David Sehloff;Jonghwan Kwon;Mahdi Mehrtash;Todd Levin;Benjamin F. Hobbs
{"title":"Assessing the Reliability Benefits of Energy Storage as a Transmission Asset","authors":"David Sehloff;Jonghwan Kwon;Mahdi Mehrtash;Todd Levin;Benjamin F. Hobbs","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476241","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing energy storage solutions to reduce the need for traditional transmission investments has been recognized by system planners and supported by federal policies in recent years. This work demonstrates the need for detailed reliability assessment for quantitative comparison of the reliability benefits of energy storage and traditional transmission investments. First, a mixed-integer linear programming expansion planning model considering candidate transmission lines and storage technologies is solved to find the least-cost investment decisions. Next, operations under the resulting system configuration are simulated in a probabilistic reliability assessment which accounts for weather-dependent forced outages. The outcome of this work, when applied to TPPs, is to further equalize the consideration of energy storage compared to traditional transmission assets by capturing the value of storage for system reliability.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"994-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CM Noise Modeling and Reduction for Multi-Output Dual-Switch Flyback Auxiliary Power Supplies","authors":"Dingkun Zhao;Xuejun Pei;Yi Yu;Jinzhou Yan","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476246","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-output dual-switch flyback converter is extensively used as an auxiliary power supply in high-voltage and high-power photovoltaic (PV) inverters, providing power to electronic circuits. To maintain an independent power supply, isolation between the multiple outputs is necessary. However, when developing a common-mode (CM) model for the multi-output flyback converter as an independent system, neglecting the isolation between the multiple outputs renders the model incapable of accurately describing the CM electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission characteristics within the inverter system. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a CM model for the multi-output flyback converter that effectively represents its CM EMI emission characteristics when used as an auxiliary power supply in an inverter system. First, a complete CM noise path model for the multi-output dual-switch flyback auxiliary power supply is established using the lumped capacitance model for isolating multiple outputs in transformers. Given the numerous lumped capacitors in the transformer's CM model, the “insertion capacitance method” has been proposed to accurately and reliably extract these capacitances. Subsequently, a capacitance designed for CM noise mitigation is implemented and adjusted to create a reverse extraction current, which offsets the generated CM noise. The established CM model accurately characterizes the transmission of CM EMI from the flyback auxiliary power supply through multiple output paths to other parts of the PV inverter. The effectiveness of this approach is validated on an experimental platform of a PV inverter.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"429-438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Permanent-Magnet Double-Rotor Electric Variable Transmission With Nested-Loop Inductors","authors":"Yu Zeng;Wenxiang Zhao;Jinghua Ji","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476457","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetic-field modulated brushless double-rotor permanent-magnet machine presents a promising electrification solution, potentially replacing traditional mechanical transmissions such as planetary gear sets in hybrid power systems. However, it faces challenges such as uneven air-gap-length distribution, significant magnetic flux leakage, and limited magnetic field conversion capacity, thereby restricting performance improvement. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a new permanent-magnet double-rotor electric variable transmission with nested-loop inductors. The key innovation lies in the introduction of the nested-loop inductor into the permanent magnet double-rotor machine, leveraging electromagnetic induction principles for pole pairs transformation between the permanent magnet and armature magnetic fields. The induced current in the nested-loop inductor generates additional magnetomotive force, significantly enhancing magnetic field conversion capacity and achieving a higher power factor compared to traditional modulating rings. Finite-element-analysis-based simulation results validate the superior performance of the proposed machine.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attack Strategies Among Prosumers in Smart Grids: A Game Theoretic Analysis","authors":"Leonardo Badia;Mattia Borgo;Bruno Principe;Lorenzo Spina;Laura Crosara;Elvina Gindullina","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476437","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grids provide energy distribution with empowered capabilities thanks to the technological resources of information systems. However, this also poses security threats related to cyberattacks that are difficult to characterize. In this paper, we present a game theoretic model of the interplay between 2 prosumers of a smart grid, interacting as attacker and defender in a strategic setup, and one consumer which is assumed to be passive. We analyze this problem by framing it as a static game of complete information and providing theoretical and numerical discussions of the Nash equilibrium solutions. Finally, we obtain results that can serve as guidelines to characterize the performance of smart grid systems and handle their reliability.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1068-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Intelligent Power Control Technique for a Type-3 Wind Energy Conversion System With LVRT Capability and Improved Dynamic Performance","authors":"Md. Shamsul Arifin;Mohammad Nasir Uddin","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476461","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel neuro-fuzzy (NF) based intelligent power control (IPC) technique for a Type-3 wind energy conversion system (WECS), which can achieve low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability by managing grid side disturbance of WECS. The proposed IPC technique considers the errors between command and actual values of real and reactive powers of the stator as inputs and processes these inputs through two NF networks to generate <italic>d-q</i> axis switching signals for the switches of rotor side converters (RSCs). Additionally, a hybrid training method is developed to train the NF system parameters. The performance of the proposed control technique is tested in simulation under different grid disturbance and wind speed variations. Furthermore, a comparative study of performances is conducted between the proposed and the classical proportional-integral control technique at different operating conditions. Additionally, the stability of WECS and the effectiveness of the NF networks are investigated in this study. Furthermore, a laboratory prototype of Type-3 WECS is also built to test the performance of the proposed IPC technique in real-time using the DSP controller board DS-1104. Both the simulation and experimental results verify the LVRT capability of the IPC technique as well as its superior dynamic response with variations in wind speed.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1256-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Line Transient Response of a RHP Zero Constrained Buck-Boost Converter","authors":"Isac Daimary;Rajib Jana","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476230","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an adaptive sawtooth height control (ASHC) circuit is introduced to enhance the line transient response of a non-isolated buck-boost converter (BBC). The dynamic performance of a BBC is significantly hindered by the presence of a right-half-plane-zero (RHPZ) in its control-to-output transfer function. This RHPZ leads to reduced bandwidth and consequently slower line and load transient responses, particularly in voltage mode control (VMC). The ASHC effectively mitigates these issues, even in the presence of an RHPZ. A detailed design methodology is presented, and a Type-III controller is developed to evaluate the closed-loop dynamic performance of the BBC. Both the ASHC and the Type-III controller circuits are cost-effective and easy to implement, utilizing straightforward control logic and a minimal number of discrete components. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed ASHC control scheme. The results clearly demonstrates the fast line transient response due to incorporation of the proposed ASHC circuit.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"439-449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Switched-Midpoint Boost Inverter (SMBI)","authors":"Sze Sing Lee","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476449","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional three-level inverters such as T-type topology use two series-connected dc-link capacitors to generate three symmetric voltage levels. As their maximum voltage level is limited to only half dc-link voltage, they require a frontend boost converter to extend voltage gain that constitutes a two-stage topology. This paper introduces a single-stage three-phase boost inverter known as the Switched-Midpoint Boost Inverter (SMBI). The proposed topology facilitates control of the dc-link capacitors by incorporating a power switch at their midpoint. By enabling the parallel connection of the dc-link capacitors during charging by a boost inductor, voltage balance is naturally maintained, obviating the need for any voltage balancing controllers or sensors. For a given boost inductor charging duty-cycle, the dc-link voltage of the proposed SMBI is double compared to the conventional two-stage inverter, thus enhancing the voltage gain. In addition, the switched-midpoint circuit that enables single-stage voltage boosting in the proposed SMBI also reduces voltage and current stresses compared to the frontend boost converter in the conventional two-stage inverter. Moreover, the proposed inverter effectively mitigates high-frequency common-mode voltage by establishing a common-ground structure through the direct connection of the ac neutral to the negative terminal of the dc source. The operational principle of the proposed SMBI is thoroughly analyzed and validated through experimental results.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"463-471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Speed Sensorless Control Strategy of SRMs: Utilizing Fourth Order Generalized Integrator to Enhance Control Performance and Overcome Magnetic Characteristic Constraints","authors":"Zifeng Chen;Hao Jing;Xinghao Wang;Lefei Ge;Zaixin Song;Dianxun Xiao","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476243","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-storing magnetic characteristic parameters are essential to achieve high-speed sensorless control of switched reluctance motors (SRMs). However, creating an accurate table of nonlinear flux linkage based on magnetic characteristic parameters requires time-consuming offline measurements. To overcome this challenge, a novel high-speed sensorless control scheme is introduced, utilizing a Fourth Order Generalized Integrator (FOGI). This method offers the capability to precisely estimate the rotor position and speed, even in scenarios where the magnetic characteristic parameters are unknown. An additional advantage of the FOGI approach lies in its high-order characteristics, which provide effective filtering capabilities and robust resistance against interference. The proposed high-speed sensorless control method is validated and compared with the conventional sensorless control method based on a 5.5 kW 12/8 three-phase SRM experimental setup. The results indicate that the proposed sensorless control method has higher estimation accuracy and stronger anti-interference ability compared to the conventional method.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianzheng Xiao;Zhitong Ran;Zi Qiang Zhu;Dawei Liang;Peng Wang
{"title":"Optimal Stator/Rotor Copper Loss Ratio for Maximum Torque of Electrically Excited Machines","authors":"Tianzheng Xiao;Zhitong Ran;Zi Qiang Zhu;Dawei Liang;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3476433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3476433","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on torque maximization of electrically excited (EE) machines considering variable stator/rotor copper loss ratio (SRCLR) in design optimization. Firstly, two EE machines are optimized with SRCLR fixed to 1 (EE1) and variable SRCLR (EE2) based on a baseline interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine, which proves that an optimal SRCLR exists in EE machines. Then, the influence of SRCLR and geometrical parameters on the torque of EE2 machine is studied. EE and IPM machines are compared by finite element analyses (FEA). The results show that EE2 exhibits higher torque, output power, efficiency, and better temperature distribution than EE1 with the same power factor due to optimal SRCLR. It is also prospective to replace IPM machines with EE machines for electric/hybrid electric vehicles and aircraft starter-generators considering power factor, constant power operation, and cost advantages despite of lower efficiency. A scaled EE machine with optimized SRCLR is prototyped and tested to verify the improved torque capability and temperature distribution of the EE machine with optimized SRCLR.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"137-150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Online Multiparameter Estimation With Position Error Correction for Unified Synchronous Machine Sensorless Drives","authors":"Zirui Liu;Wubin Kong;Hengyang Liu;Kai Peng;Fei Wang;Xinggang Fan;Ronghai Qu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3473898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3473898","url":null,"abstract":"For model-based sensorless drives in synchronous machines (SMs), real-time parameter information is essential for accurate position observation. Considering the challenges in fundamental frequency model-based parameter estimation, this article presents an online multiparameter estimation method. The adaptive robust observer in the misaligned synchronous frame small signal model for unified SMs is designed to mitigate the position observation error caused by parameter mismatches. The small signal model, derived from flux linear assumption, effectively accounts for the <italic>dq</i>-axis magnetic path asymmetry. With extra small-signal excitation guaranteed by the persistent excitation (PE) condition analysis, the estimated parameters are proven to converge to their actual value under sensorless control within the rated speed. Additionally, a robust feedback function is designed to address the speed fluctuations related to fundamental flux linkage, mitigating their influence on parameter estimation results. For isotropic SMs, the estimated parameters are directly utilized in the model-based observer. For anisotropic SMs, an optimizer is introduced to locate the <italic>dq</i>-axis inductance from the coupled inductance matrix in the misaligned synchronous frame. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through sufficient experiments, showing position observation error within 0.1 rad for IPMSM and SPMSM and 0.15 rad for SynRM.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"345-358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}