosis (AOR=1.68), acute kidney injury (AOR=1.85), and decreased eGFR (AOR=1.22 per 10 ml/min/1.73m2 decrease). Interpretation & Conclusion Thiazide diuretic use in hypertensive patients is related to syncope, potentially mediated by electrolyte disturbances and renal impairment. These results highlight the importance of careful monitoring and individualized treatment approaches when prescribing thiazide diuretics to hypertensive patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the women's health paradigm beyond reproductive boundaries.","authors":"Hrishikesh Munshi, Tabassum Khan, Sandhya Anand, Rahul Gajbhiye","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1428_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1428_2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging artificial intelligence to promote COVID-19 appropriate behaviour in a healthcare institution from north India: A feasibility study.","authors":"Madhur Verma, Moonis Mirza, Karan Sayal, Sukesh Shenoy, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Anil Goel, Rakesh Kakkar","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_337_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_337_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & Objectives Non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) were crucial in curbing the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves, but compliance was difficult. The primary aim of this study was to assess the changes in compliance with NPIs in healthcare settings using Artificial intelligence (AI) and examine the barriers and facilitators of using AI systems in healthcare. Methods A pre-post-intervention study was conducted in a north-Indian hospital between April and July 2022. YOLO-V5 and 3D Cartesian distance algorithm-based AI modules were used to ascertain compliance through several parameters like confidence threshold, intersection-over-union threshold, image size, distance threshold (6 feet), and 3D Euclidean Distance estimation. Validation was done by evaluating model performance on a labelled test dataset, and accuracy was 91.3 per cent. Interventions included daily sensitization and health education for the hospital staff and visitors, display of information, education and communication (IEC) materials, and administrative surveillance. In-depth interviews were conducted with the stakeholders to assess the feasibility issues. Flagged events during the three phases were compared using One-way ANOVA tests in SPSS. Results Higher social distancing (SD) compliance events were flagged by the module in the intervention phase compared to the pre-intervention and post-intervention phases (P<0.05). Mask non-compliance was significantly lower (P <0.05) in the pre-intervention phase and highest in the post-intervention phase, with varied differences between different intervention phases in the registration hall and medicine out-patient department (OPD). The modules' data safety, transfer, and cost were the most common concerns. Interpretation & conclusions AI can supplement our efforts against the pandemic and offer indispensable help with minimal feasibility issues that can be resolved through adequate sensitization and training.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}