{"title":"Control of Interlinking Converter for Adaptive Operation of Hybrid Microgrid","authors":"Shalvi Tyagi;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3454228","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3454228","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents control of interlinking converter for adaptive operation of hybrid microgrid. The hybrid microgrid (HMG) consists of canal based small hydro generation combined with solar panel tied at AC bus. A battery-based energy storage unit (ESU) is used, that balances the DC bus voltage whereas the interlinking converter (ILC) balances the AC bus frequency and voltage in the off-grid scenarios. Besides, multimode operation of interlinking converter is also tabulated. In the grid connected mode, the voltages at the PCC are governed by grid hence ILC operates in the current control mode to inject power from distributed energy sources to the grid. While ESU supports the DC bus. The objective of the HMG is that it meets both AC and DC load demand irrespective of the operating modes. The system possesses grid synchronization capability. It is noteworthy to mention that PVC AC/DC converter is used not only to transfer the active power from PV array to the grid but also supports the grid by providing reactive power. The harmonics and reactive power demand of the local loads are met by the ILC. This is accomplished by employing a total least square based adaptive filter. The hybrid microgrid is simulated on a MATLAB/Simulink platform to validate the modes of operation and a comparative analysis w.r.t to other adaptive filters is presented. Lastly, the system is tested on an OPAL-RT based real time simulator.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8509-8519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nícolas Eugenio Lima Baschera;Marco di Benedetto;Alessandro Lidozzi;Luca Solero;Luca Bigarelli
{"title":"Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop for Model-Less Emulation of PM Electrical Machines","authors":"Nícolas Eugenio Lima Baschera;Marco di Benedetto;Alessandro Lidozzi;Luca Solero;Luca Bigarelli","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3454218","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3454218","url":null,"abstract":"Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) is gaining increasing attention as a technology enabling rapid testing and development in power electronics and variable speed drive applications. When Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) emulation is used within the PHIL platform, the electrical and mechanical model of the machine must be solved in real-time by a Digital Real-Time Simulator (DRTS). The real-time resolution of the electrical model is one of the challenging aspects of PHIL implementation of PMSMs. This paper shows that the electrical model can be removed and accurate emulation of the PMSM can still be achieved. Such a solution allows to reduce the development time of the PHIL platforms and its cost. In this work, a theoretical analysis is carried out to compare the novel Model-less solution to the state-of-the-art implementation of PHIL. The theoretical work is supported and validated through experimental results, confirming the fairness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"9090-9099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Integrated Driver With Dual-Edge Adaptive Dead-Time Control for GaN-Based Synchronous Buck Converter","authors":"Giao Huu Thuc;Ching-Jan Chen","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3454198","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3454198","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an integrated gate driver for a GaN-based synchronous buck converter with a novel dual-edge adaptive dead-time control (DTC) to minimize the dead-time and the reverse conduction loss on both transition edges of the switching node voltage. Two function blocks, phase error detector (PED) and coarse/fine controller, are created to detect the real dead-time and calibrate it to the sub-ns range, respectively. The control mechanism combines both analog and digital principles. The driver IC was fabricated by TSMC 0.18 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{mu}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m HVG2 process with a die area of 1.5 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathrm{m}{{mathrm{m}}^2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Measurement results show that less than 1 ns dead-times are achieved in the entire load current range of 0.2 to 2 A for a 1 MHz 12-to-5V GaN-based buck converter. Thus, the measured peak efficiency reaches 94.15%.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"9157-9170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Tsovilis;Alexandros Y. Hadjicostas;Evangelos T. Staikos;Zacharias G. Datsios;Georgios D. Peppas
{"title":"Surge Current Withstand Capability of Natural Ester Oil: A Comparison to Gas-to-Liquid Transformer Oil","authors":"Thomas Tsovilis;Alexandros Y. Hadjicostas;Evangelos T. Staikos;Zacharias G. Datsios;Georgios D. Peppas","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3454232","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3454232","url":null,"abstract":"The basic electrical characteristics of a natural ester oil are experimentally investigated and compared to gas-to-liquid transformer oil with emphasis given to the endurance against surge events. An accelerated degradation test is conducted using a sequence of current impulses generated through a combination wave generator. This test is employed to investigate changes in the electrical conductivity of the oil, serving as a crucial performance indicator for assessing its surge current withstand capability. Experimental results on the surge degradation of the natural ester oil are compared to those of gas-to-liquid oil, which is commonly used in power transformers. A discussion is made on the possible use of natural ester oils as a liquid matrix for environmentally friendly surge-proof nanofluids to substitute transformer oils, which are commonly employed as insulating liquids and coolants in the power industry.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8362-8370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huangqing Xiao;Xiaowei Huang;Ying Huang;Tao Liu;Ping Yang
{"title":"Black Start Strategy of DRU-Based Low-Frequency AC Transmission System for Offshore Wind Power Integration","authors":"Huangqing Xiao;Xiaowei Huang;Ying Huang;Tao Liu;Ping Yang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3453214","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3453214","url":null,"abstract":"The diode rectifier unit (DRU) based low-frequency AC transmission system is an attractive option for integrating offshore wind power due to its low construction cost and high economic efficiency. However, since DRU cannot transmit active power to offshore wind farms, an additional black start power source is required to provide the initial energy required for the wind turbines. In this paper, an auxiliary converter-based black start strategy is proposed for the above transmission system. The position and topology of the auxiliary converter are introduced, and the method for selecting its capacity is analyzed. The black start strategy of the transmission system is then designed, including the black start for the auxiliary converter and the grid-forming wind turbines based on self-synchronizing control. Finally, a simulation model is developed using PSCAD/EMTDC, and the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed black start strategy.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8319-8328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of Control Strategies for Energy Storage Systems and Interlinking Converters in an Interconnected Hybrid Microgrid System for Optimal Power Management Using OPAL-RT","authors":"Moshammed Nishat Tasnim;Tofael Ahmed;Shameem Ahmad;Saad Mekhilef","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3452065","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3452065","url":null,"abstract":"The interconnection of multiple microgrids (MGs) is gaining popularity due to its reliability, flexibility, and ability to handle the uncertainty of renewable energy sources. A proper control structure with robust and reliable control strategies is required to improve the interconnected microgrid's (IMG) performance concerning power sharing, power quality, and stability. Therefore, this paper presents a control structure for power flow control among interconnected hybrid microgrids (HMGs), with particular emphasis on the control strategies of three converters: the energy storage system (ESS), the HMG's interlinking converter (ILC), and the IMG's interconnecting converter (IC). Firstly, a V-f droop control-based ILC control strategy is designed to attain power sharing between AC and DC MGs in HMG while regulating both AC and DC voltages. Secondly, the control strategy of ESS combines a virtual inertia concept with a state of charge-based management to manage charging and discharging according to the IMG power flow and operating modes. Finally, the control strategy of a parallel IC structure based on double-loop voltage control is proposed to interconnect and control the power sharing and DC voltages of HMGs. The IMG system is designed in MATLAB/Simulink, and the performance is validated using the OPAL-RT simulator-based real-time software-in-the-loop simulation technique. The results indicate that the control structure, with three control strategies, ensures reliable performance in all modes and also maximizes power supply security.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8520-8531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grid Controllability Aware Optimal Placement of PMUs With Limited Input Current Channels","authors":"Akash Kumar Mandal;Swades De;Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3452076","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3452076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new method for optimally placing phasor measurement units (PMUs) aimed at enhancing smart grid controllability under perturbed conditions while maintaining system observability. To address practical concerns, the approach assumes that each PMU has a limited number of input channels when determining the optimal number of PMUs needed. To achieve this optimality objective, a minimum cost constrained quadratic objective problem over a bounded decision domain is formulated with continuous relaxation for the discrete binary constraint. An information-theoretic viewpoint is taken for characterizing the robustness of grid estimation at the phasor data concentrator. A perturbation-resistant algorithm has been developed to achieve a globally optimal PMU placement solution. The effectiveness of the proposed smart grid monitoring method is confirmed through tests on IEEE 6, 14, 30, 57, and 118-bus systems. The findings reveal that, in contrast to traditional observability-focused PMU deployment, the proposed approach ensures system controllability under general perturbation scenarios while preserving grid observability at \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$approx 100%$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, achieving a minimum mean squared error of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$approx 10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and maintaining mutual information between estimated and measured attributes near 1 across all test cases.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8532-8547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive Comparison of Grid-Connected Flyback-Based Microinverter With Primary and Secondary Side Decoupling Approach","authors":"Hossein Afshari;Oleksandr Husev;Oleksandr Matiushkin;Saeed Pourjafar;Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi;Dmitri Vinnikov","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3452069","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3452069","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares grid-connected flyback-based microinverters employing primary and secondary side fundamental power ripple decoupling approaches. The passive decoupling techniques involve the use of the unfolding circuit on the primary side and an H-bridge inverter on the secondary side to achieve the same number of passive components. The unfolding circuit operates at the grid frequency, unfolding/folding the rectified sinusoidal waveform and providing a current pathway to the grid. Comparative assessments encompass energy accumulation in inductances and capacitors, conduction and switching losses, and voltage stress across semiconductors. Proportional Resonant controllers govern grid current. The theoretical evaluation is complemented by cost analysis using existing component prices, and experimental setups utilizing four-layer printed circuit boards for primary and secondary side decoupling. The results provide a comprehensive comparison, and conclusions offer valuable recommendations based on both theoretical and experimental insights.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"9080-9089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electric Motor Bearing Fault Noise Detection via Mel-Spectrum-Based Contrastive Self-Supervised Transformer Model","authors":"Xiaotian Zhang;Yunshu Liu;Chao Gong;Yu Nie;Jose Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3451414","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3451414","url":null,"abstract":"Bearings are vital components of motor drive systems and are widely used in various industrial applications. Bearing failures can lead to system collapse and pose a risk to human safety. Therefore, real-time monitoring and diagnosis of multi-fault bearings are crucial. This paper proposes a Mel-spectrum-based contrastive self-supervised Transformer (Mel-CSST) model to efficiently detect multiple bearing faults in electric motors through vibration noise signals. Among them, the contrastive self-supervised Transformer model (CSST) can be pre-trained without the need for labeled data, significantly improving the fault detection accuracy of the target bearing after transfer learning using the parameter-frozen domain-adversarial (PFDA) method. Mel-spectrums are converted from a mass of sub-signals generated by the random-masked sliding window (RMSW) method, providing training data sample pairs for the CSST model. Mel-spectrums can analyze significant vibration noise signals at lower frequencies in more detail, revealing the fault features missed by the standard fast Fourier transform. Furthermore, the encoder part of Mel-CSST uses a modified Transformer network to ensure the feature extraction effectiveness of CSST. The proposed method can be easily transferred to be used on target bearings without expensive labelling data in practical applications. Experiments using two real bearing datasets measured from two test rigs, along with comparison experiments with other existing methods, validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8755-8765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Almarzooqi;Mohammed Alhusin;Iraklis P. Nikolakakos;Motamen Salih;Ali Husnain;Hamad Albeshr
{"title":"Improved NaS Battery State of Charge and State of Health Estimation: A Novel Integration of Temporal Fusion Transformer, Isolation Forest, and Support Vector Regression","authors":"Ali Almarzooqi;Mohammed Alhusin;Iraklis P. Nikolakakos;Motamen Salih;Ali Husnain;Hamad Albeshr","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3451408","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3451408","url":null,"abstract":"Precise State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) are crucial for the effective operation and longevity of Sodium-Sulfur (NaS) Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). Real-time knowledge of SOC allows for optimal discharge planning and prevents over-discharging, while a reliable SOH estimate facilitates preventive maintenance and diminishes unexpected system failures. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to address the need for robust SOC and SOH estimation in NaS BESS. The proposed framework utilizes machine learning techniques for precise SOC and SOH estimation in NaS BESS, essential for integrating renewable energy sources into the electrical grid and deriving valuable insights into battery health and capacity. Unique challenges associated with NaS batteries, such as the significant hysteresis effect, demand sophisticated estimation techniques. To address this, a Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based Temporal Fusion Transformer is employed for SOC estimation, yielding an exemplary R-square value of 0.997, thereby surpassing the performance metrics of conventional Recurrent Neural Network/Long Short-Term Memory (RNN/LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) architectures. For the estimation of SOH, a dual-strategy method is implemented, using support vector regression (SVR) coupled with an Isolation Forest model to facilitate the prediction of various operational cycles and enhance anomaly detection capabilities. The proposed approaches not only demonstrate superior accuracy in SOC and SOH estimation but also establish a robust framework for comprehensive assessment in NaS BESS. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of battery management systems, which support the sustainability and reliability of renewable energy-rich power grids.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"60 6","pages":"8020-8030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}