Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Cost per outcome of ICU care under Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana in Odisha.","authors":"Shakti Bedanta Mishra, Samir Samal, Satyajit Choudhury","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2665_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2665_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives The Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana (BSKY), a State-run health insurance programme in Odisha, provides financial protection for high-cost care, including intensive care unit (ICU) services. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and economic value of ICU care delivered under BSKY over a two-year period at a tertiary centre. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted among adults (≥18 years) with an APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) score ≥15 who were admitted to the ICU between January 2022 and December 2023 under BSKY coverage. Financial data (government reimbursement, hospital costs) and clinical outcomes (demographics, length of stay, mortality) were analysed. The cost per life saved and the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted were calculated using the WHO-CHOICE (World Health Organization Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective) methodology. Results Of 2,805 ICU admissions, 1,799 eligible patients were analysed (mean age: 57.1 years; 64% male). The survival rate to discharge was 78.7%. Median ICU stay was 5.46 (1.86 - 9.06) days for survivors and 7.53 (1.4 - 13.66) days for non-survivors. The average hospital cost per patient was INR (₹) 69,381.62 (US$831.28), while the mean BSKY reimbursement was ₹1,03,411.4 (US$1,239) for survivors and ₹1,51,402.97 (US$1,814) for non-survivors. The cost per life saved was ₹1,44,366.99 (US$1,729.7). The study population yielded 8502 DALYs, with a cost per DALY averted of ₹74,941.97 (US$897.9) overall, ₹11,376 (US$136.3) for patients <60 yr, and ₹1,03,194.4 (US$1,236.4) for those ≥60 yr. Interpretation and conclusions ICU care under BSKY reduced patients' financial burden and achieved favourable cost per outcome across age groups, with particularly high value among younger patients. The findings support the need to sustain and expand critical care coverage under State health insurance schemes in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","authors":"Jaivinder Yadav, Jogender Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Lesa Dawman, Jitendra Meena, Lokesh Saini, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Devi Dayal, Rimesh Pal","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2655_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2655_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), offering the possibility of modifying disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in patients with T1DM. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published until January 2025 that evaluated stem cell therapy in T1DM. The primary outcome was the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The secondary outcomes included fasting C-peptide levels, insulin dose reduction, insulin independence, and adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Results Eight reports from seven RCTs (169 participants) were included. Stem cell therapy was associated with a marginal reduction in HbA1c at 6 months [mean difference (MD): -0.57%, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.02] but not at 12 months (-0.49%, -0.98 to 0.00). Fasting C-peptide levels (ng/mL) showed slight improvement at both 6 months (0.03, 0.03 to 0.03) and 12 months (0.09, 0.05 to 0.13). None of the participants achieved insulin independence or experienced serious adverse events. The certainty of the evidence was rated as very low for all outcomes. Interpretation and conclusions Stem cell therapy may offer marginal improvements in HbA1c and fasting C-peptide levels in T1DM; however, these benefits are of limited clinical significance. Given the small sample sizes, high heterogeneity, and very low certainty of evidence, well-designed, adequately powered RCTs are required to establish the therapeutic role of stem cells in T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMI-dependent methylation and clinical signatures in North Indian women with PCOS.","authors":"Kajal Rawat, Arushi Sandhu, Anil Kumar, Lekha Saha, Rama Walia, Pradip Kumar Saha, Alka Bhatia","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2980_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2980_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine-metabolic disorder with unclear etiology, influenced by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. This study investigated the role of gene-specific DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation in North Indian women with PCOS stratified by body mass index (BMI). Methods Thirty women with PCOS (19 obese, 11 non-obese) and 10 healthy controls (age-matched to both PCOS groups; BMI-matched to non-obese PCOS) were recruited. BMI stratification was intentional to assess obesity-specific epigenetic modifications. Clinical, hormonal, and metabolic parameters were assessed. Promoter-methylation and mRNA expression of 17 candidate genes involved in epigenetic regulation, steroidogenesis, insulin signalling, and cell proliferation were analysed using methylation-specific PCR and qRT-PCR. Correlation matrices were constructed to evaluate associations between methylation and clinical traits. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) based modelling was used to assess the predictive utility of methylation markers. Results PCOS-obese participants exhibited significantly elevated testosterone, Luteinising Hormone (LH), and cholesterol levels compared to controls. Vitamin D₃ deficiency was observed in both PCOS subgroups. Epigenetic analysis revealed hypermethylation and downregulation of TET1 and INSIG1, and hypomethylation-linked overexpression of SF1, CYP11A1, and cell cycle regulators. Correlation analyses revealed associative methylation expression signatures linked with key hormonal parameters (e.g., testosterone, LH/FSH ratio) and, to a lesser extent, metabolic traits (associative findings but not mechanistic conclusions). Interpretation and conclusions This integrative study highlights distinct methylation-expression signatures as hypothesis-generating markers that show statistical association with certain clinical traits, particularly in the obese-PCOS subgroup, but require validation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of Acanthamoeba in human infections and environmental reservoirs in India.","authors":"Sumeeta Khurana, Shreya Singh, Shivani Rathor, Parveen Tanwar, Anitha P Moorkoth, Shameer V K, Pressy Sankar, Bindu V, Nitin Gupta, Kokila Banerjee, Subendu Roy, Jyothi Rajahamsan, Manjusree Shanmugham, Aravind Reghukumar, Ragini Tilak, Nishant Verma","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3314_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3314_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living amoebae causing rare but frequently fatal, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Understanding their genotypic distribution is essential for defining epidemiology and identifying environmental sources. This study investigated Acanthamoeba in clinically suspected cases of GAE and in environmental water sources across India. Methods A total of 125 clinical specimens from patients with suspected GAE [cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain biopsy tissue, or pus] and 14 environmental water samples (pond, well, and household water) were analyzed between April 2023 and August 2025. Microscopic examination of samples and culture on non-nutrient agar overlaid with Escherichia coli was done. Centrifuged water pellets were processed similarly. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) targeting the Acanthamoeba spp. diagnostic fragment were performed, followed by sequencing for genotype identification. Results Eighteen (14.4%) clinical samples were Acanthamoeba-PCR positive, with seven yielding positive cultures. These included samples from Kerala (n=9), Karnataka (n=4), Himachal Pradesh (n=2), and one each from Delhi, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. Seven (50%) water samples were Acanthamoeba-PCR positive (Kerala, n=4, and West Bengal, n=3), of which two were culture-positive. Genotyping of 12 clinical and four environmental samples revealed that all isolates belonged to genotype T4, except for one T3 CSF-derived isolate from Karnataka. Interpretation and conclusions The predominance of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 across clinical and environmental samples mirrors global trends and suggests enhanced pathogenic potential and ecological adaptability of this genotype. The detection of environmental genotypes underscores the importance of systematic environmental surveillance in elucidating transmission pathways more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"114-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of curcumin and resveratrol in the synergistic activation of foetal haemoglobin in sickle cell disease.","authors":"Robby Kumar, Eli Mohapatra","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3210_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3210_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Sickle cell disease is a major haemoglobin disorder, and foetal haemoglobin (HbF) remains the strongest modifier of disease severity. Hydroxyurea is the standard HbF-inducing drug, but many patients show limited response. Curcumin and resveratrol are natural polyphenols with low toxicity. This study evaluated their individual and combined effects on HbF induction in K562 cells and primary CD34⁺ cells. Methods K562 cells were treated with curcumin, resveratrol, and hydroxyurea at increasing doses. Viability was measured by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and IC₅₀ values (half maximal inhibitory concentration) were calculated. Drug combinations were tested in fixed ratios, and synergy was analysed using CompuSyn and SynergyFinder. CD34⁺ cells were isolated by MACS (magnetic-activated cell sorting) and differentiated for 14 days. Treatments began on day 3, and HbF levels were measured by ELISA. Results Curcumin showed the lowest IC₅₀ (74.8-66.3 µM), followed by resveratrol (84.3-75.2 µM), and hydroxyurea (140-131.9 µM) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). All compounds maintained over 70% viability at sub-IC₅₀ doses in both K562 and CD34⁺ cells. The strongest synergy was observed in the curcumin + resveratrol combination (Combination index (CI) 0.55±0.03; Loewe score 39.7±3.1), indicating a strong synergistic interaction despite model-specific differences. HbF induction followed the same trend and was consistent across experimental replicates. Curcumin raised HbF to 16.8% (1.9-fold), resveratrol to 12.5% (1.4-fold), and hydroxyurea to 21.2% (2.3-fold). Curcumin + resveratrol showed the highest induction at 24.92% (2.7-fold). In SCD CD34⁺ cells, the same combination produced 27.8% relative to untreated baseline. Interpretation and conclusions The strong synergy reflects the complementary action of antioxidant, epigenetic, and nitric-oxide-linked pathways. Minimal HbF rise in normal CD34⁺ cells indicate disease-specific responsiveness. Curcumin and resveratrol together form a potent and safe strategy for enhancing HbF and may serve as an effective adjunct therapy for SCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shigella and Guillain-Barré syndrome: Reconsidering an overlooked link.","authors":"Simran Kaur, Sapna Pahil","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3373_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3373_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder, mostly associated with preceding gastrointestinal or respiratory infections. Various bacterial and viral pathogens have been associated with GBS; Campylobacter jejuni being a well-established bacterial trigger. A few case reports and an outbreak of GBS wayback in 1976 also indicated an association of Shigella and GBS. Although Shigella primarily causes bacillary dysentery; however, it has been linked with neurological complications, including peripheral neuropathy. Shigella's substantial global burden, high endemicity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with known neuroinvasive potential prompted us to explore its possible role in GBS outbreaks. This perspective discusses the recent GBS outbreak in India, the possible role of Shigella in GBS, and surveillance gaps for GBS in LMICs for rapid diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"50-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero surveillance of human brucellosis and leptospirosis among veterinary personnel in Sikkim, India: A descriptive cross -sectional study.","authors":"Tara Devi Sharma, Sunu Hangma Subba, Yeshi Palden Dopthapa, Salina Tamang, Simmi Tiwari","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2970_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2970_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was conducted across the five districts of Sikkim to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella and Leptospira antibodies among veterinary and para-veterinary personnel. Serum samples were tested for Brucella using the Rose Bengal Test, Standard Agglutination Test, and ELISA (IgG/IgM), while Leptospira antibodies were detected using ELISA (IgG/IgM). Brucella seroprevalence was 18.8%, and Leptospira seroprevalence was 20.5%. The findings indicate a considerable level of exposure to both infections in this occupational group, underscoring the need for strengthened surveillance and preventive measures within a One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in serous ovarian carcinoma with clinicopathological associations.","authors":"Anubhuti Chaturvedi, Reena Tomar, Shramana Mandal, Deepti Goswami, Nita Khurana","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3261_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3261_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives The prevalence and significance of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in serous ovarian carcinoma are not well established. This study aimed to evaluate PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in whole tissue sections of serous ovarian carcinoma and to correlate its expression with relevant clinicopathological characteristics. Methods A retrospective study of 30 cases was conducted at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India, over one yr. All cases were reviewed using HandE staining, and IHC for PD-L1 was performed manually on poly-L-lysine-coated slides using the PD-L1 (E1L3N®) XP® Rabbit monoclonal antibody. Additional clinicomorphological data were recorded and analysed. Results Based on the combined positive score (CPS) with a 1% cutoff, PD-L1 expression was observed in 33% of cases. PD-L1 expression demonstrated a positive correlation with higher FIGO stage and the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (P=0.029). Interpretation and conclusion PD-L1 may serve as a potential prognostic marker in serous ovarian carcinoma. Its expression could help identify patients who may benefit from targeted PD-L1-based therapies and contributes to a better understanding of the biological behaviour of ovarian carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"98-102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal health and mental well-being of occupational two-wheeler delivery drivers from Mumbai metropolitan region.","authors":"Suparna Khera, Suyash Lokras, Krishnaja Np, Sunil Vilasrao Gitte","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3592_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3592_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the surge of urban gig drivers, 111 two-wheeler delivery riders (ages 18-40) in Panvel, MMR were assessed using NMQ and GHQ-12. High (87.3%) prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders primarily in the lower back (68%), significantly correlating with age (P<0.0086) and weight carried (P<0.0001) were observed. Additionally, 42.3% reported psychological distress (GHQ-12≥3), significantly associated with weight carried (P=0.0329), distance travelled (P=0.041), work hours (P=0.006) and the number of body parts affected by musculoskeletal disorders (P=0.0007). In conclusion, this occupational group faces a high risk of early-onset musculoskeletal disorders and long-term disability. Consequently, stakeholders must establish regulatory guidelines for this emerging sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"153-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clay pots for reducing fluoride concentration in drinking water.","authors":"Amrita Bansal, Richa Nagar, Ashwini Kurli, Alfas Razi M P, Shilpi Gilra Gupta, Puneet Gupta","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3656_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3656_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Fluoride contamination of drinking water is a major public health challenge in India, leading to dental and skeletal fluorosis. Safe, affordable household interventions are needed to reduce exposure. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of locally available clay pots in reducing fluoride concentration in stored drinking water. Methods Ten water samples from different sources in Indore, India, were collected and analysed for baseline fluoride concentration using the SPADNS (sodium 2-(para-sulfophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalene disulfonate) spectrophotometric method. Each sample was stored in a clay pot at room temperature for 24 h. Post-storage fluoride concentrations were remeasured. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. Results Mean fluoride concentration decreased significantly from 0.72±0.10 mg/L to 0.26±0.06 mg/L, corresponding to an average 64% reduction (P=0.01). Interpretation and conclusions Clay pots provide a simple, low-cost, and culturally acceptable method for fluoride reduction in resource-limited communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}