{"title":"Fast Stator Core Loss Estimation of PMSMs Considering Current Harmonics With Minimum Magnetostatic Analysis","authors":"Chendong Liao;Nicola Bianchi;Zhuoran Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3564544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3564544","url":null,"abstract":"In optimized permanent magnet synchronous machines, stator core losses are recognized as one of the major sources of electromagnetic loss. Quantitively evaluating and characterizing the variation pattern of stator core losses considering different factors such as operation conditions, current harmonics, and geometrical parameters is vital in the design stage. To deal with the high computation cost of using the high temporal resolution time-stepping finite element (FE) method, a fast method combining minimum magnetostatic finite element analysis and analytical process is proposed as an alternative solution. The flux density waveforms over an entire electrical period, originating from the magnets and the fundamental armature current, are reconstructed separately using sampled data and the frozen permeability method. Compared to the time-stepping FE method, the proposed approach delivers satisfactory core loss estimation accuracy with significantly reduced computation time.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7154-7162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Approach for Testing the Robustness of Networked Components in Vehicles Against Dynamic Power Supply Faults","authors":"Marvin Rübartsch;Stephan Frei","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3564550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3564550","url":null,"abstract":"Future automobiles will be characterized by automated driving features which demand an outstanding reliability of safety critical components. To ensure the needed safety in operation of the automated driving systems, the power supply must support a basic functionality in the case of a supply component failure. Typical component tests regarding the supply system are simplified and cannot consider the propagation of voltage pulses or drops along the power supply system and faulty system interactions. A new testing approach has been developed which considers these effects. The propagation of power supply system faults in a supply network are simulated first, and the time dependent voltage profiles are calculated for each attached electronic component individually. In a second step, voltage profiles gained from simulations are supplied by a highly dynamic voltage source to the electronic components and possible interactions are analyzed in this setup. The test method is presented and analyzed. In an exemplary automotive setup two redundant electronic components are interacting via the CAN communication bus. It is discussed how highly dynamic power supply system faults can lead to unexpected system interactions, not considered in today's testing approaches.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"8080-8088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10976988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisong He;Jinsong Kang;Dongliang Ke;Fengxiang Wang
{"title":"A Hybrid Model Flux Estimator for Diagnosis of Inter-Turn Short Circuit Fault in Traction Motors Considering Inverter Nonlinearity","authors":"Lisong He;Jinsong Kang;Dongliang Ke;Fengxiang Wang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3562513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3562513","url":null,"abstract":"Stator inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) faults are among the most severe malfunctions encountered in traction motors, significantly compromising the power output of high-speed trains. This paper presents an effective fault diagnosis method for detecting ITSC faults in traction motors, utilizing a voltage-current hybrid model flux estimator. The fault characterization signal is obtained using the PI module within the flux estimator, specifically designed to compensate for flux errors associated with pure integration and stator resistance measurements at low speeds. Firstly, a mathematical model of the induction motor under ITSC faults is established, and a high-precision voltage-current hybrid flux estimator based on deadbeat stator current observer is proposed. Secondly, the impact of ITSC faults and the characteristics of the inverter nonlinearity on the fault characterization signal is analyzed. Furthermore, an assessment is conducted on the influence of various parameter mismatches in the motor on the fault characterization signal. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed fault diagnosis method is validated through simulations and experiments conducted under diverse operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7707-7717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lenon Schmitz;Francisco José Viglus;Jessika Melo de Andrade;Matheus Schramm Dall Asta;Paulo Jefferson Dias de Oliveira Evald;Marcelo Lobo Heldwein;Telles Brunelli Lazzarin
{"title":"Optimal Design and Operation of Long-Distance Deep-Water HVAC Transmission for Offshore WECS Integration With FPSO Unit","authors":"Lenon Schmitz;Francisco José Viglus;Jessika Melo de Andrade;Matheus Schramm Dall Asta;Paulo Jefferson Dias de Oliveira Evald;Marcelo Lobo Heldwein;Telles Brunelli Lazzarin","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3561711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3561711","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the technical feasibility of integrating an offshore wind energy conversion system (WECS) into a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit. The WECS is situated closer to the Brazilian mainland, requiring a 150 km long subsea umbilical cable for the integration with the FPSO unit. High voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission is mandatory due to the substantial water depths, introducing challenges such as power losses and significant reactive capacitive current generated by the cable. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach to dealing with these challenges. Firstly, the umbilical cable section is sized based on ampacity and maximum current under short-circuit conditions. A power flow optimization is thus employed to determine the optimal transmission voltage that minimizes power losses. The optimization results define the reactive power that the back-to-back converter of the WECS must absorb based on the active power. This relationship is represented as a lookup table control, which ensures efficient operation by adjusting the reactive power reference in the WECS power control unit. Using this approach, the WECS back-to-back converter compensates for a portion of the reactive power generated by the umbilical, reducing the need for additional infrastructure such as shunt reactors or reactive compensation substations. Each component of the system is modeled, and a complete simulation is conducted using MATLAB/Simulink to validate the proposal. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing system efficiency while significantly reducing carbon dioxide emissions during oil and gas exploration through the integration of WECS with FPSO units.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7868-7879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harmonic-Constrained Three-Level Optimized Pulse Patterns for Grid-Connected Converters With $LCL$ Filters","authors":"Shirin Rahmanpour;Petros Karamanakos;Tobias Geyer","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3561700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3561700","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the computation of three-level optimized pulse patterns (OPPs) for converters connected to the grid via <inline-formula><tex-math>$LCL$</tex-math></inline-formula> filters. To this aim, the conventional OPP optimization problem is reformulated to account for the transfer function from the switching signal harmonics to the grid current harmonics. In addition, by incorporating constraints on grid current harmonics into the proposed OPP optimization problem, compliance with harmonic grid standards is ensured. Moreover, the restrictions that are typically imposed on multilevel switching signals, i.e., quarter-wave symmetry and unipolar switch positions, are relaxed in the proposed problem. This relaxation enables a reduction in current harmonic distortions within certain modulation intervals compared to conventional OPPs that do not limit grid current harmonics. The presented numerical results and real-time tests demonstrate the superior harmonic performance of the proposed harmonic-constrained relaxed OPPs, outperforming not only conventional modulation methods, such as space vector modulation (SVM), but also selective harmonic elimination (SHE) and conventional OPPs. Finally, further investigations reveal that the proposed OPPs maintain compliance with harmonic grid standards, even under variations in system parameters or when the <inline-formula><tex-math>$LCL$</tex-math></inline-formula> filter is downsized.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7481-7492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10969138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sai Krishna Mulpuri;Koushik Samanta;Pratik Kumar Rana;Bikash Sah;Praveen Kumar
{"title":"Design and Development of a Cloud-Assisted Cell Test Bench for Evaluating Cycle Life and Functional Performance of Electric Vehicle Batteries","authors":"Sai Krishna Mulpuri;Koushik Samanta;Pratik Kumar Rana;Bikash Sah;Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3561705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3561705","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the performance of lithium-ion batteries under varying operational and climatic conditions is crucial before their commercialization for EV applications to ensure safety and reliability. This paper presents the development of a cloud-based battery test bed designed to facilitate cell testing under diverse operating conditions, user-defined test protocols, and climatic scenarios within a controlled laboratory setting. Integration with a cloud platform enables remote operation of the test bed from anywhere worldwide, offering users seamless data monitoring and visualization capabilities. An advanced test bed controller has been developed to ensure the safe execution of multiple functions, including data acquisition, charge-discharge management, and chamber temperature control, serving as a vital link between the test bed and the cloud platform. Various established cell testing protocols, including the hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test, columbic efficiency test, temperature-dependent open circuit voltage (OCV) - state of charge (SOC) characteristic test, standard cyclic testing experiments, and critical drive cycle tests are performed to validate the effectiveness of the developed cloud-based battery test bed.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7620-7632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small Signal Modeling of LCC-S Compensated Multiphase Inductive Power Transfer System Using Extended Describing Function Method","authors":"Sukumar Das;Apurv Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3561766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3561766","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the small-signal modeling of an LCC-S compensated multiphase inductive power transfer (MIPT) system using the Extended Describing Function (EDF) method. The system incorporates three-phase electromagnetic coupler powered by a three-phase 2-level voltage source inverter. The implementation of an LCC compensation network at the primary side provides a constant coil current in the primary coil and ensures load-independent gain characteristics. Additionally, the necessary mathematical formulations for deriving the small-signal model using EDFs are thoroughly detailed. Based on this analysis, the open-loop transfer function between the duty cycle and the output voltage of the system is formulated. Furthermore, the LCC-S MIPT system's controller parameters are designed to ensure stable dynamic performance. The simulation results for the linearized model are presented for open-loop and closed-loop operations. Finally, the approach is experimentally validated on a scaled-down MIPT system prototype, and the results demonstrate the functionality of the designed parameters and controller.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7431-7442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast Design Methodology for Synchronous Reluctance Machine Rotor With Circular Flux Barriers","authors":"Wen-Jie Wan;Ze-Cheng Li;Jin-Ping Lu;Yunchong Wang;Dan Shi;Jian-Xin Shen","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3561759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3561759","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a fast rotor design method for synchronous reluctance machines (SynRM) is proposed, utilizing partly concentric circular flux barriers. The parametrization model exhibits a design freedom between the classic model with concentric flux barriers and the complete model with non-concentric ones. Moreover, a simple yet efficient equation between the end span angle and thickness of each flux barrier is introduced, based on the Joukowski formulation, which expands the parameter scan range while avoiding redundant rotor geometries, thereby improving time efficiency of the motor optimization. Three models, viz. the classic, complete and proposed, are applied to a same SynRM design and optimization process, employing Evolutionary Algorithm combined with the response surface method. The proposed methodology demonstrates significantly higher fitting accuracy compared to the complete model and achieves superior motor performance relative to the classic model. Finally, a prototype based on the proposed design method is manufactured and tested, validating the effectiveness of the method.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"6951-6961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yilin Xie;Ying Xu;Zhongkai Yi;Shuyu Lin;Bohan Zhang;Xuecheng Zhu;Shuang Rong
{"title":"A Hybrid Stochastic-Robust Planning Approach for the Flexible Devices in an Islanded Integrated Energy System Considering Multiple Uncertainties and Demand Response","authors":"Yilin Xie;Ying Xu;Zhongkai Yi;Shuyu Lin;Bohan Zhang;Xuecheng Zhu;Shuang Rong","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3561764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3561764","url":null,"abstract":"As renewable energy integration continues to rise, addressing the challenges of uncertainty and operational flexibility in islanded integrated energy systems (IES) has become increasingly critical. This paper presents a hybrid stochastic-robust optimization method for islanded IES planning, aiming to achieve an optimal balance between economic efficiency and robustness while managing the inherent uncertainties of renewable generation and multi-energy loads. The proposed approach combines stochastic optimization (SO) and robust optimization (RO), leveraging SO to model renewable energy and load variations through representative daily scenarios and employing RO to define fluctuation intervals for ensuring system reliability. By incorporating the Copula function, this method accurately captures the joint probability distributions of wind and solar power, balancing computational efficiency with modeling accuracy. Additionally, a demand response (DR) model is integrated to dynamically adjust energy consumption in response to price signals, enhancing system flexibility and cost-effectiveness. The proposed methodology not only mitigates the computational limitations of conventional SO approaches but also avoids the excessive conservatism associated with pure RO methods, making it particularly well-suited for remote areas with energy supply constraints. The results highlight the method's effectiveness in achieving resilient and economically sustainable energy planning. This study provides valuable insights for designing robust, cost-efficient, and flexible energy systems, contributing to the advancement of low-carbon energy solutions in islanded regions.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"8037-8050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eero Scherman;Andrea Credo;Charles Nutakor;Ilya Petrov;Emil Kurvinen;Khurram Shehzad;Jussi Sopanen;Juha J. Pyrhönen
{"title":"Axially-Laminated Synchronous Reluctance Machine Rotor Materials and Evaluation of Manufacturing Methods: Mechanical and Electromagnetic Validation","authors":"Eero Scherman;Andrea Credo;Charles Nutakor;Ilya Petrov;Emil Kurvinen;Khurram Shehzad;Jussi Sopanen;Juha J. Pyrhönen","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3561704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3561704","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed (HS) electric machines increase power density by elevating rotor speed, enabling direct connection to an application such as compressors or turbine impellers. These features benefit, for example, industrial or aviation applications. The HS operation requires a rugged rotor to handle the high centrifugal loads, while the electromagnetic performance should, at the same time, be acceptable. This research investigates the mechanical and electrical performance of three axially laminated anisotropic synchronous reluctance rotor configurations for a 12 kW 24 000 rpm motor. The axially laminated rotors have magnetic and non-magnetic layers joined using hot isostatic pressing or vacuum brazing. The results show that all the studied rotor constructions achieve sufficiently homogeneous structures, and good electromagnetic performance, and are feasible for HS operation.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7141-7153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}