IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications最新文献_第8页

TinyML for Fault Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Modules Using Edge Impulse Platform and IR Thermography Images 基于边缘脉冲平台和红外热成像图像的光伏组件故障诊断

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556792

A. Mellit;N. Blasuttigh;S. Pastore;M. Zennaro;A. Massi Pavan

{"title":"TinyML for Fault Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Modules Using Edge Impulse Platform and IR Thermography Images","authors":"A. Mellit;N. Blasuttigh;S. Pastore;M. Zennaro;A. Massi Pavan","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3556792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3556792","url":null,"abstract":"Fault detection, localization and diagnosis are critical for increasing the efficiency and dependability of photovoltaic (PV) plants. In this paper, a fault diagnosis method for PV modules is developed using a Machine Learning (ML) platform (Edge Impulse) and infrared images. The idea is to develop a TinyML model to classify certain defects that can frequently occur on PV modules (e.g., dirty, short-circuit and sand deposit on PV modules) and check the feasibility of the developed TinyML model by integrating it into a low-cost and lower power microcontroller (MCU). In this regard, a database of infrared thermography images was built and used. Then, different MobileNets versions are evaluated and compared in terms of accuracy, hardware resources and inference latency. Simulation and co-simulation results clearly report the feasibility of the method based on two different MCUs, with a maximum classification accuracy of 98%. The key advantage of the used platform is that the embedded ML models can be developed quickly and run locally without internet connection. Moreover, edge processes are not affected by latency, bandwidth limitations, energy constraints, or data privacy issues, making them outstanding methods for real-time diagnostics. To verify the ability of the developed TinyML model to classify defects in real- time, the model has been experimentally evaluated and the results demonstrated its capability to diagnose PV modules with good accuracy.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"8158-8169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Shaft on Post-Assembly Magnetization for V-Type IPMSMs 轴对v型永磁同步电机装配后磁化强度的影响

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556652

Zi-Ang Zhu;Dan Shi;Yun-Chong Wang;Shun Cai;Li-Xin Zhou;Jian-Xin Shen

{"title":"Influence of Shaft on Post-Assembly Magnetization for V-Type IPMSMs","authors":"Zi-Ang Zhu;Dan Shi;Yun-Chong Wang;Shun Cai;Li-Xin Zhou;Jian-Xin Shen","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3556652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3556652","url":null,"abstract":"Post-assembly magnetization (PAM) has become a widely adopted technique in the production of permanent magnet (PM) electrical machines, offering advantages such as simplified assembly processes and reduced manufacturing costs. However, for V-type interior PM synchronous machines (IPMSMs), magnetizing the bottom regions of V-shaped PMs deep inside the rotor close to the shaft presents significant challenges due to weaker magnetizing fields in these areas. Consequently, achieving full magnetization for the PMs often requires a substantial increase in the charging voltage. This paper investigates the influence of the shaft material on the PAM process, considering the effects of eddy currents within the shaft. The impact of the shaft's electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability on the magnetizing field strength is analyzed using the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model and then verified with finite element analysis (FEA). The results suggest that a proper selection of shaft material can suppress eddy currents within the shaft, strengthen the magnetizing field in hard-to-magnetize PM regions, and reduce energy consumption during PAM. Experimental tests are carried out with shafts made of different materials and validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7013-7022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Cogging Torque Optimization of Axial-Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine With Novel Modular Stator 新型模块化定子轴向-径向磁通永磁电机设计及齿槽转矩优化

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556801

Yuhang Long;Zhanfeng Song;Zan Zhang

{"title":"Design and Cogging Torque Optimization of Axial-Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine With Novel Modular Stator","authors":"Yuhang Long;Zhanfeng Song;Zan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3556801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3556801","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the design and optimization of an axial-radial flux permanent magnet (ARFPM) machine, which is an attractive option for high torque density applications. First, considering manufacturing costs and prevention of axial displacement, a novel modular stator is proposed. The structural design, assembly, and fixation of which are revealed in detail, and the mechanical strength is analyzed to validate its feasibility. The coupling between the axial flux and radial flux is studied by equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) and three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA). The design of key parameters to improve torque density is also discussed. Then, a comprehensive comparison of the electromagnetic performance is performed among three types of ARFPM machines: the one with a conventional soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator manufactured by molding, the one with the proposed modular stator, and the one with a traditional integrated silicon steel stator. In order to address the common issue of cogging torque without any additional material costs, the combination of PMs with non-uniform pole arcs is suggested and optimized. Finally, this research is one of the few that manufacture prototypes of 3-D hybrid flux PM machines. The effectiveness of analytical methods and the accuracy of simulated results are validated by the tests on two ARFPM machines before and after improvement.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7023-7034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Simple ANN-Aided Virtual-Space-Vector PWM Strategy for Three-Level NPC Traction Inverters With Coordinate-Data Mapping 基于坐标数据映射的三电平NPC牵引逆变器的简单人工神经网络辅助虚拟空间矢量PWM策略

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556650

Feng Guo;Yuan Gao;Tao Yang;Serhiy Bozhko;Tomislav Dragičević;Patrick Wheeler;Yue Zhao

{"title":"A Simple ANN-Aided Virtual-Space-Vector PWM Strategy for Three-Level NPC Traction Inverters With Coordinate-Data Mapping","authors":"Feng Guo;Yuan Gao;Tao Yang;Serhiy Bozhko;Tomislav Dragičević;Patrick Wheeler;Yue Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3556650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3556650","url":null,"abstract":"The three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) inverter is a mature topology that tends to be a good candidate in high-power traction applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs). However, the wide operating range under off-road scenarios inevitably renders a high modulation index and lower load angle, which affects the neutral-point (NP) voltage imbalance of the 3L-NPC inverter. To address this demerit, the prior-art virtual-space-vector pulse-width-modulation (VSVPWM) strategy has been explored due to average-zero NP currents for all ranges of load conditions. Nevertheless, this solution raises execution costs due to the complicated subsector and determination of dwell-time. To this end, in this paper, a novel artificial neural network (ANN)-aided VSVPWM is therefore proposed by leveraging the sextant-coordinate system. The designed ANN attains excellent training performance with negligible errors. More importantly, all the trained nets are designed with simple structures for running efficiently on commercial digital signal processors (DSPs). This makes the presented artificial intelligence (AI)-based modulation algorithm possible to be executed in a commercial controller of future EV powertrains. Based on the training data collected by coordinate-based derivations and the trained nets, the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented ANN-aided PWM technique were validated by simulation study through Simulink/PLECS and experimental results from a 3L-NPC traction inverter.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7399-7409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anomaly Detection of Cross-Operational State Streaming Data in an Edge Computing Platform 边缘计算平台中跨操作状态流数据的异常检测

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556663

Chang Li;Yong Li;Yijia Cao;Zhenyu Zhang;Jianghu Wan;Mohammad Shahidehpour

{"title":"Anomaly Detection of Cross-Operational State Streaming Data in an Edge Computing Platform","authors":"Chang Li;Yong Li;Yijia Cao;Zhenyu Zhang;Jianghu Wan;Mohammad Shahidehpour","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3556663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3556663","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical load detection provides important insights into energy consumption and operating modes of equipment. This paper proposes an integrated method combining state anomaly detection with edge computing, applied in a distributed energy station project for real-time anomaly detection of electrical loads. On the hardware side, considering the actual deployment environment, a new energy detection and sensing terminal, the Edge Industrial Unit Detector, is designed based on an edge single-board computing platform. An anomaly detection method that can run directly and completely on this hardware platform is also developed. The method first uses current spikes during state transitions as the starting point, employing extreme value theory and performing maximum likelihood estimation on the distribution of spike data to quickly respond to spikes in the data stream without making prior assumptions about the data distribution. After filtering out normal current spikes, an unsupervised clustering method is applied. By extracting features from real-time flow data through differential processing, window smoothing, and lag processing, clustering models are used to identify and differentiate normal and abnormal operating patterns of electrical loads. Unlike traditional anomaly detection techniques, which require centralized training and subsequent deployment on edge devices, the proposed method can be directly deployed on edge devices with limited computational resources. This effectively reduces the pressure on aggregation platforms and communication networks, improving the efficiency and response speed of real-time detection. After testing, the method is capable of marking abnormal regions with 100% accuracy, and the processing speed can reach one millisecond per data point.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7952-7966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Principal Harmonics-Based Arc Grounding Fault Detection Strategy in Resonant Grounding Distribution Network 基于主谐波的谐振配电网电弧接地故障检测新策略

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556661

Jie Ren;Zhenyuan Zhang;XiaoTian Tang;Shi Jing;Wei-Jen Lee

{"title":"Novel Principal Harmonics-Based Arc Grounding Fault Detection Strategy in Resonant Grounding Distribution Network","authors":"Jie Ren;Zhenyuan Zhang;XiaoTian Tang;Shi Jing;Wei-Jen Lee","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3556661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3556661","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution network's arc grounding fault (AGF) significantly threatens personal and equipment safety. In resonant grounding distribution networks (RGDN), the distortion features commonly used for arc detection are altered by the frequency characteristic of the equivalent zero mode network, which will pose a considerable challenge to ensure the effectiveness of AGF detection and faulty feeder selection. To address the issues, this paper proposes a principal harmonic-based approach for AGF detection and faulty feeder selection in RGDN. The amplitude-frequency-phase characteristic of principal harmonics in arc current is analyzed in detail based on multi-model simulation to obtain more intuitive and compatible arc signatures. The relations in phase and amplitude of principal harmonics have been investigated and represented for constructing explicit signature sets of arc faults. Then, the distortion discrepancy between different measurement positions and their causes and influences was thoroughly investigated using reasonable equivalence and frequency characteristic analysis of the mode system. Moreover, to avoid misaligning AGF detection methods by fault signals in the outlet of feeders due to the variations of distortion features, the estimation equation of current at the fault point has been derived to obtain the signal more suitable for AGF detection. Furthermore, a novel strategy for AGF detection and faulty feeder selection has been designed combining Taylor-Fourier transform (TFT) based dynamic parameters extraction and the characteristic of principal harmonics. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy has been verified using simulation data and in-field data.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7929-7940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Deaths Due to Electric Shock and the Correlation With the Human Development Index (HDI) in Brazil 巴西触电死亡分析及其与人类发展指数（HDI）的相关性

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556665

Danilo Ferreira de Souza;Walter Aguiar Martins;Edson Martinho;Evandro Aparecido Soares da Silva;Hédio Tatizawa

引用次数: 0

Torque Ripple Reduction in Brushless DC Motors with 180° Commutation 180°换向无刷直流电机的转矩脉动减小

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556658

Ziliang Feng;Rahul Raman Ramesh;Ekamjot Singh Tahim;Jiahao Zhang;Seyyedmilad Ebrahimi;Juri Jatskevich

引用次数: 0

Impact of SMC Property on Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine in Traction Applications SMC性能对轴向磁通永磁电机牵引应用的影响

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556657

Ren Tsunata;Masatsugu Takemoto;Jun Imai;Tatsuya Saito;Tomoyuki Ueno

{"title":"Impact of SMC Property on Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine in Traction Applications","authors":"Ren Tsunata;Masatsugu Takemoto;Jun Imai;Tatsuya Saito;Tomoyuki Ueno","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3556657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3556657","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of soft magnetic composite (SMC) properties on an axial flux permanent magnet machine (AFPM) employing ferrite permanent magnet (PM) in traction applications. In general, the efficiency of an AFPM increases as the iron loss of the SMC decreases. However, the torque and output power of the AFPM also decrease at higher speed above the base speed due to the decrease in magnetic permeability because, typically, when the iron loss of an SMC decreases, the permeability also decreases. In this paper, many virtual SMC materials with different iron loss and permeability are used for finite element analysis of the proposed AFPM in order to clarify the sensitivity to SMC characteristics. First, the impact of the permeability on the torque and output power is investigated because the output power is very important in traction applications. Additionally, the total energy loss of AFPMs employing various SMCs is evaluated using the WLTC driving cycle. Furthermore, accuracy of simulation is evaluated using experiments of downscaled and actual size prototypes employing some SMC materials. Finally, this paper shows the newly developed SMC materials and discusses suitable SMC properties from the perspective of efficiency and output power in traction applications.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"6848-6860"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10947196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smith-Type Digital Control for a Cross-Coupling Free AC Electrical Power Distribution System of the More Electric Aircraft 电动飞机无交叉耦合交流配电系统的smith型数字控制

IF 4.5 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2025.3556797

Qilin Peng;Jiajun Yang;Sandro Guenter;Giampaolo Buticchi;Nadia M. L. Tan;Patrick Wheeler;Yannian Hui;He Zhang

{"title":"Smith-Type Digital Control for a Cross-Coupling Free AC Electrical Power Distribution System of the More Electric Aircraft","authors":"Qilin Peng;Jiajun Yang;Sandro Guenter;Giampaolo Buticchi;Nadia M. L. Tan;Patrick Wheeler;Yannian Hui;He Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2025.3556797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3556797","url":null,"abstract":"The development of distributed generation systems and fully-controlled semiconductor devices has brought power electronic converters into the focus of scientific research. Synchronous reference frame-based controllers are commonly employed for the control of ac/dc converters owing to their simplicity and clear physical significance. However, in aircraft ac electrical power distribution system, the variable sampling-to-fundamental frequency ratio and higher rate of electronic devices compared to utility grid leads to more significant cross-coupling between <inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{d}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$boldsymbol{q}$</tex-math></inline-formula> axis, which will lead to additional oscillation modes and even jeopardize the system stability. In this work, a discrete Smith predictor (SM)-based decoupling scheme is proposed with a hybrid reference frame (HRF) structure, which effectively decouples the 2 output channels without sophisticated system modeling or parameter designing process. A 2-level three-phase converter is used to elaborate its performance, experimental results show that the proposed scheme enhances the overall stability of the system with sufficient robustness against parameter variation.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 5","pages":"7671-7683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0